Evaluation of the Ecological and Chemical status

of the Bosna River

Jarmila Makovinska & Branislav Vrana & Elena Rajczykova

Surface water status is the general expression of the status of a

body of surface water, determined by the poorer of its ecological and

chemical status.

Good surface water status means that its ecological status is at least

”good” and its chemical status is ”good”.

Ecological status is an expression of the quality of the structure and

functioning of aquatic ecosystems.

Chemical status assessment is based on the list of priority

substances, certain other pollutants and the environmental quality

standards given by the Directive 2008/105/EC and Directive

2009/90/EC

� Basic unit for status classification is water body, used for reporting

and assessing compliance with the WFD’s environmental objectives

� Surface water body means a discrete and significant element of

surface water such as a lake, a reservoir, a stream, river or canal, part

of a stream, river or canal, a transitional water or a stretch of coastal

water

� For the heavily modified and artificial water bodies the lower

environmental objectives could be set - ecological potential is defined.

Ecological status - basic principles:

� type specific classification;

� stressor specific elements,

� comparison to the reference conditions,

� fulfilling normative definitions of WFD.

Ecological status classification consists of four groups of quality elements:

1. biological quality elements (fish, benthic invertebrates,

phytoplankton, phytobenthos and macrophytes),

2. physico-chemical quality elements (thermal and oxygenation

conditions, salinity, acidification status, nutrient conditions),

3. hydro-morphological quality elements

4. specific synthetic or non-synthetic pollutants (being discharged in

significant quantities into the body of water).

Ecological status classification

national methodsMetrics, EQR

Limits

National EQS

� Baseline for the assessment of the chemical status is the

list of priority substances and certain other pollutants and

the environmental quality standards given by the Directive

2008/105/EC and Directive 2009/90/EC......

� The criteria for identifying substances:

persistency,

bioaccumulation,

toxicity,

Chemical status assessment

� The aquatic environment can be affected by chemical pollution both

in the short- and long- term, and therefore both acute and chronic

effects data should be used as the basis for establishing the EQS.

� In order to ensure that the aquatic environment and human health are

adequately protected, EQS expressed as an annual average value

should be established at a level providing protection against long-term

exposure, and maximum allowable concentrations should be

established to protect against short-term exposure.

Environmental quality standards

� Values of priority substances must not exceed the

environmental quality standards

Delineation of the River Bosna water bodies

� Sava River Basin Management Plan (2011)

(Sava River Basin Management Plan project –

EuropeAid/128277/C/SER/Multi)

� River Bosna is one of the bigest sub-basins of Sava River

� 7 surface water bodies on the River Bosna

� ecoregion – Dinaric Western Balcan

� altitude up to 500 m a.s.l.

Name of river Water body code Lenght (km) Natural Water Body

Bosna BA_BOS_7 7,0 x

Bosna BA_BOS_6 22,7 x

Bosna BA_BOS_5 48,2 x

Bosna BA_BOS_4 34,5 x

Bosna BA_BOS_3 36,9 x

Bosna BA_BOS_2 46,4 x

Bosna BA_BOS_1 79,63 x

Surface water sampling sites for status indication

Code of water body Monitoring site Longitude Latitude Monitoring type

BA_BOS_1 Modrica, upstream 18.212595° 44.945386° SM, IM, SED,

BA_BOS_2 Doboj, upstream 18.066413° 44.694439° SM, SED, PAS

BA_BOS_3 Zepce, upstream 17.999364°

217.952350°

44.418302°

44.356167°

SM, SED, PAS

BA_BOS_4 Zenica upstream 17.972763° 44.170251° SM, IM, SED

BA_BOS_5 Lasva confluence, upstream 17.941670°

217.936750°

44.129593°

44.131667°

SM, SED, PAS

BA_BOS_6 Sarajevo, upstream 18.283735° 43.868385° SM, IM, SED

BA_BOS_7 Bosna vrelo

(spring of the Bosna River)

18.267943° 43.819002° SM, SED,

River Water body code ES confidence

Bosna BA_BOS_7 3 L

Bosna BA_BOS_6 3 L

Bosna BA_BOS_5 3 L

Bosna BA_BOS_4 3 L

Bosna BA_BOS_3 3 L

Bosna BA_BOS_2 3 L

Bosna BA_BOS_1 3 M

Status assessment

from the Sava River Basin Management Plan

(2011)

River Water body code CHS Confidence

Bosna BA_BOS_7 G L

Bosna BA_BOS_6 G L

Bosna BA_BOS_5 F L

Bosna BA_BOS_4 F L

Bosna BA_BOS_3 G L

Bosna BA_BOS_2 G L

Bosna BA_BOS_1 G M

Pressure approach – estimation of the status

or method not fully compliant with WFD

Project ResultsEcological quality elements:

Biological quality elements:

Phytobenthos

Macrophytes

Phytoplankton

Benthic invertebrates

Physico-chemical quality elements

(CHSK-Cr, TOC, N-NH4, N- NO3, N-TOTAL, P-PO4,

P-TOTAL, Ca, Mg)

Hydro-morphological quality elements

Specific pollutants (Cu, As, Cr, Zn, cyanids)

