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Evaluation of seed treatments for control of crucifer and striped flea beetles in canola
Bob Elliott, Larry Mann, Julie Soroka and Scott Hartley
Saskatoon Research CentreAgriculture & Agri-Food Canada
Outline
1. Background and key issues 2. Evaluation of seed treatments in lab bioassays on CFB and SFB
- effect of temperature and moisture on efficacy3. Evaluation of treatments in field trials
- efficacy and agronomic benefits of neonicotinoids against CFB- efficacy and benefits of neonicotinoids, diamides and mixtures against
SFB and CFB4. Monitoring spring and summer flea beetle populations to select the most
appropriate seed treatment
Flea Beetle Species Commonly Found in Canola on the Prairies
Photo credit: A. Nemecz, AAFC Beaverlodge, AB
hop flea beetle,Psylliodes punctulata
striped flea beetle,Phyllotreta striolata
crucifer flea beetle,Phyllotreta cruciferae
Species Distribution
Striped and hop flea beetles dominant in Parkland, boreal Transitions and Peace Lowland
In Saskatoon area (field studies) striped fb is now the dominant species
Seed treatment Insecticide (g/100kg seed) Fungicides Company
1. Gaucho CS FL® 400-600g imidacloprid carbathiin, thiram Bayer
2. Sombrero® 400-800g imidacloprid - ADAMA
3. Prosper FX® 400g clothianidin carbathiin, trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl Bayer
4. Poncho 600 FS® 150-400g clothianidin - Bayer
5. Helix® 200g thiamethoxam difenoconazole, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M Syngenta
6. Helix XTra® 400g thiamethoxam difenoconazole, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M Syngenta
Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments (NST) Registered for Flea Beetle Control on Canola in Canada (2002-2013)
Seed treatment Insecticide (g/100kg seed) Fungicides Company
Diamides
1. Lumiderm® 600-1000 g cyantraniliprole Evergol group DuPont
2. Fortenza® 800 g cyantraniliprole Vibrance group Syngenta
Diamide/neonic mixtures
1. Lumiderm + Prosper Evergol cyantraniliprole + clothianidin penflufen, prothioconazole, metalaxyl, trifloxystrobin DuPont
2. Lumiderm + Helix XTra cyantraniliprole + thiamethoxam difenoconazole, metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil DuPont
3. Fortenza + Helix Vibrance cyantraniliprole + thiamethoxam difenoconazole, metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, sedaxane Syngenta
New Seed Treatments Registered for Control of Flea Beetles on Canola in Canada (2014-2015)
Major Issues & Concerns
• confusion as to what type of seed treatment (neonicotinoid, diamide or mixture) should be used?
• depends on what flea beetle species are present and their relative abundance
• limited information on key factors influencing efficacy• also limited information on geographic distribution of flea beetles• this information will be critical to selecting the most appropriate
seed treatment in the future • urgent need to implement a monitoring program for flea beetles in
commercial canola fields
Relative abundance of crucifer, striped and hop flea beetles emerging from early-seeded (left) and late-seeded
(right) canola at AAFC-Saskatoon in 2004-2015
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Pro
porti
on o
f tot
al e
mer
ging
flea
bee
tles
crucifer striped hop
Weekly flea beetle counts on yellow sticky cards at AAFC-Saskatoon in 2015
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
16 23 30 06 13 20 27 04 11 18 25 01 08 15 22 29 05 12
cruciferstripedhop
Collection week midpoint
Flea
bee
tles
/car
d /w
eek
May June July August September
springpopulation
summerpopulation
Laboratory Bioassays
• lab studies focused on the effect of temperature and soil moisture on efficacy of seed treatments against flea beetles
• flea beetles collected from commercial fields near Saskatoon- SFB collected along canola swaths (late April – mid May)- CFB collected from non-crop areas (mid May – early June)
• beetles reared in lab for 7-10 days• starved 16-18 hours before testing • evaluated neonicotinoids, diamides and mixtures on hybrid canola in
2011 and 2012
• seeds planted in plastic cones containing an artificial medium• grown at two moisture regimes
- ‘dry conditions’ (2 ml water/cone/day; 20-30% moisture)- ‘wet conditions’ (6 ml water/cone/day; >70% moisture)
• grown for 7 days at 20/15ºC and 16L/8D photoperiod• seedlings (cotyledon stage) transferred into bioassay cages in
growth chambers set at 10, 20 or 30ºC
Methodology
Bioassay Cages• each cage contained 10 seedlings from a
particular treatment• 20 crucifer or 20 striped flea beetles
added to each cage (2 beetles/seedling)• seedlings watered daily to maintain dry or
wet conditions• assessments
- damage to cotyledons (24, 48 and 72 h)- flea beetle mortality (72 h)- seedling weight (72 h)
• factorial design with four replicates
2011 Lab Bioassays • lab bioassays included 10 treatments
- check treatments (bare seed, Tribune – only fungicides)- neonicotinoids (Helix, Gaucho CS FL, Prosper FX, Helix XTra) - diamides (Lumiderm, Fortenza)- experimental treatment (EX)- mixture (Lumiderm + Prosper)
