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Danish Gas Technology Centre • Dr. Neergaards Vej 5B • DK-2970 Hørsholm • Tlf. +45 2016 9600 • www.dgc.dk • dgc@dgc.dk

Evaluation of the NO emissions of the Danish population of gas boilersabove 120 kW

Project reportOctober 2015

x

Evaluation of the NOx emissions

of the Danish population of gas boilers

above 120 kW

Jean Schweitzer, Per G. Kristensen

Danish Gas Technology Centre

Hørsholm 2015

Title : Evaluation of the NOx emissions of the Danish population of gas boilers above 120 kW

Report

Category : Project Report

Author : Jean Schweitzer

Date of issue : October 2015

Copyright : Danish Gas Technology Centre

File Number : 737-51; h:\737\51 emissionskortlægning\jsc\larger boilers\final report\nox emission of

large boilers_final.docx

Project Name : Emissionskortlægning

Key words : gasapparater, kedler, miljø (gas appliances, boilers, environment)

ISBN : 978-87-7795-384-2

DGC-report 1

Table of Contents Page

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 3

2 Work method and description of the work done ................................................................... 4

2.1 Overall method .................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Comparison with the work done on smaller appliances ...................................................... 5

2.3 Definitions ........................................................................................................................... 5

2.4 Units and conversions ......................................................................................................... 5

2.5 Work method ....................................................................................................................... 8

2.5.1 Method for Phase 1: Identifying the appliance population in detail (by brand and

model) in the installation database ........................................................................................ 9

2.5.2 Method for Phase 2: Evaluating the nominal NOx emissions of each brand and

model 10

2.5.3 Method for Phase 3: Evaluation of the total annual NOx emissions ..................... 15

2.5.4 Calculation method for the total annual NOx emissions ....................................... 19

2.5.5 Influence of using average emission factors by group of model appliances instead

of individual appliance by appliance .................................................................................. 20

3 Results ................................................................................................................................. 21

3.1 Phase1: Identifying the appliance population in detail (by brand and model) in the

installation database ................................................................................................................... 21

3.1.1 Ranking ................................................................................................................. 22

3.1.2 Appliance type ....................................................................................................... 22

3.2 Phase 2: Evaluating the nominal NOx emissions of each brand and model ...................... 24

3.2.1 GASTECH data ..................................................................................................... 24

3.2.2 Additional data measured by DGC ....................................................................... 28

3.2.3 Data and information from Weishaupt .................................................................. 28

3.3 Results of Phase3: Evaluating the total annual NOx emissions by combining the

information from 1 and 2 (linking the population database to GASTECH database) ............... 29

3.3.1 Allocating a reference for NOx emission source at each line of the population

database (= appliance types) ............................................................................................... 29

3.3.2 Final calculation of the NOx emission factor ........................................................ 34

3.3.3 Uncertainty calculation ......................................................................................... 35

4 Discussion and further analysis .......................................................................................... 40

4.1 Evolution of the emission factor (EF) with time ............................................................... 40

DGC-report 2

4.2 Overall ............................................................................................................................... 42

5 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 44

6 References ........................................................................................................................... 45

Annexes

Annex 1: Data from Weishaupt and comparison with existing data

Annex 2: Units and conversions

Annex 3: Appliances on the market and gas consumption

Annex 4: What is the reference data (for NOx emissions) we have connected to each line of

the population database?

Annex 5: Calculations

Annex 6: Ecom-J2KN pro industry analyser specifications

Annex 7: Conversion factor for various gases: details of calculation

DGC-report 3

1 Introduction

Following the work done on appliances < 120kW [1], this project consists in

evaluating as accurately as possible the overall real NOx emissions from

larger gas boilers on the Danish market. The results of the work are to be

used to build up knowledge on the environmental impact of gas utilisations

that is useful for instance for the present discussion of the actual taxation of

NOx emissions of appliances.

Similarly to the study done on boilers below 120 kW, we have a quite accu-

rate and detailed picture of the population of appliances including brand,

model and gas consumption that are registered by the Danish gas distribu-

tion companies. The NOx emission for a great number of appliances is or

has been measured by GASTECH. The work consisted in combining the

two sources in order to assess the overall emissions of the entire market

population. The GASTECH data was supplemented by DGC measurements

aiming at crosschecking the measured data and to cover some segments hav-

ing a large impact, for which no data was available.

As for the boilers below 120 KW, the boilers above 120 kW are used for

space heating, but many are used for other purposes in the industry (process

etc.) and for district heating.

1.1 Summary

The present figure (calculated with 2011 data) for the emission factor of

large gas boilers/burners (population above 120 kW of heat input) is 34,4

g/GJ.

The figure is expected to decrease in the future with the replacement of old-

er burners with new technologies. The pace of decrease could very much

depend on the regulation that would apply in the future. Currently the an-

nual decrease is about 0,3g/GJ.

DGC-report 4

2 Work method and description of the work done

2.1 Overall method

The calculations are based on the knowledge of

- The population of boilers/burners installed including year of installation

and annual gas consumption. The gas distribution companies in Den-

mark are registering all gas appliances installed including boiler/burner.

In the following we will call this database the population database.

- Extensive in-situ measurements (more than 13700 measurements on

about 6500 appliances) during the commissioning phase of the installa-

tion or during the maintenance of the boilers/burners. Those measure-

ments were carried out by the Danish energy service company Gastech-

Energi A/S (GASTECH) who accepted to share the data with DGC for

the sake of this study. In the following we will call this database the

GASTECH database.

The latter covers a great share of the actual population.

The market data (population and gas consumption) is combined with statis-

tics by burner (From GASTECH database) to calculate annual NOx emis-

sions.

Figure 1 Overall method

DGC-report 5

2.2 Comparison with the work done on smaller appliances

The method we have used for the larger appliances is similar in the “philos-

ophy” to the one used for small appliances, but we have adapted it to the

fact that:

1) We have no laboratory tests, but field tests from GASTECH.

2) We have much more data including - in most of the cases - multiple

measurements on the same appliance model and covering many indi-

vidual burner/boilers of the existing population.

3) We have no technology differentiation.

4) Because of 2 and 3 we can proceed with direct calculation on the basis

of the model names installed with data measured on the same burn-

er/boilers (for smaller appliances we have made models for the different

existing technologies and calculated emission of each appliance by

technology type).

5) Furthermore, the results of measurements show that the NOx emission

is rather constant over the modulation range, which allows simplifica-

tions in the modelling/calculation of the annual NOx emissions.

2.3 Definitions

The following definitions are used in the report

Pmin: Minimum heat input of a modulating boiler.

Pmax: Maximum heat input of a modulating boiler.

Appliance: In the report we will often use boiler/burner instead of ap-

pliance as both burner and boiler information is included in the data-

bases. However, when known (in most of the cases), the burner is used

as reference as the burner will be determining for NOx emissions. In

some cases, the burner is not mentioned in the databases, and we use the

boiler as reference.

daf: dry-air free. Used for the emissions of NOx expressed in ppm to

stoichiometric conditions combustion - dry gas. See also Annex 2.

EF: NOx emission factor expressed in g/GJ.

2.4 Units and conversions

NOx measured in the flue gas is diluted and needs to be calculated taking

into account this dilution linked to the air excess. This is done using the O2

DGC-report 6

or CO2 measured in the flue gas [1], and ANNEX 2 describes in detail how

this is done, and how values measured in the flue (in ppm) are converted to

neutral combustion dry gas (dry-air free or “daf”) (in ppm) or in other units

such as mg/kWh.

a) Calculation of neutral combustion dry gas (daf)

The calculation of the values to reference condition is performed in order to

express emission under conditions of neutral combustion (stoichiometric)

and dry gas. The measurements used for the present project are all per-

formed on dry flue gas sample (case of DGC test procedure and GASTECH

procedure).

The value in dry-air free emission in ppm (NOx 1) is calculated from the

measured concentration in the flue (NOx 0),

either using O2m measurement with:

NOx 1 = (NOx 0)m mair

air

OO

O

22

2

[ppm]

or using CO2m measurement with:

NOx 1 = (X0)m m

n

CO

CO

2

2 [ppm]

O2air is the concentration of O2 in the combustion air.

