Evaluation of Guided Wave

Equipment and Personnel

Jim Carswell and Mark Rosa

16/9/2015

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- Overview GW Theory

- Saudi Aramco Technology Implementation Practice

- Test Pipe Design

- Equipment Evaluation

- Case Study

- Conclusion

Outline

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Saudi Aramco: Public

Guided wave

• One of the latest UT methods

• Utilizes mechanical waves

• Propagates along elongated

structures

• Waves guided by the boundaries

of material.

Theory

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Guided wave

• Fundamentally different than

conventional UT

Theory

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Guided Wave

• First studied in 1920’s in

seismology

• Increased effort in 1990’s to

study GW for cylindrical

structures

• Demand for technology with

increased inspection speed.

•

Theory

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Saudi Aramco: Public

Vast network of supply and distribution

pipelines

• Ageing, some in service 30+ years

• Buried, sub-sea and above ground

Various types of deterioration develop. Need to

be detected and evaluated.

Each application presents inspection challenges

General

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A team of SA engineers recently developed a

list of NDT methods utilized for non-scrappable

pipelines from all available sources including:

• Deployed technologies

• Conferences

• Networking

• The internet

General

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Technology Trade Name Validated ( Report Number) Technology Website NDT Method(s) Employed Service ProviderInspect Pipe (Above

Grade/Underground/Road Crossing/Insulated) Pipe Dia Range (IN) Temperature Range(° C) Insp Through Coatings/Lining/Insulation

Inspection from Internal

or External

INVISTA SAER 6267-10http://www.questintegrity.com/technology/invista-in-line-

inspection-toolILI-UT Quest Integrity Group ALL 3-24 0-70 Epoxy Coating Internal

PigLet IP

http://www.a-hak-

is.com/en/home/what_we_do/markets/pipelines/pipeline_i

nspection_services/non_piggable_pipeline_inspection

ILI-UT A.Hak Industrial Services ALL 4-60 0-70 Epoxy Coating Internal

In-line Inspection-3P http://www.3p-services.com/?page_id=383 ILI-MFL/UT 3P Services ALL 2-48 0-70 Epoxy Coating Internal

Geometric Inspection Pigs-GIPhttp://www.pipeway.com/skins/pipeway/standard.aspx?eli

d=85MFL Pipeway International Above Grade 4-46 0-50 Epoxy Coating External

Robotic Pipe Scanner(RPS) MFL Rosen Group Above Grade 6-12 (-10) - 50 Epoxy Coating External

gPIMS http://www.guided-ultrasonics.com/portfolio/pims/ Guided Wave Guided Ultrasonics ltd ALL up to 24 (-20) - 150 Epoxy Coating External

MsS http://www.swri.org/4org/d14/NDEDept/home.htm Guided Wave Southwest Research Institute Above Grade 2-60 (-20) - 151 Epoxy Coating External

Rapid Motion Scanner (RMS) SAER 6287-10http://www.silverwingndt.com/ultrasonic-testing/rms2-aut-

corrosion-mappingUT Silverwing Above Ground >8 0-70 Epoxy Coating External

Rightrax SAER 6479-13http://www.ge-mcs.com/microsites/rightrax/rightrax-

system.htmlUT GE ALL ALL 0-120 Epoxy Coating External

Pocket UT SAER 6194-08http://www.mistrasgroup.com/services/advancedndt/aut/p

ocketut.aspxUT Mistras Above Ground ALL 0-70 Epoxy Coating External

HPCM SAER 6211-09 Not available UT Saudi Aramco ALL All 0-100 Epoxy Coating External

LPCMS SAER 6480-13 UT Mistras Above Grade 6-48 0-70 Epoxy Coating External

LIXI Profiler http://nh3pipe.com/ RT Gamma Graphics Services Above Grade <14 N/A Insulation /Epoxy Coating External

Openvision SAER 6371-11 http://www.openvision.us/ RT Openvision Above Grade 2-12 N/A Insulation /Epoxy Coating External

IXS SAER 6477-12 http://vjt.com/vje/x-ray-products/ RT VJ Technologies Inc Above Grade 2-6 N/A Insulation /Epoxy Coating External

Betatron http://vjt.com/vje/x-ray-products/ RT VJ Technologies Inc Above Grade12-24 (equvelent to 7"

thick steel)N/A Insulation /Epoxy Coating External

LINAC RT Above Grade24-48 (equvelent to 17"

thick steel)N/A Insulation /Epoxy Coating/lining External

ARTEMIS http://www.halfwave.com/technology/ TOF/ART Halfwave Subsea 6-24 Epoxy Coating External

ART Scan http://www.halfwave.com/technology/ ART Halfwave ALL 30 Epoxy Coating Internal

PS 2000 http://testex-ndt.com/products/ps-2000-inspection-

system/LFE TesTex Above Grade >2 0-50 C Epoxy Coating External

CalScan EP None

http://site.ge-

energy.com/prod_serv/serv/pipeline/en/insp_srvcs/crack_d

etection/index.htm

ILI -Calipers GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions ALL 6-56" 0-60 C Coating Internal

