EVALUATIONEVALUATION

Mr.Upendra YadavMr.Upendra Yadav

Associate ProfessorAssociate Professor

Department of Child Health Nursing,Department of Child Health Nursing,

College of Nursing, BPKIHSCollege of Nursing, BPKIHS

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IntroductionIntroductionHealth Services have become complex. There has Health Services have become complex. There has been a growing concern about their functioning both been a growing concern about their functioning both in the developed and developing countries. in the developed and developing countries. Questions are raised about the quality of medical Questions are raised about the quality of medical care, utilization and coverage of health services, care, utilization and coverage of health services, benefits to community health in terms of morbidity benefits to community health in terms of morbidity and mortality reduction and improvement in the and mortality reduction and improvement in the health status of the recipients of care. health status of the recipients of care. An evaluation study addresses itself to these issues. An evaluation study addresses itself to these issues.

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DefinitionDefinition1.1. Evaluation may be defined as “ a collection of Evaluation may be defined as “ a collection of

methods, skills and sensitivities necessary to methods, skills and sensitivities necessary to determine whether a human service is needed and determine whether a human service is needed and likely to be used, whether it is conducted as likely to be used, whether it is conducted as planned, and whether the human service actually planned, and whether the human service actually does help people in need”.does help people in need”.

2.2. Evaluation of health services is the systematic Evaluation of health services is the systematic process of determining the extent to which an process of determining the extent to which an action or sets of actions were successful in the action or sets of actions were successful in the achievement of determined objectives.achievement of determined objectives.

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DefinitionDefinition ( ..)Conti ( ..)Conti3.3. ““Evaluation is the term used to Evaluation is the term used to

describe the process of finding out describe the process of finding out whether what was expected, whether what was expected, desired or aimed at has been desired or aimed at has been achieved”.achieved”.

4.4. Evaluation is a means of helping an Evaluation is a means of helping an individual or a group to become self-individual or a group to become self-directing.directing.

5.5. Evaluation is the process of Evaluation is the process of ascertaining or judging the value of ascertaining or judging the value of something by careful appraisal. something by careful appraisal.

6.6. Programme valuation is the process of Programme valuation is the process of judging the effectiveness of the judging the effectiveness of the programmes experiences through programmes experiences through careful appraisal.careful appraisal.

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DefinitionDefinition ( ..)Conti ( ..)Conti7.7. According to Grans et al, Evaluation is the According to Grans et al, Evaluation is the

process through which progress towards the process through which progress towards the realization of the purposes is assed.realization of the purposes is assed.

8.8. Simply defined, evaluation is finding out the Simply defined, evaluation is finding out the value of something.value of something.

9.9. It is a systematic process of determining the It is a systematic process of determining the extent to which instructional objectives have been extent to which instructional objectives have been achieved by the learner.achieved by the learner.

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PrinciplesPrinciples of of EEvaluationvaluationBeing able to define evaluations not enough. Being able to define evaluations not enough.

The instructor needs to know and understand the The instructor needs to know and understand the application of the principles of evaluation.application of the principles of evaluation.

John Dewey and EL thomdike started them in John Dewey and EL thomdike started them in various writing on the modern principals of various writing on the modern principals of evaluation and it is seen to stem from one of the evaluation and it is seen to stem from one of the reports from the eight-year study.reports from the eight-year study.

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PrinciplesPrinciples (Conti..) (Conti..)1.1. Evaluation should be in terms of the objectives Evaluation should be in terms of the objectives

(the desired outcomes)(the desired outcomes)2.2. Evaluation must be in terms of observed worker Evaluation must be in terms of observed worker

behaviour.behaviour.3.3. Evaluation should take into consideration the Evaluation should take into consideration the

behaviour that is appropriate for the stage of behaviour that is appropriate for the stage of involvement. Which the target has been involvement. Which the target has been achieved.achieved.

4.4. Evaluation should be a continuing process. Evaluation should be a continuing process.

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PrinciplesPrinciples (Conti..) (Conti..)5.5. Evaluation takes into consideration the stage of Evaluation takes into consideration the stage of

growth and development which the health growth and development which the health authority has reached.authority has reached.

6.6. Evaluation should include all who participate in Evaluation should include all who participate in the educational programme. the educational programme.

7.7. Evaluation should be stimulating force leading to Evaluation should be stimulating force leading to definite improvement. definite improvement.

8.8. Evaluation should be in terms of units Evaluation should be in terms of units appropriate to the behaviour being measured.appropriate to the behaviour being measured.

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Need for evaluationNeed for evaluationEvery administrator of a large, medium, or small Every administrator of a large, medium, or small health institutions has to concern with the efficiency health institutions has to concern with the efficiency and effectiveness of health care. and effectiveness of health care. • It involves measurements of adequacy, efficacy, It involves measurements of adequacy, efficacy,

effectiveness and efficiency of the services being effectiveness and efficiency of the services being evaluated.evaluated.

• It renders the possible reallocation of priority changes It renders the possible reallocation of priority changes in the assessment of needs, the planning and in the assessment of needs, the planning and implementation of care and management of resources.implementation of care and management of resources.