CO2n is the neutral combustion CO2 percentage for the given gas.

b) Emission expressed in mg/kWh

NOx 2 = 3.6 NOx 1 Vfd/(Hi 288/273)

= 3.413 NOx 1 Vfd/Hi

Where

is the density of component NOx at 0 °C (for NOx as NO2:

2.054 kg/m3)

Hi is the net calorific value: Expressed in MJ/m3 at 15 °C (gas

volume at 15 °C and 101, 325 kPa)

Vfd: Volume of dry combustion products per unit of volume

or mass of gas during stoichiometric (neutral) combustion

m3/m

3 or m

3/kg.

DGC-report 7

To make it simple:

NOx 2 = F NOx 1

The conversion factor F depends on the gas composition.

For G20 type gas the conversion factor is

1 ppm (daf) NOx =1.764 mg/kWh

= 1.764/3,6 g/GJ = 0,49 g/GJ

and was used so far (for P< 120 kW).

A more accurate calculation with the existing gas composition (2014 -

source www.energinet.dk) gives a slightly different figure.

Table 1 Conversion factor for various gases

2014 Coeff Vfd Hi F Factor F Factor

- Kg/m3 m3/m3 kWh/mn³ (mg/kWh)/

ppm

(g/GJ)/pp

m

G20 3,413 2,054 8,56 34,020 1,764 0,490

G25 3,413 2,054 7,5 29,250 1,798 0,499

G31 3,413 2,054 22,32 88,000 1,778 0,494

DK gas 1993 3,413 2,054 9,323 39,023 1,767 0,491

DK gas 2014 3,413 2,054 9,490 39,719 1,768 0,491

See details of calculation in Annex 7.

Note that , Vfd and Hi are calculated with the gas composition of Table 2.

DGC-report 8

Table 2 Gas composition 2014 (source www.energinet.dk)

2014 Avg Min Max

Metan mol - % 89,19 81,53 96,61

Ethan mol - % 5,95 2,35 10,25

Propan mol - % 2,40 0,05 5,01

I-butan mol - % 0,37 0,04 0,45

N-butan mol - % 0,56 0,01 0,84

I-pentan mol - % 0,12 0,00 0,17

N-pentan mol - % 0,09 0,00 0,13

Hexan+ mol - % 0,04 0,00 0,07

Nitrogen mol - % 0,31 0,25 0,63

Kuldioxid mol - % 0,96 0,19 2,09

Øvre brændværdi kWh/mn³ 12,142 11,223 12,837

Øvre brændværdi MJ/mn³ 43,709 40,403 46,213

Nedre brændværdi kWh/mn³ 10,981 10,122 11,633

Nedre brændværdi MJ/mn³ 39,532 36,439 41,879

Wobbe index kWh/mn³ 15,214 14,809 15,467

Wobbe index MJ/mn³ 54,770 53,312 55,681

Norm. Dens. kg/mn³ 0,8235 0,7425 0,8921

Rel. Dens. [-] 0,6369 0,5743 0,6900

Metantal [-] 71,7 65,1 79,8

H2O-dugpunkt °C -25,6 -43,4 -12,7

HC-dugpunkt °C -12,4 -16,9 -4,9

Svovlbrinte mg/mn³ 3,5 0,1 5,6

Svovl-total mg/mn³ 2,3 - -

CO2 emissionsfaktor kg/GJ 56,95 55,37 58,29

The following calculations and results are made with a conversion fac-

tor of 1,768 as calculated for Danish gas (2014) and not with the stand-

ard value.

2.5 Work method

The work was organized in 3 phases:

1) Phase 1

Establishing from the boiler/burner population database a clean and

DGC-report 9

detailed list of existing appliance population (by brand and model) and

the gas demand of installations.

2) Phase 2

Making statistics for NOx from emissions of each brand and model in

the GASTECH database. This also includes a validation of the data

measured by GASTECH.

3) Phase 3

Evaluating the total annual NOx emission by combining the information

from 1 and 2.

2.5.1 Method for Phase 1: Identifying the appliance population in

detail (by brand and model) in the installation database

This is done with the existing boiler/burner population database from the

gas distribution companies that includes the main information we need to

know

1) Brand name and model

2) Year of installation

3) Gas consumption

The first action consisted in correcting the spelling of names (registered by

different people, with or without details on burner type, removing applianc-

es not in the scope like domestic boilers etc.) and compiling a database to

get an aggregated picture of the population of appliances. The recording of

the appliance name may differ from one gas distribution company to another

or even within the same gas distribution company, so we had to correct or

interpret some of the model names. It required quite a large effort to go

through the several thousands of lines of the database and correct the appli-

ance model names and also correct the spelling of the manufacturers’

names.

We do not calculate each individual boiler separately, but we calculate

each model separately after having done the aggregation (this means that

each model will represent a number, n, of installed appliances). The gas

consumption used for each model is the average obtained with the given

model of boiler.

DGC-report 10

Figure 2 Boiler/burner database

Note that the list we have used was created from different lists/tables cover-

ing different installation sizes (see 4.1).

In many cases, the same burner or boiler type can be found in several/tables

(most of the burners' modulation range can be adjusted, with the result that

they appear in several lists) (see 4.1).

2.5.2 Method for Phase 2: Evaluating the nominal NOx emissions

of each brand and model

For this phase, we did not make any segmentation/differentiation by tech-

nologies of the appliances on the market. This was not necessary, nor possi-

ble: As mentioned, an extensive database of measurements carried out by

GASTECH was used and can be used directly on each model of the popula-

tion database.

2.5.2.1 Information on data measured by GASTECH

Purpose of the measurement

Data measured by GASTECH were found either during the commissioning

phase of the installation or during maintenance.

DGC-report 11

Measurement equipment used

The equipment used is the Ecom J2KN, able to measure O2, CO, NO and

NO2.

For the measurement, the accuracy given by the manufacturer is < ±1%. See

Annex 6 for further specifications.

Figure 3 Ecom J2KN

Procedure of measurement - Test method

Once the burner load is set, the operator waits for the combustion to be sta-

ble before executing the measurement.

Data measured by GASTECH

In general, the test is performed by measuring the emissions over the modu-

lation range at Pmin and Pmax

For each load, the following parameters are measured:

- Burner heat input (kW)

- CO2 concentration in the flue gas (%)

- O2 concentration in the flue gas (%)

- NOx measured (ppm not corrected)

- Flue gas temperature (°C)

- Efficiency (%) (“flue gas” efficiency, calculated with only losses from

the flue gas)

DGC-report 12

Number of data available

More than 11700 measurement points are available. Note that for the vast

majority there are measurements both at Pmin and Pmax as indicated above.

This results in measurements on about 5800 burners/boilers. Some of the

measurement results cannot be used for the following reasons:

- Missing data for one or several measurements (CO2/O2 or NOx).

- We could not connect all names in GASTECH database with the names

of appliances of the population database.

- Insufficient information on burner (e.g. “Bentone” without the type).

- Appliance out of scope (e.g. Some fuel oil appliances/burners, etc.)

- Appliances < 120 kW

- Etc.

Furthermore, we have deliberately given low priority to or ignored appli-

ances that are in the bottom of the ranking list, as their impact is small (they

will be given "default" emissions in our calculations).

This resulted in a total of 3700 measurements (valid data) (on the 11700

available), so about 31% were effectively used for the work done.

This may seem to be a low number compared to the potential measurements,

but as we will see later on we were able to cover more than 70% of the pop-

ulation once weighted with the gas consumption by focussing on the appli-

ances that rank high in impacting the overall emission factor.

2.5.2.2 GASTECH database “cleaning”

As for the population database, the first action consisted in correcting the

spelling of names etc. in order to make the statistics work possible and also

to harmonize the names with the first database in order to have a clear and

unique identification of each burner/boiler for the two databases.

The GASTECH data include a line for each measurement.

This means that for the same burner/boiler, a measurement at Pmin and at

Pmax will translate into two different lines. However, this is not systematic,

and for a number of cases we have only Pmin or only Pmax.

DGC-report 13

Table 3 GASTECH database

We proceeded with a (more or less) line per line check, looking at each

measurement Note that in the original file as shown above there are two

lines per burner/boiler: one at Pmax (M2) and one at Pmin (M1) Lines with

missing information (NOx/O2 or CO2) - not allowing NOx emission assess-

ment - were removed.

Once this was done, we proceeded with statistical calculations on the

cleaned list for both Pmin and Pmax.

2.5.2.3 Crosscheck of the test results of GASTECH. Comparison with

DGC test data on the same installations

In order to check the validity of the data used for the present analysis, we

proceeded to a comparison of measurements of GASTECH with measure-

ments carried out by DGC on the same installations, but not at the same

time.