CalScan XR None

http://site.ge-

energy.com/prod_serv/serv/pipeline/en/insp_srvcs/crack_d

etection/index.htm

ILI -Calipers GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions ALL 6-56" 0-60 C Coating Internal

MagneScan HR/SHR None

http://site.ge-

energy.com/prod_serv/serv/pipeline/en/insp_srvcs/crack_d

etection/index.htm

ILI -Magnetics (MFL) GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions ALL 6" upwards 0-40 C Coating Internal

SmartScan None

http://site.ge-

energy.com/prod_serv/serv/pipeline/en/insp_srvcs/crack_d

etection/index.htm

ILI -Magnetics (MFL) GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions ALL 20-30" 0-60 C Coating Internal

TranScan TFI None

http://site.ge-

energy.com/prod_serv/serv/pipeline/en/insp_srvcs/crack_d

etection/index.htm

ILI -Magnetics (MFL) GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions ALL 12-56" 0-40 C Coating Internal

UltraScan WM Nonehttps://www.geoilandgas.com/pipeline-storage/pipeline-

integrity-services

ILI -Ultrasonics (Phased

Array)GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions ALL 6-60" 4-70 C Coating Internal

UltraScan Duo None

http://site.ge-

energy.com/prod_serv/serv/pipeline/en/insp_srvcs/metal_l

oss/ultrascan_duo/index.htm

ILI -Ultrasonics GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions ALL 24-48" 0-60 C Coating Internal

UltraScan CD Nonehttps://www.geoilandgas.com/pipeline-storage/pipeline-

integrity-servicesILI -Ultrasonics GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions ALL 16-34" 0-60 C Coating Internal

EmatSCan Nonehttps://www.geoilandgas.com/pipeline-storage/pipeline-

integrity-servicesILI -Ultrasonics (EMAT) GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions ALL 24-36" 10-50 C Coating Internal

Elastic Wave Nonehttps://www.geoilandgas.com/pipeline-storage/pipeline-

integrity-servicesILI -Ultrasonics (UT) GE Oil & Gas, PII Pipeline Solutions ALL 20-48" -1-40 C Coating Internal

EMAT Circumferential Scanner Nonehttp://www.mistrasgroup.com/products/technologies/elect

romagnetics.aspxEMAT Mistras Group Above grade, elevated with access 1-36" 0-600 C Coating External

LIDAR None http://advancedaerialservices.com/services/pipeline-

inspection/LIDAR Advanced Aerial Services Above ground Underground all all buried coating External

Spectrum XLI None http://www.hm-services.com/index.php/products pure HM laser + infrared buried pipes all all coating buried External

LASEN None http://www.lasen.com/?q=content/technology-

performance-resultsLIDAR DIAL buried pipes all all leak External

General

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Pipeline Inspection Technology at Saudi Aramco

In line Inspection Tools (ITI)

Infrared Thermography

Phased Array

Time-of-Flight Diffraction (ToFD)

Manual UT

Robotic Video Crawler

Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT)

Corrosion Mapping

All require scanning movement and/or line-of-sight with pipe.

Linear Accelerator

Remote Borescope

LIXI Profiler

Gas Finder

Step-Wise Crack

Examination

General

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Guided Wave

A qualitative tool for screening

pipe mainly for corrosion.

Indications require verification with

another NDT method.

• Technology can be permanent

• Portable

• Above ground pipe

• Buried pipe

• Soil/air interfaces

General

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Guided Wave

• Waves generally grouped

into three categories.

• Longitudinal (a)

• Torsional (b)

• Flexural (c)

General

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Torsional

• Spiral wave

General

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Qualification of GW Personnel

Guided Wave

• Technology is increasingly being utilized

• Saudi Aramco SAEP 1142 (ASNT CP 189)

oRecognizes GW without specifics

oASNT CP-189 standard - does not address

GW

oGap in qualification

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Guided wave

• Currently utilize mfg training recommendation

• Absence of guidance – currently developing

training / experience reqts as we study this

method.

• Saudi Aramco WI for proctoring examinations

70-WI-10-OID

Qualification of GW Personnel

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Guided Wave Equipment Assessment

Constructed two pipeso 8” dia seamless pipe

o 42” dia Spiral welded pipe

Fabricated at SA operating facilities

Equipment Evaluation

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0°

180°

90°

-90°

-180°

0 m 12 m

3 m, 2%

8 m, 7%

4.5 m, 3%

5.5 m, 4%

9 m, 9%

9.5 m, 10%

6.5 m, 6%

11 m, 12%

Equipment Evaluation

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Design 42”

Equipment Evaluation

Installed

• Series of holes

• Notch

• Scallops

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Design 42”

Equipment Evaluation

Installed

• series of holes

• Notch

• Scallops

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Design 42”