• seed treatments ranked on the basis of four criteria- control flea beetles (72 h), - reduce feeding damage (24 and 72 h)- improve seedling weight (72 h)
• rankings based on LSD comparisons rather than actual values
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
20
40
60
80
100
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX Lumiderm L+Prosper
% M
orta
lity
-72h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
- mortality on check plants (bare and Tribune) averaged 2-5%- in other treatments, mortality lowest at 10ºC and highest at 30ºC- mortality at 10, 20 and 30ºC, higher in dry soil than in wet soil- Helix, Prosper, Helix XTra and Lumiderm + Prosper mix provided the
best control (*) in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC
**
**
**
*
*
CFB mortality in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
20
40
60
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX Lumiderm L+Prosper
% D
amag
e -7
2h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
* * *
CFB feeding damage in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)
- feeding damage to check plants (bare and Tribune) in wet and dry soil averaged 4-6% at 10ºC, 13-15% at 20ºC and 30-45% at 30ºC
- best treatments (*) reduced feeding damage in dry and wet soil to 3-4% at 10ºC, 4-5% at 20ºC and 5-7% at 30ºC
* * * **
**
*
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
50100150200250300350
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX Lumiderm L+Prosper
Wei
ght -
72h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
** * *
** * *
Shoot weight after 72h exposure to CFB in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)- shoot weights increased with higher temperatures- shoot weights at each temperature were higher in wet soil than in dry soil- compared to Tribune, best treatments (*) improved shoot weights in wet
and dry soil by 15-35% at 20ºC and 50-120% at 30ºC
***
Ranking of seed treatments in CFB bioassays in wet and dry soil at three temperatures in 20111
Seed treatment
Control (% mortality)
Protection (damage 24/72h)
Shoot weight Overall
wet dry wet dry wet dry wet drybare 9 10 9 10 10 9 9 10Tribune 9 9 10 9 9 9 10 9Gaucho CS FL 7 7 5 3 8 1 7 5Helix 4 4 7 5 6 1 4 4Prosper FX (P) 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 2
Helix XTra 2 1 3 2 5 1 3 1Fortenza 6 7 4 6 3 1 4 7EX 8 5 8 7 6 1 8 6Lumiderm (L) 5 6 5 7 3 1 4 7L & P mix 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 31 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
20
40
60
80
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX Lumiderm L+P mix
% M
orta
lity
-72h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
*
* *
*
* *
*
SFB mortality in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)
- mortality on check plants (bare and Tribune) averaged 2-4%- mortality in other treatments was highest at 30ºC- mortality also higher in dry soil than in wet soil- Prosper, Fortenza, EX, Lumiderm and Lumiderm + Prosper mix
provided the best control in wet soil- Helix XTra, EX and Lumiderm + Prosper mix provided the
best control in dry soil
*
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
20
40
60
80
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX Lumiderm L+P mix
% D
amag
e -7
2h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
SFB feeding damage in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)
- feeding damage to check plants (bare and Tribune) in wet and dry soil averaged 5-8% at 10ºC, 17-27% at 20ºC and 50-75% at 30ºC
- best treatments (*) reduced damage in wet and dry soil to 3-4% at 10ºC, 6-13% at 20ºC and 8-30% at 30ºC
- unlike check plants, damage usually higher in wet soil than in dry soil
* ** *
**
***
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
50
100
150
200
250
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX Lumiderm L+P mix
Wei
ght -
72h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
* * **
Shoot weight after 72h exposure to SFB in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2011)
- shoot weights increased with higher temperatures- shoot weights at each temperature were higher in wet soil than in dry soil- compared to Tribune, best treatments (*) improved shoot weights in wet soil
by 20-40% at 20ºC and weights in wet and dry soil by 70-200% at 30ºC
**
* *
Ranking of seed treatments in SFB bioassays in wet and dry soil at three temperatures in 20111
Seed treatment
Control (% mortality)
Protection (damage 24/72h)
Shoot weight Overall
wet dry wet dry wet dry wet drybare 10 9 8 9 9 9 9 9Tribune 7 10 10 10 10 9 10 10Gaucho CS FL 7 8 7 3 7 4 7 6Helix 5 6 9 8 7 7 8 7Prosper FX (P) 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 4
Helix XTra 7 2 6 2 5 2 6 2Fortenza 2 4 1 6 2 8 1 5EX 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 1Lumiderm (L) 5 7 5 7 1 6 3 8L & P mix 2 3 2 3 4 3 4 31 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values.