For that purpose we chose some installations, for which we had GASTECH

data and made our own DGC measurements at the locations/installations

shown in Table 4.

DGC-report 14

Table 4 Crosscheck of DGC/GASTEC measurements

Installation Burner NOx dry, air-free in ppm

DGC GASTECH

Voerså Kraftvarmeværk Zantingh RKB 100 63,6 66

Frederiks Varmeværk Zantingh RKB 400 70,4 75

Assentoftskolen Buderus Logano GB312-300 PLUS 51,9 51,3

Åbakken Buderus Logano GB312-200 19,6 16,5

Torstedskolen Weishaupt WG40 45,0 37,2

Flyveren Viessmann WM111 12,3 10,4

Søskrænten Dunphy TG 03.34 59,9 56,3

Brørup Fjernvarme Dunphy TC 415 56,1 59

DFD Aalborg Weishaupt G70 44,9 45

The two sets of data obtained are shown in Figure 4 (NOx emission daf).

Figure 4 Crosscheck of DGC/GASTEC measurements

From the results obtained we can conclude that the NOx emission difference

measured is low, also considering that external parameters (air temperature,

humidity etc.) are influencing the real emissions of the burners.

DGC-report 15

2.5.3 Method for Phase 3: Evaluation of the total annual NOx emis-

sions

The next phase consisted in evaluating the NOx emission for each individual

model of the aggregated population and calculating the sum of these group

values.

Before we can proceed, we need to know how to take into account the pa-

rameters that we know may have an influence, and in particular the load.

We, therefore, made preliminary observations and analyses of GASTECH

data for the NOx emissions.

1) Observation 1: The emissions mostly depend on the burner and to a

lesser degree on the boiler, on which it is installed.

Below is an example of a given burner installed on various boilers.

Figure 5 Relative variation of NOx emissions for the burner WG40 in-

stalled on various boilers

Data: GASTECH Forbrændingsdata industriinstallationerv03. Sheet2

This, however, is not always true, as some specific installation may show

another result: In the above figure the emissions of a given burner are in fact

clearly higher on steam boilers. This is expected to be due to a higher tem-

perature. Apart from this, the emissions are at the same level (avg. 49,1 ppm

daf with a Standard deviation of “only” 13, and 9 without the steam boilers).

DGC-report 16

The variations are low and are more or less in the range of repeatability that

is observed at DGC for NOx emission measurements on smaller boilers

(< 120 kW).

The same type of result was seen on the other burners showing a very nar-

row emission range, and sometimes outliers that can be explained. The next

example on the Weishaupt G3 burner shows a single burner within the

group with a low NOx emission. This is explained by a very high air excess

(O2 about 14% instead of about 6% for all the other burners). We have no

further information on this installation; perhaps the process requires such

high air excess.

Figure 6 NOx emissions at Pmax for the burner Weishaupt G3

Conclusion 1: In the vast majority of the cases, there are only small var-

iations of NOx emissions of the same burner when installed on various

boilers, unless the boiler is a steam boiler or used for a specific process.

2) Observation 2: Very low dependency on Pmin/Pmax

The following graph shows the difference between emission at Pmin and

Pmax for a Weishaupt WG40 burner.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

NO

x p

pm

(d

af)

Burner

NOx ppm Weishaupt G3

O2 = 14%

DGC-report 17

Figure 7 Comparison of NOx emissions at Pmax and Pmin for the burner

WG40 installed on various boilers

Data: GASTECH Forbrændingsdata industriinstallationerv03. Sheet2

Again here this is true, but not for the few steam boilers.

As the steam boilers have a very small part of the market, the impact on the

overall NOx emission is not determining.

Table 5 compares the emissions obtained at Pmin and Pmax for the 3700

valid data. The largest differences are obtained by a "smaller" boiler in the

smaller range of the heat input (e.g. Buderus Logano, Viessmann boilers).

These are technologies for which it is known that emissions at Pmin are

much lower [1].

However, this is compensated by technologies where emissions are higher at

Pmin. As a result, the average difference is low (3%) and the average

weighted difference (weighted with the burner power and the number of

burners) is lower than 1%.

DGC-report 18

Table 5 Comparison of results at Pmin and Pmax

Conclusion 2: We can use an average of emission Pmin/Pmax without

harming the accuracy of the results.

3) Conclusions for the calculation method

The following principle for the work method was used:

NOx emissions statistics Pmin NOx emissions statistics Pmax Difference

Pmin NOx Std Number Pmax NOX Std Number d(NOx) d(NOx)

kW ppm-daf ppm-daf - kW ppm-daf ppm-daf - ppm daf % of Max

Burner/Boiler Name Kolonne1 Kolonne2 Kolonne3 Kolonne4 Kolonne5 Kolonne6 Kolonne7 Kolonne8 For n>2 only

Burner Bentone BG 100 and BG 150 35 43 9 19

Burner Bentone BG 200 72 75 14 151 85 78 7 14 3 4%

Burner Bentone BG 300 94 71 17 194 141 67 13 118 -3 -5%

Burner Bentone BG 400 & 450 137 75 15 260 250 98 396 190 23 24%

Burner Bentone BG 500-2 256 85 15 60 417 75 16 58 -9 -13%

Burner Bentone BG 600-650-700 422 78 13 43 691 70 15 31 -7 -10%

Burner BENTONE OTHER 129 73 17 224 315 71 18 84 -2 -2%

Burner BENTONE RG 90-2 274 68 9 31 497 68 8 30 0 1%

Burner Bentone SG 140-2 465 77 13 9 860 76 12 8 -1 -2%

boilers Buderus Logano Plus GB 312/241 67 12 6 34 227 27 12 28 15 54%

boilers Danstoker DHA 2036 108 18 4 1741 98 13 4 -10 -10%

boilers Danstoker Global 646 37 10 8 2183 42 13 7 6 14%

boilers Danstoker TDC 1207 42 26 7 4429 36 8 6 -6 -16%

boilers Danstoker TVB 1193 85 18 25 2303 85 16 25 -1 -1%

boilers Danstoker VB 227 72 10 25 379 72 11 25 0 0%

boilers Danstoker VBN 443 73 21 49 788 74 24 46 1 2%

Burner Danstoker VEH 542 79 6 10 1701 78 13 9 -2 -2%

burners Dunphy all 162 57 22 133 512 60 19 121 3 6%

Burner ELCO EG 02.14 131 32 0 1

Burner ELCO OTHER 531 75 21 21 1166 73 20 19 -2 -2%

boilers Eurotherm overall 1012 86 1 3 1959 86 3 3 1 1%

boilers LOOS OVERALL 426 70 20 9 679 74 26 9 5 6%

boilers LOOS ULS 712 48 7 2 1464 55 11 3 7 13%

Burner Ray BCEG 1000 3744 99 4 2 4577 101 5 2 1 1%

burners RAY PG 519 88 39 12 587 121 73 9 33 27%

burners Rendamax R9/105 107 91 32 27 276 163 71 27 73 44%

Burner Riello Gas 5/2 283 64 16 4 523 71 11 4 7 10%

burners Riello GAS All 172 80 14 24 297 82 15 17 1 2%

Burner Riello RS 28 Gulliver 110 86 6 7 240 78 7 7 -8 -11%

burners Sacke GLS 55 1184 34 2 4 3908 39 6 3 6 14%

Burner Viessmann VITOCROS 300 and other64 22 13 82 231 27 11 76 5 19%

Burner Viessmann Vitocrossal 200 90 32 5 4 234 42 11 3 10 23%

Burner Weishaupt WKGL 40/2-A & WKGL 70/Z-A ZMD1466 109 13 9 3743 102 13 9 -7 -6%

Burner Weishaupt G1/1-E 114 74 14 13 240 69 13 12 -4 -6%

Burner Weishaupt G10/1-D-ZDM 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18 -5 -6%

Burner Weishaupt G11/1-D 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18 -5 -6%