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PP urpose of urpose ofEvaluationEvaluation

1.1. To find out the extent to which the objectives of To find out the extent to which the objectives of a course/ programme have been achieved or a course/ programme have been achieved or being achieved.being achieved.

2.2. To examine if the course contents are relevant To examine if the course contents are relevant and fulfilling the objectives.and fulfilling the objectives.

3.3. To assess the efficacyTo assess the efficacy4.4. To study the extent of the participationTo study the extent of the participation5.5. To assess general atmosphere, placement, To assess general atmosphere, placement,

physical arrangements, and duration.physical arrangements, and duration.10

PP ( ..)urpose Conti ( ..)urpose Conti

6.6. To see that the instructions are conducted in a manner To see that the instructions are conducted in a manner consistent with the system as it is planned and consistent with the system as it is planned and designed.designed.

7.7. To decide about making necessary changes in the To decide about making necessary changes in the educational activities of the present and future educational activities of the present and future courses.courses.

8.8. To determine the progress a students is making To determine the progress a students is making towards achieving the goals.towards achieving the goals.

9.9. To help the individual maintain strengths and To help the individual maintain strengths and eliminate weaknesses.eliminate weaknesses.

10.10. Help the teacher to improve her teaching.Help the teacher to improve her teaching.11

PP ( ..)urpose Conti ( ..)urpose Conti11.11.Determining the worth of the undertaking in Determining the worth of the undertaking in

generalgeneral

12.12.For clarifying and defining the objectives.For clarifying and defining the objectives.

13.13.Developing more reliable instruments for Developing more reliable instruments for evaluation.evaluation.

14.14.Motivating the personnel.Motivating the personnel.

15.15.Providing psychological security for the Providing psychological security for the students, staff, and community.students, staff, and community.

16.16.Providing certification to meet legal Providing certification to meet legal requirements.requirements. 12

Uses of Programme Evaluation Uses of Programme Evaluation in Nursing Educationin Nursing Education

1.1. To determine the achievement of educational To determine the achievement of educational objectives.objectives.

2.2. Provides basis for further improvement or Provides basis for further improvement or modification.modification.

3.3. Helps to find out the effectiveness of the Helps to find out the effectiveness of the programme.programme.

4.4. Helps to identify the efficiency of the programme.Helps to identify the efficiency of the programme.

5.5. Evaluation of resource availability helps to Evaluation of resource availability helps to overcome the duplication of the programme. overcome the duplication of the programme.

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Uses (Conti..)Uses (Conti..)6.6. Elicit co-ordination with adjacent department in Elicit co-ordination with adjacent department in

implementing the programme.implementing the programme.7.7. Identify the lack of co-ordination between nursing Identify the lack of co-ordination between nursing

education and services aspects, supervision and education and services aspects, supervision and guidance in practical area helps to attain effective guidance in practical area helps to attain effective knowledge by enhanced patient care.knowledge by enhanced patient care.

8.8. Process evaluation helps to correct the defect Process evaluation helps to correct the defect whenever necessary.whenever necessary.

9.9. Increases motivation of the student teacher activities.Increases motivation of the student teacher activities.10.10. Provides feedback for further planning in Provides feedback for further planning in

modification of the programme.modification of the programme.14

The Process of Evaluation The Process of Evaluation SStepsteps

The process of evaluation involves the following The process of evaluation involves the following steps;steps;

1.1. Formation of the 0bjectives of educational or Formation of the 0bjectives of educational or programme.programme.

2.2. Selection and stating objectives in terms of Selection and stating objectives in terms of behaviour modifications.behaviour modifications.

3.3. Imparting learning experiences in accordance with Imparting learning experiences in accordance with the objectives.the objectives.

4.4. Devising tools of evaluation in accordance with the Devising tools of evaluation in accordance with the objectives and learning experiences.objectives and learning experiences. 15

Process of Evaluation Process of Evaluation( ..)Conti( ..)Conti

5.5. Arriving results by using the above tools.Arriving results by using the above tools.

6.6. Interpretation of the results.Interpretation of the results.

7.7. Modifications to be suggested.Modifications to be suggested.

I.I. Who are all to be involved?Who are all to be involved?

II.II. What are the purposes?What are the purposes?

III.III. What is to be evaluated?What is to be evaluated?

IV.IV. How the evaluation to be proceeded?How the evaluation to be proceeded?

V.V. When should evaluation occur?When should evaluation occur?16

Fig: - Evaluation Fig: - Evaluation processprocess

Set

goals

Makes activitiesOperational

Determine goalMeasurement

Identify goal-

attaining activities

Measure s goal

effect

Evaluate Programme Goals

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General steps of evaluationGeneral steps of evaluation The basic steps involved are as follows:The basic steps involved are as follows:

1.1.Determine what is to be evaluated.Determine what is to be evaluated.

2.2.Establish standards and criteria.Establish standards and criteria.

3.3.Plan the methodology to be applied.Plan the methodology to be applied.

4.4.Gather information.Gather information.

5.5.Analyse the results.Analyse the results.

6.6.Take action.Take action.

7.7.Re-evaluate.Re-evaluate.

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