Moisture regime Year crucifer flea beetles striped flea beetles
wet 2011
Lumiderm + Prosper ; Prosper; Helix XTra;Lumiderm; Fortenza;
Helix (3-10% damage)
Lumiderm + Prosper Prosper
(28-31% damage)
dry 2011
Helix XTra; Prosper; Lumiderm + Prosper;
Helix; Gaucho; Lumiderm; Fortenza
(4-7% damage)
Helix XTra; Prosper;Lumiderm + Prosper
(13-20% damage)
Top-Ranking Treatments in 2011 Lab Bioassays1
1 Feeding damage to the cotyledons after 72 h shown in parentheses. Only registered treatments that reduced damage to near or below the economic threshold for spraying (25-30%) are listed.
2012 Lab Bioassays• bioassays in 2012 included 10 treatments
- check treatments (bare seed and Tribune)- neonicotinoids (Helix, Gaucho, Prosper FX and Helix XTra) - diamide (Fortenza)- experimental treatment (EX)- mixtures (Fortenza + XTra, EX + XTra)
• seed treatments ranked on the basis of their ability to- control flea beetles (72 h), - reduce feeding damage (24 and 72 h)- improve seedling weight (72 h)
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
20
40
60
80
100
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX 1 F+XTra EX 2
% M
orta
lity
-72h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
CFB mortality in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)
- mortality on check plants (bare and Tribune) averaged 1-5%- mortality in other treatments increased with higher temperatures- mortality at each temperature was higher in dry soil than in wet soil- Prosper, Helix XTra, Fortenza + XTra mix and EX + XTra mix provided
the best control in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC
* **
**
**
*
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
20
40
60
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX 1 F+XTra EX 2
% D
amag
e -7
2h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
***
CFB feeding damage in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)
- feeding damage to check plants (bare and Tribune) in wet and dry soil averaged 4-5% at 10ºC, 10-12% at 20ºC and 22-50% at 30ºC
- best treatments (*) reduced damage in wet and dry soil to 2-3% at 10ºC, 3-5% at 20ºC and 4-7% at 30ºC
* * * * ** *
* *
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
50100150200250300350
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX 1 F+XTra EX 2
Wei
ght -
72h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
Shoot weight after 72h exposure to CFB in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)- shoot weights improved with higher temperatures- shoot weights at each temperature were higher in wet soil than in dry soil- compared to Tribune, best treatments (*) improved shoot weights in wet
and dry soil by 15-40% at 20ºC and by 20-130% at 30ºC
* * * * *
* * * **
*
*
Ranking of seed treatments in CFB bioassays in wet and dry soil at three temperatures in 2012 1
Seed treatment
Control (% mortality)
Protection (damage 24/72h)
Fresh weight Overall
wet dry wet dry wet dry wet drybare 10 10 9 9 8 9 9 9Tribune 9 9 10 9 8 10 10 10Gaucho CS FL 7 6 6 6 7 8 7 6Helix 5 5 7 5 4 4 6 4Prosper FX 2 4 1 3 4 5 2 5
Helix XTra 2 1 3 3 1 2 2 3Fortenza (F) 6 7 4 7 4 5 5 6EX 1 8 7 8 8 8 7 8 8F + XTra mix 2 1 4 1 1 3 4 1EX 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 11 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values.