Burner Weishaupt G3/1-E 215 72 15 97 383 67 13 92 -6 -8%

Burner Weishaupt G30/2-A 264 49 21 2 0 46 0 2

Burner Weishaupt G40/1-A 211 77 12 2

Burner Weishaupt G5/1 - D ZMAD - LN 253 49 6 2 468 41 5 2 -8 -20%

Burner Weishaupt G5/1-D 356 68 15 51 629 69 15 49 0 0%

Burner Weishaupt G50/1-B 542 60 9 2 1278 55 6 2 -5 -9%

Burner Weishaupt G50/2-A 753 99 26 4 1966 83 24 5 -16 -19%

Burner Weishaupt G60/2-A 712 91 14 5 1742 93 11 4 2 2%

Burner Weishaupt G7/ 1-ZMD 521 64 18 47 1013 60 19 43 -3 -5%

Burner Weishaupt G70/2-A 785 49 6 3 1548 52 9 3 3 5%

Burner Weishaupt G-8/1-D 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18 -5 -6%

Burner Weishaupt G9/1D 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18 -5 -6%

burners WEISHAUPT OTHER 159 62 21 311 433 64 26 169 3 4%

Burner Weishaupt RG 70/1-A - ZM 1157 87 2 2 0 91 5 2

Burner Weishaupt RGL 50/1-D ZMD & RGL 60-1-A720 120 8 6 2988 100 13 6 -20 -20%

Burner Weishaupt WG 20 61 55 27 143 133 47 21 105 -9 -18%

Burner Weishaupt WG 30 90 58 24 28 217 52 21 25 -6 -11%

Burner Weishaupt WG 40 N/1-A 148 48 12 94 357 44 13 69 -4 -10%

Burner Weishaupt WG-30N 138 64 21 200 274 59 21 163 -5 -8%

Burner Weishaupt WM G10/3-A 156 59 18 6 103 66 28 4 7 11%

Burner Weishaupt WM-G20/2-A 183 38 6 2

Burner Weishaupt WTC-GB 54 22 8 4 235 41 7 4 19 47%

burners Zantingh OTHER 405 64 10 5 506 73 4 5 9 12%

burners Zantingh RKB 600 960 61 0 1 2628 86 0 1 25 29%

boilers Ålborgt Værft 932 52 0 1 1633 54 0 1 3 5%

AVG 3%

DGC-report 19

a) Using average value by burner type without making more detailed

segmentation (which would be difficult/impossible to execute) is a

valid method as long as the population used is representative of the

actual population.

b) Using the average of emission Pmax/Pmin is valid as well, because

the differences of emissions at Pmax and Pmin are small. This sim-

plification will facilitate quite a lot the work, as we will not need to

investigate the modulating strategy of the appliances. This has

shown to be a difficult point for the domestic boilers investigated in

the first part of the project. In the present case, it would be even

more complicated as the Pmax rating of the same burner is very dif-

ferent from boiler to boiler (Pmax and Pmin can be adjusted on most

burners).

2.5.4 Calculation method for the total annual NOx emissions

The details of the method are described step by step in para. 5.3.

The following method principle was applied.

TE= E1 + E2

With:

TE = Total emissions

E1 = Emission of the population, for which we have measurements

E2 = Emission of the population, for which we do not have measurements

Ideally, if the GASTECH database would perfectly match the population

database, we could consider making an emission calculation for each indi-

vidual appliance. However, it has shown that this matching is difficult, and

that there are too many uncertainties on the exact location of the appliances

and designation of appliances for us to make an extended one-by-one appli-

ance calculation. However, we tried to execute this matching as well as pos-

sible and to make conclusions from the results achieved See para. 2.5.6.

The method we have used is, therefore, to derivate (from GASTECH data)

an average NOx emission factor for each model of appliances (EMFi) (e.g.

Weishaupt WG 40N) and to apply the same emission to the whole popula-

tion of appliances of this given model.

DGC-report 20

Ei = ni Qi EMFi [kg] : Sum of the emissions for the whole group of appli-

ances of the given model “i”, where Qi is the average gas consumption of

the group of appliances of the same model "i".

E1 = ∑Ei

E2 emission is calculated with default emission factor (the same weighted

average emission factor as used for E1).

2.5.5 Influence of using average emission factors by group of mod-

el appliances instead of individual appliance by appliance

As mentioned we tried to make a one-to-one match between the GASTECH

database and the population database. This proved to be difficult, but we

were able to match data for about 2000 addresses, and out of those about

650 were selected (covering model of appliances with reasonable impact on

the final result, eliminating those with uncertainty on appliances installed

etc.).

The conclusion from the work done is as follows:

There are few differences between the value of emission factor by group

when we use the average emission measured and the emission weighted

with the volume of gas used. In some cases the emission factor is larger, in

some case it is smaller. Based on 650 data, the weighted average results in

an emission factor that is 1% higher compared to the emission factor

calculated as a plain average of the individual emission factors.

As a result, we can accept the simplification that the average emission factor

of a group of appliances of a given model does not depend on the individual

gas consumption of all appliances used to calculate the emission factor av-

erage. The main reason for that is that emissions and gas consumption with-

in a single group of a given model do not vary so much.

This is, of course, only applicable for a group of appliances of the same type

(= same brand and same model).

DGC-report 21

3 Results

3.1 Phase1: Identifying the appliance population in detail (by

brand and model) in the installation database

The database originally used was divided in 4 tables covering 4 different

ranges of heat input:

- From 120 kW to 1 MW

- From 1 MW to 2 MW

- From 2 MW to 5 MW

- Above 5 MW

Table 6 Merged population database: Rank 1-20 of the most influencing

installations

A1 The rank (see below)

A2 REF DGC list. This is an internal reference

A3 Source (table). This shows from each table the installation is taken

A4 Manufacturer

A5 Model

A6 Number installed

A7 Average heat input

A8 Average installation date

A9 Average gas consumption per installation

A10 Total gas consumption (including all installation)

A11 Cumulated gas consumption in 1000 m3

A12 Cumulated gas consumption in %

A13 Measured by GASTECH?: Tells if we have data for the specific burner/boiler

A14 Gas consumption for known emissions

A15 Cumulated gas consumption for known emissions in 1000 m3

A16 Cumulated gas consumption for known emissions in %

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16

RANK

REF DGC

list

Source

(table)

Manufacturer Model Number

installed

Average

heat

input

Average

instal.

date

Average

gas cons.

Total gas

cons.

Cumul. gas

cons

Cumul.

Gas cons.

Measured

by

GASTECH?

Gas cons.

for known

emissions

Cumul. gas

cons. for

known

emissions

Cumul.

Gas cons.

for known

emissions

V07 kW (-) m3 1000 m3 1000 m3 % 1000 m3 1000 m3 %

TOTAL 10514 897954

TOP200 5659

1 1336 DGC >10 HNG EJ KENDT 11 22283 1990 3534966 38885 38885 4% No 0 0 0%

2 802 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT WG 40 N/1-A 409 424 2004 41005 16771 55656 6% 16771 16771 2%

3 1282 DGC 5-10 WEISHAUPT G70/2-A 15 7295 1994 800793 12012 67668 8% 12012 28783 3%

4 1312 DGC >10 DANSTOKER TDB 1 34364 2000 11910084 11910 79578 9% No 0 28783 3%

5 729 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT G 3/1-E, GL 3/1-E, RGL 3/1-E, G3/1-E ZMI 258 421 1989 42108 10864 90442 10% 10864 39647 4%

6 993 DGC 1-2 WEISHAUPT G7/1D 300-1750 KW 104 1350 1993 101161 10521 100962 11% 10521 50168 6%

7 795 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT WG 30N/1-A 632 223 1993 16510 10434 111396 12% 10434 60602 7%

8 1395 DGC >10 AALBORG INDUSTRIESMISSION TM OM 25t/h 1 19380 2001 10000000 10000 121396 14% No 0 60602 7%

9 1365 DGC >10 Saacke/Bentone SG 60/80/100/150 10 13094 1986 897281 8973 130369 15% No 0 60602 7%

10 741 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT G3/1-E 235 432 1992 36795 8647 139016 15% 8647 69249 8%

11 975 DGC 1-2 WEISHAUPT G 7/1-D, GL 7/1-D, RGL 7/1-D, G7/1-D ZMI 81 1253 1991 103693 8399 147415 16% 8399 77648 9%

12 1338 DGC >10 HOLLENSEN GASMASTER 6 17075 1996 1387398 8324 155740 17% No 0 77648 9%

13 1284 DGC 5-10 WEISHAUPT RGL 70 1/A 10 7359 2001 820516 8205 163945 18% 8205 85853 10%

14 1162 DGC2-5 WEISHAUPT G9/1-D GL9/1-D 36 2577 1990 218575 7869 171813 19% 7869 93721 10%

15 1132 DGC2-5 WEISHAUPT G 50/2-A 17 3600 2006 460085 7821 179635 20% 7821 101543 11%

16 732 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT G 5/1-D, GL 5/1-D, RGL 5/1-D.ZMI 126 643 1991 61394 7736 187370 21% 7736 109279 12%

17 1141 DGC2-5 WEISHAUPT G10/1-D, GL10/1-D,RGL 10/1-D 33 2836 1991 234160 7727 195098 22% 7727 117006 13%

18 1354 DGC >10 RAY BGE 1500 3 14124 1999 2568838 7707 202804 23% No 0 117006 13%

19 1271 DGC 5-10 WEISHAUPT G 70/2-A, RGL 70/2-A, RGMS 70/2-A 10 8208 1991 745111 7451 210255 23% 7451 124457 14%

20 748 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT G5/1 122 684 1993 59615 7273 217528 24% 7273 131730 15%

DGC-report 22

This differentiation (column A3) was not really used in the project, and the

tables were merged into a single one; but for practical reason we have con-

tinued to keep this reference/info in the database. As a result the same burn-

er or boiler can sometimes be found in two (or more) lines of the merged

Table 6.

