EMPOWERING WOMEN TO LEAD

Evaluating WEE – some useful tools

20 April 2016

Presented by Amanda Scothern

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Tugeda Tude fo Tumoro (TTFT)& Western Pacific Sanitation

Marketing and Innovation Program (WPSMIP)

Two programs that illustrate application of some of these tools

and approaches:

TTFT

• Part of SINPA (Solomon Islands NGO Partnership Agreement)

• TTFT primary goal: Inclusive Natural Resource Management

• Focus primarily on agency rather than on growth.

• IWDA lead – partnered with Live & Learn Solomon Islands & Live & Learn

International (LLI)

WPSMIP

• 4 countries – SI, PNG, Vanuatu & Fiji

• Primary Goal: Improved Public Health Outcome (3 sub-goals)

• IWDA Technical Support on Gender and Social Inclusion – LLI lead with

International Water Centre

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Evaluating WEE – WHAT are we measuring?

• Power and Agency (ICRW framework)

• A definition of economy that goes beyond the traditional

capitalist (diverse & solidarity economies, community economies)

- Informal as well as formal economy

- Voluntary work (eg. church)

- Unpaid care work

- Time – Infrastructure (eg. WASH, markets)

• Poverty is multidimensional, and the dimensions are

interconnected

- consider opportunity costs of women’s participation

• Sustainable transformation requires change in multiple

‘spaces’ (GAW framework: individual consciousness, resources,

legal/ policy, SOCIAL NORMS)

- be aware of how the intervention interacts across spaces: if it does not contribute to

impacting Social Norms it is not addressing gender equality

- Consider backlash as evidence that it may be working – AND Do No Harm

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Evaluating WEE – HOW?

Qualitative + quantitative

Measure PROCESS + outcomes

Participatory (MEANINGFUL participation)

Reflective (action-learning; praxis)

Assess individuals, not households. DISAGGREGATE data. And

not just by sex or gender (intersections magnify disadvantage)

Expanded set of indicators, not narrow definition of EE

Do No Harm

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Tools…

• Monitoring Gender and Economy in Melanesian Communities

Toolkit

• WASH Resource Guide

• Individual Deprivation Measure (IDM)

• SINPA Gender Standards

Some recurring themes…

Agency/ participation : Participation Ladder/ ‘Voice in the Community’

module in IDM

Time-use : 24-hour Clock

Implementer Capacity : ‘People and Organisations’ in the WASH Resource

Guide; SINPA Gender Standards

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Participation Ladder

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24-hour Clock

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Monitoring Gender & Economy in Melanesia Toolkit

Participation Ladder (various toolkits)

24-hour Clock (various toolkits)

Floating Coconut – illustrating visible and invisible economic activity

Rivers of Change – 4 main domains of change (tributaries) to lead to

the river of gender equality

Indicators – mapping ‘diverse economy’ profile plus 4 domains of

change (tributaries)

Flashcards – for 3 participatory monitoring tools to test the strength

and flow of the ‘river of change’

CD – Data management package and analysis documents

Monitoring gender and economy in Melanesia Toolkit

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WASH Resource Guide

Participation Ladder

24-hour clock

‘People and Organisations’ section:

Practices within the organisation

affect program implementation

− male and female staff

− training/ capacity-building for staff

− Gender audit incorporated in project

cycle

− Reflection and adaptive design

− Knowing what questions to ask

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Importance of individual and institutional capacity

development

Learning by doing, experiencing

Effectiveness of tools is dependent on the competence of the

user – more so for qualitative tools.

Being able to see with a ‘gender lens’.

Being sensitive to power, able to create and hold ‘safe space’

Knowing what to ask, and how to interpret the answers.

TTFT community facilitators reported that it took 2-3 years for them to

understand ‘gender’ themselves. But when they did, the information

they were able to document was significantly more useful.

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SINPA Gender Standards

Supporting both increased understanding of gender within

organisations and more gender-sensitive programming.

• Developed in a participatory way – process as important as

outputs

• 10 standards

How to monitor and evaluate?

Integration into the Organisational Capacity Assessment Tool

(OCAT) – more detailed descriptions for more accurate tracking

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The Individual Deprivation Measure

Module SOURCES Indicators

Household Characteristics multiple n/a

A. Financial Status DHS Asset Index

1. Food/Nutrition FANTA Hunger in last 4 weeks

2. Water WHO, UNICEF, new Water source, water quantity, water quality

3. Shelter DHS, new Durable Housing, Homelessness

4. Health Care/Health CWIQ, WHS Health status, health care access; for women pregnant now or w/in last 3 years,

substitute pre-natal care, birth attendance & actual/ intended place of birth

5. Education IHSN, DHS, new Schooling completed, literacy and numeracy

6. Energy/Cooking Fuel DHS, new Source of cooking fuel, access to electricity

7. Sanitation UNICEF, WHO Primary toilet, secondary toilet

8. Family Relationships OPHI/WEAI, new Control of decision making in household, supportive relationships

9. Clothing/Personal Care New Protection from elements, ability to present oneself

10. Violence OPHI missing dimensions Violence experienced 12 months, perceived risk in next 12

11. Family Planning DHS, new Access to contraception, control over use

12. Environment new Exposure to environmental harms

13. Voice WEAI/ OPHI Ability to participate in public decision making, ability to change community

14. Time-Use Various time-use surveys,

WEAI

24 hour clock (labour burden, leisure time)

15. Work OPHI Status in, of work, Safety (paid and unpaid)

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Do No Harm Research

‘Understanding

interactions between

women’s economic

empowerment

interventions and violence

against women’

SSGM at ANU, and IWDA (in

Solomon Islands, SPC and

Rose Maebiru)

Solomon Islands (almost

complete); PNG (underway)

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Do No Harm: Exploring the connections

Positive outcomes

Negative outcomes

Increased violence can result if economic programming is not

combined with other complementary rights-based interventions

Can generate unintended consequences including violent

backlash against women

Increased contribution to household income not often linked to

redistribution of other gendered responsibilities (such as unpaid care)

Women’s employment outside the home can increase the incidence of

domestic violence

May improve women’s participation in decision-making

May improve women’s status as role models in the community

May strengthen family relations and reduce marital conflict due to

increase in household budget

May lower incidence of domestic conflict & reduce risk of physical

and sexual violence

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Do No Harm – guidance outputs

Practitioner Guidance:

For Solomon Islands and PNG first half of 2017

Discussion Papers & In-Briefs: coming up later this year

Surveys in SI (May-June 2016) and PNG (TBC): women in formal employment – if you know of organisations/ institutions who may be interested to participate, please get in touch with Sharon Smee (final slide).

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For more information…

Gender & Economy in Melanesia Toolkit (Open Source – downloadable):

https://www.iwda.org.au/resource/gender-and-economy-in-melanesian-

communities-manual/

WASH Resource Guide (Open Source; design files available from IWDA):

http://www.genderinpacificwash.info/guidance-material.html

More on Individual Deprivation Measure:

https://www.iwda.org.au/assets/files/1.-Introducing-the-IDM.pdf

contact Jo Crawford: jcrawford@iwda.org.au

More on Do No Harm:

https://www.iwda.org.au/assets/files/Do-No-Harm-Policy-Brief-IWDA.pdf

contact Sharon Smee: ssmee@iwda.org.au

SINPA Gender Standards Learning Paper & Toolkit: coming mid-May

contact Amanda Scothern: ascothern@iwda.org.au

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THANK YOU