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
20
40
60
80
100
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX 1 F+XTra EX 2
% M
orta
lity
-72h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
**
*
SFB mortality in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)
- mortality on check plants (bare and Tribune) averaged 1-4%- mortality in other treatments higher at 30ºC than at 10º or 20ºC- mortality also higher in dry soil than in wet soil- EX, Fortenza + XTra mix and EX + XTra mix provided the best control
in dry soil at 20ºC and 30ºC
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
20
40
60
80
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX 1 F+XTra EX 2
% D
amag
e -7
2h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
* * ** * *
** *
SFB feeding damage in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)
- feeding damage to check plants in wet and dry soil averaged 6-7% at 10ºC, 12-22% at 20ºC and 30-65% at 30ºC
- best treatments (*) reduced damage in wet and dry soil to 4-5% at 10ºC, 7-11% at 20ºC and 7-19% at 30ºC
- unlike check plants, damage was higher in wet soil than in dry soil
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry0
50100150200250300350
bare Tribune Gaucho Helix Prosper XTra Fortenza EX 1 F+XTra EX 2
Wei
ght -
72h
10˚C wet/dry20˚C wet/dry30˚C wet/dry
Seed treatment
*
*
*
*
Shoot weight after 72h exposure to SFB in wet and dry soil at 10, 20 and 30ºC (2012)
- shoot weights increased with higher temperatures- shoot weights at each temperature were higher in wet soil than in dry soil- compared to Tribune, best treatments (*) improved shoot weights in dry soil
by 20-40% at 20ºC and weights in wet and dry soil by 15-270% at 30ºC
*
* * * *
Ranking of seed treatments in SFB bioassays in wet and dry soil at three temperatures in 20121
Seed treatment
Control (% mortality)
Protection (damage 24/72h)
Fresh weight Overall
wet dry wet dry wet dry wet drybare 1 10 9 9 9 9 9 10Tribune 1 9 10 9 9 9 10 9Gaucho CS FL 1 7 7 4 8 8 7 7Helix 1 8 8 8 2 6 8 7Prosper FX (P) 1 4 5 4 2 4 5 4
Helix XTra 1 6 6 6 2 4 6 5Fortenza (F) 1 4 1 7 2 7 1 6EX 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 4 2F + XTra mix 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 3EX 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 11 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values.
Moisture regime Year crucifer flea beetles striped flea beetles
wet 2012
Prosper; Helix XTra; Fortenza + Helix XTra;
Fortenza; Gaucho; Helix
(4-9% damage)
Fortenza;Fortenza + Helix XTra;Prosper; Helix XTra;
(4-19% damage)
dry 2012
Fortenza + XTra; Helix XTra; Helix; Prosper; Gaucho;
Fortenza; (4-7% damage)
Fortenza + Helix XTra; Prosper; Helix XTra;
(7-13% damage)
Top-Ranking Treatments in 2012 Lab Bioassays1
1 Feeding damage to the cotyledons after 72 h shown in parentheses. Only registered treatments that reduced damage to near or below the economic threshold for spraying (25%) are listed.
Ranking Wet soil Dry soil
Tier 1
Prosper;Helix XTra;
Lumiderm + Prosper mix; Fortenza + Helix XTra mix
(3-6% damage)
Prosper;Helix XTra; Helix;
Lumiderm + Prosper mix,Fortenza + Helix XTra mix
(3-5% damage)
Tier 2
Gaucho;Fortenza;
Helix; Lumiderm (n/a)(4-10% damage)
Gaucho;Fortenza;
Lumiderm (n/a)(4-7% damage)
Top-Ranking Treatments in Lab Bioassays on CFB1
1 In most assays at 20ºC and 30ºC, treatments in Tier 1 provided significantly better flea beetle control, better protection against feeding damage and/or greater improvement in seedling growth than treatments in Tier 2. n/a = not available commercially.
Ranking Wet soil Dry soil
Tier 1
Lumiderm + Prosper mix; Fortenza + Helix XTra mix
(4-28% damage)
Lumiderm + Prosper mix;Fortenza + Helix XTra mix;
Prosper; Helix XTra(5-20% damage)
Tier 2
ProsperFortenza;Helix XTra
(4-34% damage)
Gaucho;Helix;
FortenzaLumiderm (n/a)
(5-35% damage)
Top-Ranking Treatments in Lab Bioassays on SFB1
1 In most assays at 20ºC and 30ºC, treatments in Tier 1 provided significantly better flea beetle control, better protection against feeding damage and/or greater improvement in seedling growth than treatments in Tier 2. n/a = not available commercially.