Once cleaned, the population database looks like Table 6 that first can be

used to assess what is the degree of market coverage when looking at the

known data available from GASTECH.

3.1.1 Ranking

For each line (= burner/boiler type) in the population database we calculate

the total gas consumption by multiplying the number of installed appliances

with the average gas consumption. The result (total gas consumption) is

used to get an approximate ranking of the most influential appliances on the

overall emission factor (a more exact ranking should take the emissions into

account, but this will eliminate from the list the appliances, for which we do

not have emissions.

3.1.2 Appliance type

Combining column A4 and A5 we generate the name that we from now on

call “appliance type”, which is the name used to designate a group of appli-

ances (burner, but sometimes boiler) in the population database and so rep-

resented generally by one line (possibly 2, 3 or 4 in case it covers a large

range of heat input). Each “appliance type” is mainly characterized by its

name, number of installed units and average gas consumption.

DGC-report 23

Table 7 Bottom list of the most influencing installations

For each line we check if we do or do not have GASTECH data on the very

specific burner or boiler. This is done for the 1397 lines of the database.

The last column shows a first result which is the coverage of the data avail-

able when only using the data from GASTECH on the very specific burner

or boiler type.

The final figure is 37% of the total gas consumption covered by NOx emis-

sion statistics, but as we will see we can considerably improve this figure

when using additional tests done by DGC and extension of result to similar

burners/boilers (see next section).

Table 7 shows the percentage of installations covered by known data (col-

umn A16, Table 7). The impact of the appliances at the bottom of the table

is negligible: both number of appliances and consumption are low. It ap-

pears also that some domestic boilers are in this list. They are not accounted

in the calculations to come (and would have no real impact anyway).

Note that we are missing the gas consumption for about 30 installations (out

of 1397 – this is the reason why the last rank in Table 7 is 1362). They can-

not be calculated/integrated in the calculations.

DGC-report 24

Figure 8 shows how much the first ranked appliance types are influencing

the overall figure of emissions.

Figure 8 The first 200 appliances types represent 80% of the total gas

consumption

Taking “only” the top 200 appliance types will cover already 80% of the

market. This is achieved by a few single users with a huge consumption

(e.g. AALBORG INDUSTRIES) and a number of popular burners (e.g.

WEISHAUPT WG 40 and WG 30) with more than 1000 burners installed.

The first 200 appliance types in the ranked list represent more than 5600

appliances on a total of about 10500 of the total installed in Denmark.

This means that keeping the focus on the top 200 or so would be most

cost-effective for the project. (We have, however, used all appliance

types to perform the calculations as seen later on, but put special atten-

tion to the top 200 and less attention to the next 1100 or so).

3.2 Phase 2: Evaluating the nominal NOx emissions of each

brand and model

3.2.1 GASTECH data

The data from GASTECH are in the format as presented in Table 8 (Exam-

ple of GASTECH data). For a number of measurements (lines in red), the

DGC-report 25

NOx or air excess (O2 or CO2) measurement was not executed, so we elimi-

nated those from the statistics (e.g. lines 2225 and 2226 in the table). Also

burner names can be spelled differently so we have also checked this and

corrected when possible in order to harmonize with the population database

so that the names in GASTECH database match the “Appliance type” names

defined for the population database.

For some burners, only Pmin (indicated M1) or only Pmax (M2) were

measured (e.g. line 2056). The available test was integrated in the statistics

(if not excluded for the reasons above).

Table 8 Example of GASTECH data

Once cleaned, the table is subject to statistical calculation where we have

both for Pmin and Pmax the average, standard deviation and number of tests

for:

- heat input (“Brænde” in the original table)

- CO2/O2

- NOx measured (ppm)

- Flue gas temperature (Roeggas)

RIELLO RIELLO RS28 RS28 pos BraenderBelastnCO2 O2 NOX RoegTempVirk

1101 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Buderus Logano SK625[M1] 144 9,7 4,2 64 97 97

1102 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Buderus Logano SK625[M2] 288 9,9 3,9 65,1 151 94

1194 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Buderus SK 625 [M1] 144 9,7 4,1 66,2 93 97

1195 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Buderus SK 625 [M2] 300 9,9 4 66,2 132 95

1954 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Dantherm DV 200 [M1] 115,2 7,9 57,8 120

1955 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Dantherm DV 200 [M2] 180 7,4 50,4 148

2056 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Dantherm WA200 [M1] 9,5 4,6 55,6 111

2143 Riello RS 28 Gulliver De Dietrich [M1] 84 9,5 4,6 72,4 84 97,6

2144 Riello RS 28 Gulliver De Dietrich [M2] 204 9,7 4,1 60,9 116 96,2

2145 Riello RS 28 Gulliver DE DIETRICHGN-2.13 [M1] 90 9,3 4,8 62 102 96

2146 Riello RS 28 Gulliver DE DIETRICHGN-2.13 [M2] 216 9,8 4 55,6 165 93

2225 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Dietrich [M1] 9,3 4,9 63 109 96

2226 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Dietrich [M2] 9,8 4 59,8 169 93,4

1103 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Buderus Logano SK625[M2] 306 9,8 4 67,2 153 93,5

1104 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Buderus Logano SK625[M1] 166,8 9,7 4,2 65,1 102 95,9

1196 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Buderus SK 625 [M1] 120 9,7 4,2 66,2 93 96,4

1197 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Buderus SK 625 [M2] 256,8 9,7 4,1 66,2 145 93,9

1895 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Dantherm DV 200 [M1] 7,8 7,5 63 156 92

1896 Riello RS 28 Gulliver Dantherm DV 200 [M2] 8,1 7 59,8 160 92

2152 Riello RS 28 Gulliver DE DIETRICH [M1] 87,6 9,2 5,1 63 72 97,3

2153 Riello RS 28 Gulliver DE DIETRICH [M2] 218,4 9,3 4,9 53,6 101 95,9

9903 Riello RS 28 Gulliver [M1] 9,2 5 0 119 95,1

9904 Riello RS 28 Gulliver [M2] 9,3 4,9 0 141 94

DGC-report 26

- Efficiency (Virkn)

- NOx calculated as air free (ppm) (NOxst in Table 9)

Table 9 Example Statistics for Riello RS28 Gulliver

This work in the GASTECH database is repeated for all burners that are

identified from the population database (there is no need to do this work

for all burners of GASTECH list if we cannot find them in the population

database.) We have in this way created Table 10 Emission reference list

table.

Some definitions for Table 10

For a number of burners, for which the samples were small, or for which

the name was not sufficiently accurate for making a clear differentiation,

we have made accumulated statistics per burner generic name (e.g.

“LOOS” OVERALL in Table 10)

“OVERALL” means all appliances apart from the models for the same

brand, for which we have made statistics.

“ALL” (e.g. BENTONE ALL) means all appliances of the brand

BENTONE. This is used for BENTONE burners not already in the ref-

erence list table.