Equipment Evaluation

Equipment Trial and Case Study

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Agenda

• Guided Wave Field Trials

• NGL Plant

• Seawater Injection Plant Pipeline

Copyright OGNI 2015

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Saudi Aramco: Public

Spiral-welded Validation on Mockup Pipe at NGL Plant

Defect

IndexDefect Type

Cross-

sectional Wall

Loss (%)

1. Scallop 10.09

2. Cluster of Holes 2.75

3. Notch 3.06

4. Scallop 3.44

5. Cluster of Holes 3.67

6. Scallop 3.44

Mockup Sample Pipe at NGL Welding Shop

Copyright OGNI 2015

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Installed Defect Specifications

Defect No. & Type

Defect Location

(Measured in +ve Direction)

Defect Location

(Measured in -ve

Direction)

Length Dimensions Depth Dimensions

Start Distance

(From Start of

Pipe)

[mm]

End Distance

(From Start

of Pipe)

[mm]

Start

Distance

(From End

of Pipe)

[mm]

End

Distance

(From End

of Pipe)

[mm]

Circum-

ferential

Length

[mm]

Axial Length

[mm]

Min

[mm]

Max

[mm]

X-sectional

Wall Loss

(%)

Local Wall

Thickness

Loss (%)

1. Scallop 2310 2500 10980 11170585

550

180

1504 5 10.09 60

2.Cluster of

Holes3200 3430 10050 10270 210 240 7 10 2.75 80

3. Notch 7445 NA 6030 NA210

2504.5 3.6 4 3.06 40

4. Scallop 7495 7670 5790 5970240

270

140

1706.5 7 3.44 50

5.Cluster of

Holes9680 9975 3500 3800 330 300 7 8 3.67 80

6. Scallop 11060 11240 2245 2415350

310

180

1505 6 3.44 50

Spiral-welded Validation on Mockup Pipe at NGL Plant

Copyright OGNI 2015

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Piezoelectric Technique

Defect Index

Defect Summary Defect

Detection

(Upstream

Direction)

Defect

Detection

(Downstream

Direction)

DefectCross-sectional

Wall Loss (%)

1. Scallop 10.09 YES YES

2. Cluster of Holes 2.75 NO NO

3. Notch 3.06 YES NO

4. Scallop 3.44 NO YES

5. Cluster of Holes 3.67 NO YES

6. Scallop 3.44 YES YES

Spiral-welded Validation on Mockup Pipe at NGL Plant

Magnetostrictive Sensor

Defect Index

Defect Summary Defect

Detection

(Upstream

Direction)

Defect

Detection

(Upstream

Direction)

DefectCross-sectional

Wall Loss (%)

1. Scallop 10.09 YES NO

2. Cluster of Holes 2.75 YES NO

3. Notch 3.06 YES YES

4. Scallop 3.44 YES NO

5. Cluster of Holes 3.67 NO NO

6. Scallop 3.44 NO NO

Copyright OGNI 2015

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Saudi Aramco: Public

Pipe Size, Thickness

Product,

Operating

Pressure

Length

(Crossing

Road)

External/ Internal

Coating

Sleeve or Pipe

Conductor

Spiral or

Seam-weldedHighway Crossing

42”⌀, t=0.625”

under road, 0.375”

before/ after road

Treated

seawater,

approx. 300 psi

Approx. 70

meters

FBE/FBE under road

APCS-113A/FBE away

from road

N/A Spiral-weldedOne-lane public road,

off main highway

Spiral-welded, Buried Pipe Under Road Crossing at Sea

Water Injection Facility

Copyright OGNI 2015

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Spiral-welded, Buried Pipe Under Road Crossing at Sea

Water Injection Facility

Upstream Test Hole, Transfer Line Downstream Test Hole, Transfer Line

Copyright OGNI 2015

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Spiral-welded, Buried Pipe Under Road Crossing at Sea

Water Injection Facility

Copyright OGNI 2015

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• Test hole 2 post-inspection

excavation

• Location of unexpected girth weld

shown with respect to location of

GW sensors

• Majority of area between weld and

sensor was covered with soil

during inspection

Spiral-welded, Buried Pipe Under Road Crossing at Sea

Water Injection Facility

Copyright OGNI 2015

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• Both service providers were able to find significant defects

• Technologies may be complimentary as each found different defects

• Over-reporting of defect severity and false calls was an issue

• The potential for high sensitivity of technology was demonstrated

• Need for high skill and experience of equipment operator underscored

Condition Coating / Tape Wrap Buried Sleeved Range (meters) Sensitivity / Confidence

1. None No No 100+ High / High

2. FBE Yes Yes 50+ High / High

3. FBE Yes No 5 – 10 Moderate / Low

4. Tape Wrap Yes No 2 – 5 Low / Low

Field Trial Conclusion

Guided Wave Inspection Range Based on Pipe Condition

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Conclusion

Copyright OGNI 2015

Advanced Long Range Ultrasonic NDT systems

(equipment, personnel and procedure) can be utilized

as part of a pipeline assessment program to

detect/monitor corrosion.

Examination results can support operations in

forecasting and planning pipeline repairs and

replacement.

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THANK YOU