Seed Treatment Evaluations (2003-2015)• seed treatment evaluations conducted
annually since 2003 • seeding dates based on soil temperature• ‘early’ tests seeded May 10-18 (temp.
averaged 10ºC for 7-10 days)• ‘late’ tests seeded 12-14 days later
(May 22-June 1)• six-row plots (200 seeds per row; 30.5 cm
row-spacing)• RCB design with four replicates• temperature, rainfall and soil moisture
monitored throughout the growing season
Flea Beetle and Agronomic Assessments• yellow sticky cards used to monitor activity
of crucifer, striped and hop flea beetles throughout the growing season
• cards replaced weekly• flea beetle damage to cotyledons assessed
14, 18 and 21 DAS using 10-point scale• seedlings/row, shoot fresh weight, dry
matter and biomass (14, 21 and 28 DAS)
springpopulation
fallpopulation
Flea Beetle and Agronomic Assessments• vented cages used to monitor emergence of
summer generation of crucifer, striped and hop flea beetles
• cages placed over individual plants (pruned to 10-15 cm) in mid-July
• sticky strips below the lids were replaced weekly (mid-July until late September)
Seed Treatment Evaluations on CFB (2003-2011)
• CFB comprised 90-99% of the flea beetles in 2003-2010 • treatments
- check treatments (bare seed and Tribune)- neonicotinoids (Helix, Gaucho, Prosper FX and Helix XTra)
• wide range in growing conditions with respect to temperature, rainfall and soil moisture
• flea beetle damage ranged from 10-90% depending on the test
CFB damage to fungicide-treated hybrid canola in early-seeded plots in 2003-2010
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 mean
Feed
ing
dam
age
(%)
TreatmentDamage
(%)Stand est.
(%)Fresh wt. (g/plant)
Biomass (g/m-row)
Yield (g/m2)
bare 24.6a 63.9a 1173.9a 29.8a 224.3a
Tribune 24.7a 63.7a 1359.7ab 34.0a 221.4a
Gaucho CS FL 14.1b 82.3b 1673.1bc 47.6b 243.7bHelix 10.0c 80.1b 2018.5d 56.5c 258.5cdProsper FX 11.6c 81.3b 1873.1cd 53.0bc 255.8cHelix XTra 7.3c 82.0b 2008.8d 56.2c 266.0d- tests (P ≤ 0.05) 7/8 6/8 4/8 5/8 4/8- % benefit 10-17% 16-18% 23-48% 40-66% 10-20%
Effect of seed treatments on flea beetle damage and performance of early-seeded hybrid canola in 2003-20101
1 Percent benefit (reduction in damage or improvement in agronomic performance) with NST compared to Tribune. Damage and establishment assessed 21DAS. Fresh wt. and biomass assessed 28 DAS.
Variable 2005 2004 2010 2009 2007 2006 2008 2003 meancheck damage (%) 10.6 13.3 11.1 19.9 18.1 14.6 20.5 89.8 24.7
F-value yield NS NS NS *** *** * NS *** ***
yield increase (%) 0 0 0 10-15 19-31 0-9 0 >3000 10-20
Effect of neonicotinoid seed treatments on yield of early-seeded hybrid canola in 2003-2010
TreatmentDamage
(%)Stand est.
(%)Fresh wt. (g/plant)
Biomass (g/m-row)
Yield (g/m2)
bare 17.6a 72.5a 5016.5a 120.0a 421.6a
Tribune 16.0a 74.6a 6046.0a 147.5a 414.6a
Gaucho CS FL 14.6a 83.4b 6090.8a 170.4a 415.4a
Helix 14.8a 84.5b 7090.0a 191.2a 434.0a
Prosper FX 15.0a 84.0b 6121.0a 174.6a 419.3a
Helix XTra 13.6a 79.1ab 6619.0a 173.7a 425.4a% benefit 0% 0-10% 0% 0% 0%
Effect of NST on flea beetle damage and performance of hybrid canola in 2011 (62% SFB; cool wet conditions) 1
1 Percent benefit (reduction in damage or improvement in agronomic performance) with NST compared to Tribune. Damage and establishment assessed 21 DAS. Fresh wt. and biomass assessed 28 DAS.