Riello RS 28 GulliverData measured

Pmin Pmax

pos BraenderBelastnCO2 O2 NOX RoegTempVirk NOXst pos BraenderBelastnCO2 O2 NOX RoegTempVirk NOXst

kW % % ppm C % ppm daf kW % % ppm C % ppm daf

[M1] 144 9,7 4,2 64 97 97 80,0 [M2] 288 9,9 3,9 65,1 151 94 80,0

[M1] 144 9,7 4,1 66,2 93 97 82,3 [M2] 300 9,9 4 66,2 132 95 81,8

[M1] 115 7,9 57,8 120 92,8 [M2] 180 7,4 50,4 148 77,9

[M1] 84 9,5 4,6 72,4 84 97,6 92,8 [M2] 204 9,7 4,1 60,9 116 96,2 75,7

[M1] 90 9,3 4,8 62 102 96 80,4 [M2] 216 9,8 4 55,6 165 93 68,7

[M1] 167 9,7 4,2 65,1 102 95,9 81,4 [M2] 306 9,8 4 67,2 153 93,5 83,1

[M1] 120 9,7 4,2 66,2 93 96,4 82,8 [M2] 257 9,7 4,1 66,2 145 93,9 82,3

[M1] 88 9,2 5,1 63 72 97,3 83,3 [M2] 218 9,3 4,9 53,6 101 95,9 70,0

Statistics

Pmin Pmax

pos BraenderBelastnCO2 O2 NOX RoegTempVirk NOXst pos BraenderBelastnCO2 O2 NOX RoegTempVirk NOXst

avg 119,0 9,5 4,9 64,6 95,4 96,7 84,5 avg 246,2 9,7 4,6 60,7 138,9 94,5 77,4

std 28,7 0,2 1,2 3,9 13,2 0,6 4,9 std 45,0 0,2 1,1 6,2 19,9 1,1 5,2

n 8 7 8 8 8 7 8 n 8 7 8 8 8 7 8

DGC-report 27

Note that “Riello GAS ALL” are all burners of type Riello Gas, whatev-

er the model, and the statistics do not include the other Riello burners.

Table 10 Emission reference list table

NOx emissions statistics Pmin NOx emissions statistics Pmax

Pmin NOx Std Number Pmax NOX Std Number

kW ppm-daf ppm-daf - kW ppm-daf ppm-daf -

Burner/Boiler Name Kolonne1 Kolonne2 Kolonne3 Kolonne4 Kolonne5 Kolonne6 Kolonne7 Kolonne8

Burner Bentone BG 100 and BG 150 35 43 9 19 0 43 9 19

Burner Bentone BG 200 72 75 14 151 85 78 7 14

Burner Bentone BG 300 94 71 17 194 141 67 13 118

Burner Bentone BG 400 & 450 137 75 15 260 250 98 396 190

Burner Bentone BG 500-2 256 85 15 60 417 75 16 58

Burner Bentone BG 600-650-700 422 78 13 43 691 70 15 31

Burner BENTONE OTHER 129 73 17 224 315 71 18 84

Burner BENTONE RG 90-2 274 68 9 31 497 68 8 30

Burner Bentone SG 140-2 465 77 13 9 860 76 12 8

boilers Buderus Logano Plus GB 312/241 67 12 6 34 227 27 12 28

boilers Danstoker DHA 2036 108 18 4 1741 98 13 4

boilers Danstoker Global 646 37 10 8 2183 42 13 7

boilers Danstoker TDC 1207 42 26 7 4429 36 8 6

boilers Danstoker TVB 1193 85 18 25 2303 85 16 25

boilers Danstoker VB 227 72 10 25 379 72 11 25

boilers Danstoker VBN 443 73 21 49 788 74 24 46

Burner Danstoker VEH 542 79 6 10 1701 78 13 9

burners Dunphy all 162 57 22 133 512 60 19 121

Burner ELCO EG 02.14 131 32 0 1 0 32 0 1

Burner ELCO OTHER 531 75 21 21 1166 73 20 19

boilers Eurotherm overall 1012 86 1 3 1959 86 3 3

boilers LOOS OVERALL 426 70 20 9 679 74 26 9

boilers LOOS ULS 712 48 7 2 1464 55 11 3

Burner Ray BCEG 1000 3744 99 4 2 4577 101 5 2

burners RAY PG 519 88 39 12 587 121 73 9

burners Rendamax R9/105 107 91 32 27 276 163 71 27

Burner Riello Gas 5/2 283 64 16 4 523 71 11 4

burners Riello GAS All 172 80 14 24 297 82 15 17

Burner Riello RS 28 Gulliver 110 86 6 7 240 78 7 7

burners Sacke GLS 55 1184 34 2 4 3908 39 6 3

Burner Viessmann VITOCROS 300 and other64 22 13 82 231 27 11 76

Burner Viessmann Vitocrossal 200 90 32 5 4 234 42 11 3

Burner Weishaupt WKGL 40/2-A & WKGL 70/Z-A ZMD1466 109 13 9 3743 102 13 9

Burner Weishaupt G1/1-E 114 74 14 13 240 69 13 12

Burner Weishaupt G10/1-D-ZDM 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18

Burner Weishaupt G11/1-D 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18

Burner Weishaupt G3/1-E 215 72 15 97 383 67 13 92

Burner Weishaupt G30/2-A 264 49 21 2 0 46 0 2

Burner Weishaupt G40/1-A 211 77 12 2 0 77 12 2

Burner Weishaupt G5/1 - D ZMAD - LN 253 49 6 2 468 41 5 2

Burner Weishaupt G5/1-D 356 68 15 51 629 69 15 49

Burner Weishaupt G50/1-B 542 60 9 2 1278 55 6 2

Burner Weishaupt G50/2-A 753 99 26 4 1966 83 24 5

Burner Weishaupt G60/2-A 712 91 14 5 1742 93 11 4

Burner Weishaupt G7/ 1-ZMD 521 64 18 47 1013 60 19 43

Burner Weishaupt G70/2-A 785 49 6 3 1548 52 9 3

Burner Weishaupt G-8/1-D 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18

Burner Weishaupt G9/1D 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18

burners WEISHAUPT OTHER 159 62 21 311 433 64 26 169

Burner Weishaupt RG 70/1-A - ZM 1157 87 2 2 0 91 5 2

Burner Weishaupt RGL 50/1-D ZMD & RGL 60-1-A720 120 8 6 2988 100 13 6

Burner Weishaupt WG 20 61 55 27 143 133 47 21 105

Burner Weishaupt WG 30 90 58 24 28 217 52 21 25

Burner Weishaupt WG 40 N/1-A 148 48 12 94 357 44 13 69

Burner Weishaupt WG-30N 138 64 21 200 274 59 21 163

Burner Weishaupt WM G10/3-A 156 59 18 6 103 66 28 4

Burner Weishaupt WM-G20/2-A 183 38 6 2 0 38 6 2

Burner Weishaupt WTC-GB 54 22 8 4 235 41 7 4

burners Zantingh OTHER 405 64 10 5 506 73 4 5

burners Zantingh RKB 600 960 61 0 1 2628 86 0 1

boilers Ålborgt Værft 932 52 0 1 1633 54 0 1

DGC-report 28

3.2.2 Additional data measured by DGC

DGC carried out supplementary test with the double purpose of:

a) Crosschecking the data measured by GASTECH (see para. 2.5.2.3)

b) Collecting more data for appliances types that are high ranked, and

for which we have no data from GASTECH.

Table 11 DGC test results

3.2.3 Data and information from Weishaupt

Weishaupt burners are used in a very large number of the installations, and

we, therefore, asked (at the beginning of the project) the manufacturer to

help with data and information on the burners.

As GASTECH data cover well all Weishaupt burners and reflect the actual

Danish installations, data from Weishaupt were used for validation only (see

Annex 1). The comparison shows a good correspondence between the data.

See extended comparison in Annex 1.