Priority substances and other substancesaccording to the Directive 2008/105/EC

and Directive 2009/90/EC

Ecological status assessment/indication

� typology – selected according to the SK types – system A

� reference conditions - according to the SK classification

system

� metrics: organic pollution, nutrients, hydromorphology,

� multimetric and single metric system

� normative definitions – fulfilled

Methods

1. Sampling and analysis of BQE - according

to the WFD, intercalibrated, accredited

according to the EN ISO/IEC 17025

2. Sampling and analysis physico-chemical and chemical QE,

hydromorphological QE and relevant specific substances -

according to the EN, EN ISO, ISO;

accredited according to the EN ISO/IEC 17025

3. Ecological status assessment according to the SK classification in

similar type (Act No. 269/2010)

BQE Sampling site

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Benthic invertebrates(Si, OLI, BMWP, RTI, IBR,

MetaR, ALP, EPT, RHEO)

2 5 3 3 2 2 3

Phytobenthos (IPS) 1 4 2 3 3 3 1

Macrophytes (IBMR) 2 3 3 3 3 3 2

Phytoplankton(Chlorophyll-a, abundancy,

Algal groups)

1 4 1 2 2 3 2

Results

Results

Sampling

site

Total

scoreHydromorphological

quality class1 1,15 Very good

2 1,15 Very good

3 1,16 Very good

4 1,68 Good

5 1,20 Very good

6 1,37 Very good

7 1,61 Good

Quality element unit

Sampling site

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Water temperature oC 8,5 17,8 21,1 19,5 23,3 23 25

Conductivity µS/cm 297 557 611 560 541 397 1428

pH - 7,74 7,57 8,57 8,41 8,78 8,65 8,43

Dissolved O2 mg/l 11,82 8,74 12,8 10,85 13,46 12,58 10,23

COD mg/l <5 6,7 10,5 6,9 12,4 29,4 16,4

BOD mg/l 0,9 1,12 0,49 0,59 1,19 2,99 2,66

TOC mg/l <0,5 1,8 3,2 2,8 3,4 5,7 4,2

N-NH4 mg/l 0,155 0,287 0,148 0,116 0,132 0,124 0,093

N-NO3 mg/l 0,384 0,745 2,214 2,011 1,943 0,384 0,248

N_total mg/l 0,73 1,45 2,99 3,12 2,58 1,28 0,96

P-PO4 mg/l 0,033 0,097 0,368 0,292 0,252 0,062 0,022

P_total mg/l 0,04 0,11 0,41 0,31 0,27 0,1 0,04

Ca mg/l 45,6 86,4 88,3 82,4 91,2 43,6 143

Mg mg/l 12,5 14,8 14,6 13 13,7 12,1 15,3

Hardness (CaCO3) mg/l166,63 278,85 282,81 261,32 286,37 159,94 423,38

Hardness class - 4 5 5 5 5 4 5

Results

Substance Unit

Sampling site

7 6 5 4 3 2 1As µg/l <1 7,87 3,2 2,48 2,86 1,34 <1

Cr µg/l <2 <2 3,1 <2 2,4 5,5 <2

Cu µg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 2,2 <2 3,2

Zn mg/l <0,02 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02 0,02 <0,02 0,02

Fluorene µg/l 0,26 0,26 0,26 0,23 0,25 0,25 0,26

Chrysene µg/l <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01

Pyrene µg/l <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01

Fenantrene µg/l <0,10 <0,10 <0,10 <0,10 <0,10 <0,10 <0,10

CN mg/l <0,005 <0,005 <0,005 <0,005 <0,005 <0,005 <0,005

PCB-101 µg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

PCB-118 µg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

PCB-138 µg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

PCB-153 µg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

PCB-180 µg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

PCB-194 µg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

PCB-28 µg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

PCB-52 µg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Results

www.vuvh.sk

Quality elements Sampling sites

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Benthic invertebrates 2 5 3 3 2 2 3

Phytobenthos 1 4 2 3 3 3 1

Macrophytes 2 3 3 3 3 3 2

Phytoplankton 1 4 1 2 2 3 2

Physico-chemical quality elements 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

Specific substances S N S S S S S

Hydromorphology 2 1 1 2 1 1 1

Overall ecological status

assessment

2 5 3 3 3 3 3

Results

Overall evaluation

Substances caused problems:

Σ endosulphan (endosulphan-alpha, endosulphan-beta)

- sampling site 1,2,3, (AAC, no MAC)

AAC:

Pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE)

– sampling site 4 (Zenica upstream)

Pentachlorobenzene – sampling site 1,2,3,4,5,6

! ! ! Need to be done 12 x per year

Chemical status - situation

� Pollution caused by endosulphane, BDE and pentachlorobenzene

have not been confirmed by passive sampling.

�Evaluation is indicative based on one single measurement.

�Priority substances have to be monitored 12 times per year.

�Measurements of DEHP and pentachlorobenzene were repeated in

November 2013 in Bosna Vrelo.

Chemical status - situation

THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION

This research is sponsored by NATO´s Public Diplomacy Division in the

framework of Science for Peace.