Seed Treatment Evaluations on SFB (2013-2015)
• SFB most common species in all tests• seed treatments
- check treatments (bare seed and Tribune)- neonicotinoids (Helix, Gaucho, Prosper FX and Helix XTra) - diamide (Lumiderm, Fortenza)- experimental treatment (EX)- mixtures (Lumiderm, Fortenza or EX + Prosper or Helix XTra)
• seed treatments ranked on the basis of five criteria- reduce flea beetle damage (14 and 21 DAS)- improve stand establishment (21DAS), plant biomass (28 DAS)
and seed yield
Seed Treatment Evaluations (2013)
• warm dry May; cool wet June
• rainfall 15 mm below-normal in May and 2X normal in June
• soil moisture above-average (20-40%)
• low flea beetle populations (20-70 beetles/card/week)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
18 25 01 08 15 22
cruciferstripedhop
Collection week midpoint
Flea
bee
tles
/car
d/w
eek
SeededMay 22
Damage (DAS)14 19 21
May June
50-80% SFB
30% SFB
Damage - RR canola 2013
0
5
10
15
20
14 DAS
19 DAS
21 DAS
21 DAS19 DAS14 DAS
Seed treatment
Feed
ing
dam
age
(%)
a
aa
a
a
ab
de
bcbd bd
c
de
bd
cd
ce
ab
ab
bd
e
d
d
cd
dbd
bc
bccd
bd
cd
e
ce
e ce
c c
cdd
ac
d
* * * *
Ranking of treatments in field trial on RR canola in 2013 1
Protection Establishment Biomass Seed yield OverallTreatment 14 DAS 21 DAS 21 DAS 33 DAS
bare 12 13 12 13 13 13Tribune 12 12 12 9 12 12Gaucho CS FL 4 3 1 6 1 5Helix 4 8 1 6 8 9Prosper FX 4 8 1 4 9 7Helix XTra 4 3 1 2 3 3Fortenza (F) 9 8 1 6 4 7EX 1 11 11 10 12 11 11F + XTra mix 1 1 1 4 7 2EX 2 1 3 1 9 10 6Lumiderm (L) 10 6 10 9 6 10L + XTra mix 1 1 1 2 5 1L + Pros mix 4 6 1 1 2 4% benefit 2-9 1-5 5-14 0-47 1-81 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values.Test seeded May 22.
Seed Treatment Evaluations (2014)
• cool, moist May and June
• temperatures ranged from – 4.0ºC to 30.9ºC
• rainfall 20-30 mm above-normal in May and June
• soil moisture above-average (27-48%)
• moderate flea beetle populations (100-200 beetles/card/week) 0
50
100
150
200
11 18 25 01 08 15
cruciferstripedhop
Collection week midpoint
Flea
bee
tles
/car
d/w
eek
SeededMay 12
Damage (DAS)14 18 21
May June
70-80% SFB
Flea beetle damage - RR canola 2014
0
10
20
30
40
50
15 DAS
18 DAS
21 DAS
Seed treatment
Feed
ing
dam
age
(%)
a
aa
a
ab
a
cd
cd
b b
bd
b
b
c
d
b
c
bd bc
cd
b
a
ab
a
d
d
bb
cd
cd
** ***
Ranking of treatments in field trial on RR canola in 2014 1
Protection Establishment Biomass Seed yield OverallTreatment 15 DAS 21 DAS 21 DAS 28 DAS
bare 8 8 9 9 9 9Tribune 8 8 9 9 10 10Gaucho CSFL 3 1 5 7 8 6Helix 7 1 7 7 4 7Prosper FX 1 1 1 2 1 1Helix XTra 5 1 3 2 4 4Fortenza (F) 5 1 6 2 4 5EX 1 8 8 8 2 7 8F + XTra mix 1 1 2 1 1 1EX 2 3 1 4 2 3 3% benefit 0-21 0-12 10-42 57-450 17-291 Rankings based on LSD comparisons (a = 1, b = 2, c = 3; ab = 1.5, ac = 2) rather than actual values.Test seeded May 12.