Installation Burner type/model Measured values Calculated Comments

Pin NOx O2 NOx daf Rank Remark

kW ppm %-vol ppm

Gærum Skole Weishaupt WG40 147 31 6,3 44,3 2

Horsens Fjernvarme Weishaupt G70 2A 7480 57 2,7 65,4 3/19/24

DAKA Assentoft Ray BGE1000 4892 110 4,4 139,3 4/73/87

Aså Ost Weishaupt G3 276 55 4,0 68,0 5/10

Launis Skagen Weishaupt G7 886 35 3,9 43,0 6/11

Guldalderen Weishaupt WG30 170 36 6,2 51,1 7

Akzo Nobel Aalborg Mission 13286 70 3,6 84,5 8

Stevns Kalk Weishaupt RGL7 1071 53 6,0 74,3 11/6

Stevns Kalk Weishaupt G9 1770 42 7,9 67,4 14

DFD Store Heddinge Weishaupt G50 1583 47 3,3 55,8 15

Sorø Storkro Weishaupt G5 153 44 7,1 66,6 16

Hvalsø KraftvarmeværkZantingh RKB1000/ Hollensen Gasmaster 6793 47 4,4 59,5 31/12

Dianalund Weishaupt G40 / Hollensen Gasmaster 820 49 4,7 63,2 12

Voerså KraftvarmeværkZantingh RKB 100 1188 49 4,8 63,6 /1/

Frederiks VarmeværkZantingh RKB 400 1970 58 3,7 70,4 /1/

Assentoftskolen Buderus Logano GB312-300 PLUS 141 44 3,2 51,9 /1/

Åbakken Buderus Logano GB312-200 148 15 4,9 19,6 /1/

Torstedskolen Weishaupt WG40 147 31 6,5 45,0 2 /1/

Flyveren Viessmann WM111 56 9 5,6 12,3 84 /1/

Søskrænten Dunphy TG 03.34 152 45 5,2 59,9 /1/

Brørup Fjernvarme Dunphy TC 415 1704 47 3,4 56,1 /1/

DFD Aalborg Weishaupt G70 3447 35 4,6 44,9 3 /1/

/1/ Gastech validation

DGC-report 29

Weishaupt Burner option terminology:

1. Serial (Std)

2. NR (NOx reduced)

3. LN (Low NOx)

4. 3LN (Multi flam)

Table 12 Data and information received from Weishaupt

Burner Type Option Nominal val-

ues (Gu-

rantee) (*)

Measured

values

Unit

10% O2

WG 2-3 - Std - 40-60 mg/Nm3

WG 20-

40

- Std - 50-65 mg/Nm3

WG 20-

40

1-C LN 65 28-50 mg/Nm3

G1-7 1-D Std 80 64-75 mg/Nm3

G1-7 1-D LN 65 55-65 mg/Nm3

G1-7 1-D Zmid - 40-45 mg/Nm3

G8-11 1-D Std 80 80-90 mg/Nm3

G8-11 1-D Zmid - - mg/Nm3

G30-70 1-A/2-B std. 80 90-110 mg/Nm3

G30-70 1-A/2-B NR 65 55-65 mg/Nm3

G30-70 1-A/2-B LN 65 40-60 mg/Nm3

WKG 3 0-A Std - 90-120 mg/Nm3

WKG 70 2-A Std 80 85-100 mg/Nm3

WKG 70 2-A LN 65 55-60 mg/Nm3

WKG 80 3-A NR 65 55-65 mg/Nm3

(*) For Tflue < 200 C, Combustion room type 3ZF and combustion room load = 1- 3

MW/m3

3.3 Results of Phase3: Evaluating the total annual NOx emis-

sions by combining the information from 1 and 2 (linking the

population database to GASTECH database)

3.3.1 Allocating a reference for NOx emission source at each line of

the population database (= appliance types)

For each line of the population database (= appliance types), we have allo-

cated a reference source for the NOx emission from Table 10. As seen later

we also used DGC data in some cases.

DGC-report 30

A few comments on the way we have proceeded follow below:

Using first the burner as “appliance type”

As explained before, the burner is the component that will be determining

for the NOx emissions so we have always used the burner as “appliance

type”, unless the burner name was not indicated.

Small boilers

Some boilers have integrated burners, for example the Buderus Logano Plus

GB 312/241 which is a relatively small condensing boiler (Pmax from ap-

prox. 90 to 280 kW) and is therefore registered as a boiler in the databases.

In this case, of course, we use the boiler name as “appliance type”.

Figure 9 Buderus Logano Plus GB 312 with integrated burner

Source: http://www.buderus.dk/information/dokumentation/vejledninger/logano-bolig-industri-kedler/buderus-

logano-plus-gb312.html

Large boilers

For large boilers (e.g. Danstoker) that are used for district heating etc., the

size is several MW, and in addition to the boiler model the emissions very

DGC-report 31

much depend on the burner installed. In many cases, we do not have the

burner names installed on Danstoker boilers.

Therefore, we have chosen not to use results of tests from one large boiler

to other boilers of the same brand, but different model. For example for

DANSTOKER TVB we have test data that are used for all DANSTOKER

TVB boilers, but not extended to DANSTOKER VB, for which we do not

have measured data.

Figure 10 Example of a large boiler from Danstoker

Source: http://www.danstoker.dk/

Extension to similar model

For a number of appliances we considered that we could use the emission

references of burners with a similar name. For example:

for WEISHAUPT G60/1-A we have used emission measured for Weis-

haupt G60/2-A

and for WEISHAUPT G70/1-B we have used emission measured for

Weishaupt G70/2-A

Finally, we have got additional data resulting from DGC measurements on

chosen installations.

Average of burner emissions by manufacturer

As explained in para. 3.2.1, for a number of burners we have made accumu-

lated statistics per burner generic name.

DGC-report 32

Final allocation of a reference source to all appliance types

Table 13 shows which data from the Emission reference list table was used

for each of the lines of the population database.

In many cases, the choice is straightforward as the names from both the ref-

erence list (based on GASTECH data) and appliance population database

are well “connected”. In other cases, we had to make individual decisions

on which reference to use or not to use, based on the explanation given pre-

viously in this section.

Table 13 Ranked population database with affiliation of a reference for

the NOx emissions

A1 The rank obtained as described above (see para. 3.1)

B1 “Appliance type” .Name of the appliance (obtained by combining A4 –Manufacturer name and

A5 – Model)

B2 Name of the appliance for which we have data in the GATECH database

B3 to B10 Statistics for Pmin and Pmax

B11 Explanation of the origin of data used in B3 to B10

A1 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11Rank Appliance type Appliance used from GASTECH database

measurements

Pmin NOX Std n Pmax NOX Std n Data source (indicated for

the TOP200): for the rest

see B2

kW ppm Std n kW ppm Std n

daf daf

avg 59,9 63,1 7,294

1 HNGEJ KENDT no data

2 WEISHAUPT WG 40 N/1-A Weishaupt WG 40 N/1-A 148 48 12 94 357 44 13 69 DATA GASTECH

3 WEISHAUPT G70/2-A Weishaupt G70/2-A 785 49 6 3 1548 52 9 3 DATA GASTECH

4 DANSTOKER TDB Ray BCEG 1000 3744 99 4 2 4577 101 5 2 DGC measurement --> RAYBGE C-1000

5 WEISHAUPT G 3/1-E, GL 3/1-E, RGL 3/1-E, G3/1-E ZMIWeishaupt G3/1-E 215 72 15 97 383 67 13 92 DATA GASTECH

6 WEISHAUPT G7/1D 300-1750 KW Weishaupt G7/ 1-ZMD 521 64 18 47 1013 60 19 43 DATA GASTECH

7 WEISHAUPT WG 30N/1-A Weishaupt WG 30 90 58 24 28 217 52 21 25 DATA GASTECH

8 AALBORG INDUSTRIES MISSION TM OM 25t/h DGC data 85 1 85 1 DGC in situ measurement

9 Saacke/Bentone SG 60/80/100/150 Bentone SG 140-2 465 77 13 9 860 76 12 8 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

10 WEISHAUPT G3/1-E Weishaupt G3/1-E 215 72 15 97 383 67 13 92 DATA GASTECH

11 WEISHAUPT G 7/1-D, GL 7/1-D, RGL 7/1-D, G7/1-D ZMIWeishaupt G7/ 1-ZMD 521 64 18 47 1013 60 19 43 DATA GASTECH

12 HOLLENSEN GASMASTER DGC data 63 1 63 1 DGC in situ measurement

13 WEISHAUPT RGL 70 1/A Weishaupt RG 70/1-A - ZM 1157 87 2 2 0 91 5 2 DATA GASTECH

14 WEISHAUPT G9/1-D GL9/1-D Weishaupt G9/1D 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18 DATA GASTECH

15 WEISHAUPT G 50/2-A Weishaupt G50/2-A 753 99 26 4 1966 83 24 5 DATA GASTECH

16 WEISHAUPT G 5/1-D, GL 5/1-D, RGL 5/1-D.ZMIWeishaupt G5/1-D 356 68 15 51 629 69 15 49 DATA GASTECH

17 WEISHAUPT G10/1-D, GL10/1-D,RGL 10/1-D Weishaupt G10/1-D-ZDM 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18 DATA GASTECH

18 RAY BGE 1500 RAY OTHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

19 WEISHAUPT G 70/2-A, RGL 70/2-A, RGMS 70/2-AWeishaupt G70/2-A 785 49 6 3 1548 52 9 3 DATA GASTECH

20 WEISHAUPT G5/1 Weishaupt G5/1-D 356 68 15 51 629 69 15 49 DATA GASTECH

DGC-report 33

Figure 11 Use of the data from the two databases

This was done for approx. 1400 lines from the population database (see ex-

tended list in Annex 3).