Seed Treatment Evaluations (2015)
• cool dry May; warm dry June
• rainfall 40-50 mm below-normal in May and June
• soil moisture below-average (11-30%)
• SFB numbers very high (300-1500 beetles/card)
• highest numbers since 2003
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
09 16 23 30 06 13
cruciferstripedhop
Collection week midpoint
Flea
bee
tles
/car
d/w
eek
SeededMay 13
Damage (DAS)14 19 21
May June
80-90% SFB
Flea beetle damage - RR canola 2015 (warm dry)
01020304050
60
70
14 DAS
19 DAS
Seed treatment
Feed
ing
dam
age
(%)
ab
a
a
a
bc
a aab
cd
a
ab
d
b
a
dd
ab
a
d
ab
d
abab
d
Ranking of treatments in field trial on RR canola in 2015 1
Protection Establishment Biomass Seed yield OverallTreatment 14 DAS 19 DAS 20 DAS 28 DAS
bare 9 7 10 10 11 10Tribune 11 7 11 10 10 11Gaucho CS FL 8 7 9 8 8 8Helix 7 2 6 7 7 7Prosper Ev 1 2 1 1 1 1Helix XTra 1 7 4 6 3 6Fortenza (F) 1 1 2 1 3 3EX 1 9 7 8 8 9 9F + XTra mix 1 2 2 1 1 2EX 2 1 2 6 4 3 5F + Helix mix 1 2 5 4 3 4% benefit 10-40 3-28 6-35 68-550 4-361 seeded May 13
YearConditions
(June)Beetles per
cardSFB (%) Top-ranking Seed Treatments
2013 cool, wet 10-50 >70%Lumiderm + Helix XTra or Prosper; Helix XTra; Fortenza + Helix XTra;
Prosper
2014 cool, moist 100-200 >70% Fortenza + Helix XTra; Prosper;Helix XTra; Fortenza
2015 warm, dry 40-70 >80% Fortenza + Helix XTra; F + Helix; Prosper; Fortenza
warm, dry 200-1300 >85% Prosper; Fortenza + Helix XTra; Fortenza; F + Helix;
Top-Ranking Seed Treatments Against SFB
Rank 2013 (wet soil) 2014 (wet soil) 2015 (dry soil)
Tier 1
Fortenza + XTra;Lumiderm + XTra;
Lumiderm + Prosper;Prosper
Fortenza + XTra;Prosper;
Helix XTra;Fortenza
Fortenza + XTra;Fortenza + Helix;
Prosper
Tier 2Helix XTra;
Helix; Gaucho; Fortenza
Gaucho;Helix
Helix XTra;Gaucho;
Helix
Top-Ranking Treatments in Field Trials on SFB1
1 in most tests, treatments in Tier 1 provided better protection against feeding damage and greater improvements in establishment, plant growth and seed yield than treatments in Tier 2.
Notes
• All products performed best in drier conditions and higher temperatures
• Neonicotinoids are more effective on crucifer flea beetles than striped flea beetles
• There were no statistical improvement with higher rates of neonicotinoids on most years
• Only with very wet conditions or very high flea beetles populations higher rates of neonicotinoids and mixtures will be advantageous.
Flea beetle counts on sticky cards in CL canola (2015)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
16 23 30 06 13 20 27 04 11 18 25 01 08 15 22 29 05 12
crucifer
striped
hop
Collection week midpoint
Flea
bee
tles
/car
d /w
eek
May June July August September
Spring population(May 23 – July 4
Summer population- SFB (July 11 - August 22)- CFB (August 1 – September 5)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
202 207 212 217 222 227 232 237 242 247 252 257 262 267
Cum
ulat
ive
emer
genc
e (%
)
July August September
Calendar dates for emergence of the summer generation of SFB, CFB and HFB from early-
and late-seeded canola in 2004-2014.
21 26 31 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
Cum
ulat
ive
emer
genc
e (%
)
Accumulated degree-days above 5ºC (starting 18/8DAS)
early-seeded
late-seeded
Accumulated degree-days (>5ºC) for emergence of the summer generation of SFB, CFB and HFB from early- and late-seeded plots in 2004-2014.
We would like to thank our summer students and
funding organizations (Canola Clusters, SaskCanola,
and chemical industry) for their assistance and
financial support in this project.
Acknowledgments