As mentioned, attention was given to the top 200 of the ranked list, and as

the bottom of the list has almost no impact on the global NOx emission fac-

tor, less effort was made to find the most appropriate reference for each of

the appliances in the population database.

With the method described, we have achieved all in all a very fine coverage

of the appliance population database and found reference NOx emissions for

about 73% of the gas consumption of the entire population of appliances

Table 14 Coverage (of gas consumption) of appliance population data-

base with known emission data

Gas consumption

For the appliances, for which emission data are known 73%

For the appliances, for which emission data are not known 27%

DGC-report 34

3.3.2 Final calculation of the NOx emission factor

Table 15, still based on the ranked list of appliance types, now brings the

calculation of the emissions and uncertainties (detailed in section. 3.3.3).

Table 15 Calculation of the NOx emissions for the top 20

A1 Rank

C1 The average emissions Pmin/Pmax: (B4+ B8)/2 ppm

C2 The converted value above in mg/kWh (*) mg/kWh

C3 Total gas used (*) kWh

C4 Emissions (= C2.C3)/106 kg

C5 U3 extrapolation (Uncertainty see para. 3.3.3) % rel.

C6 U4 Pmax / Pmin (Uncertainty see para. 3.3.3) % rel.

C7 U Total (Uncertainty see para. 3.3.3) % rel.

C8 Total NOx (in 1000 kg) = C4/1000 for appliances with data only 1000 kg (t)

C3' Total heat input: same as C3, but for appliances with data only kWh

C9 Gas consumption in GJ (= 0,036. C3’) GJ (*) GAS USED FOR THE CALCULATIONS = natural gas DK 2014 See Annex 7

From the table we calculate

1) TE the total emissions of the population of appliances for which we

have emission data

A1 C1 C1´' C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C3' C9Rank Avg

emissions

Avg

emissions

Avg

emissions

Total gas used Emissions n (avg) U3

Extrapolati

on

U4 Pmax /

Pmin

U Total Total Nox Total heat

input

Gas

consumpt.

- ppm mg/kWh kWh kg % rel. % rel. % rel. 1000 Kg 1000 kWh 1000 GJ

TOTAL --> 9860427826 830 6698785 24116

avg --> 12% 6% 19%

1 0,0 0,0 0 426992050 0 0 6% 22%

2 45,9 46,2 81 184162615 14947 82 6% 5% 9% 14,9 184162,6 663

3 50,4 50,4 89 131902610 11753 3 16% 3% 17% 11,8 131902,6 475

4 99,9 99,9 177 130784632 23101 2 6% 1% 8% 23,1 130784,6 471

5 69,6 69,7 123 119296334 14682 95 4% 4% 8% 14,7 119296,3 429

6 62,0 62,1 110 115528376 12662 45 9% 3% 10% 12,7 115528,4 416

7 54,9 55,1 97 114577668 11122 27 15% 5% 17% 11,1 114577,7 412

8 84,5 84,5 149 109810000 16412 1 18% 6% 20% 16,4 109810,0 395

9 76,4 76,4 135 98530438 13310 9 11% 1% 12% 13,3 98530,4 355

10 69,6 69,7 123 94950328 11686 95 4% 4% 8% 11,7 94950,3 342

11 62,0 62,1 110 92230496 10109 45 9% 3% 10% 10,1 92230,5 332

12 63,2 63,2 112 91410083 10211 1 18% 6% 20% 10,2 91410,1 329

13 89,3 89,3 158 90100882 14217 2 5% 6% 9% 14,2 90100,9 324

14 90,8 91,1 161 86406175 13871 20 6% 3% 8% 13,9 86406,2 311

15 90,9 90,0 161 85887270 13796 5 26% 9% 28% 13,8 85887,3 309

16 68,5 68,5 121 84945374 10291 50 6% 0% 8% 10,3 84945,4 306

17 90,8 91,1 161 84853393 13621 20 6% 3% 8% 13,6 84853,4 305

18 0,0 0,0 0 84625241 0 0 6% 22%

19 50,4 50,4 89 81820650 7290 3 16% 3% 17% 7,3 81820,7 295

20 68,5 68,5 121 79865073 9675 50 6% 0% 8% 9,7 79865,1 288

DGC-report 35

TE =

1397

1

8i

iC[kg]

2) TGC, the total gas consumption of the population of appliances for

which we have emission data

TGC=

1397

1

9i

iC [GJ]

From the above we can now calculate the overall emission factor:

EF= TE/1000.TGC

The final value obtained for the emission factor is 34,4 g/GJ

As explained, the value is based on appliances that are representing about

73% of the total gas consumption of the entire population. Appliances for

which we could not find data on NOx emissions are not included in the fig-

ure.

Even if this last part of the population is not taken into account, we have no

reason to think that the actual emission factor for appliances, for which we

have no data, is either higher or lower compared to the actual figure ob-

tained (GASTECH is NOT measuring preferentially on appliances with high

or low emissions as the decision to undertake measurements is not linked to

the level of NOx).

As a result we can assume that the value calculated is valid for the en-

tire population of gas boilers above 120 kW.

3.3.3 Uncertainty calculation

The following main elements compose the uncertainty:

1. The uncertainty of the NOx value measured (field test)

2. The uncertainty due to the test conditions

3. The uncertainty in extrapolating the field test results to other appliances

4. The uncertainty of the simplification Pmax/Pmin

5. The uncertainty of the overall emission due to unknown emissions for

some appliances

DGC-report 36

3.3.3.1 Uncertainty of measured values (U1)

The elements for the uncertainty on measured value are basically similar to

the ones that are used for the measurement in laboratory and that was de-

tailed in [1].

They include the following

1. Sampling

2. Transfer and treatment of the sample

3. Analysis of NOx, CO2 and O

4. Calibration

5. Measurement

6. Conversion calculation

7. Uncertainty in reproducibility of the emission

Once we have considered all elements of the uncertainty, the combination of

NOx will typically lead to values in the magnitude of 3,5% relative (given

for DGC in-situ measurements) A conservative value would be 5% for all

in-situ measurements.

U1 = 5%

3.3.3.2 Uncertainty due to test conditions (U2)

- Operating conditions (load, gas used etc.)

- Ambient conditions (Tair, humidity)

The below indicative values were used:

- Air pressure and temperature < 5%

- Water temperature variations < 5%

- Gas composition < 5% (as long as we consider average Danish gas)

𝐔𝟐 = √𝟓𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐 = 8,7%

3.3.3.3 Uncertainty in extrapolating the field test results obtain on one

appliance to other appliances (U3) (dispersion of results).

For this we can use the standard deviation that originates from the statistical

analysis of the test.

DGC-report 37

U = 1,96.s (expanded uncertainty) will give a confidence level of 95% [2].

The uncertainty depends on the number of measurements.

U3 = 1,96. s/sqrt (n)

With n being the number of samples measured for a given appliance type.

As seen previously, correcting from gas volume used does not bring much

difference in the results, and therefore we have not weighted the uncertainty

with gas consumptions. The gas consumption will, however, be taken into

account when calculating a total overall uncertainty with all appliance types.

Figure 12 Gaussian distribution

"Standard deviation diagram" - based on figure by Jeremy Kemp, on 2005-02-09.

The average figure for U3 obtained on the total appliance population of

is 12%.

For a number of cases we only have a single measurement and thus a stand-

ard deviation of 0. In these cases, we used the hypothesis that extrapolating

the results to the entire population of the same appliance would lead to an

uncertainty of 18% (Fixed value in the upper range of observed value for the

appliances where we have several measurements).

3.3.3.4 The relative uncertainty of the simplification Pmax/Pmin (U4)

This is simply estimated as half the average difference Pmax-Pmain emis-

sions.

DGC-report 38

abs (NOxPmax- NOxPmin) / 2* avg(NOxPmax- NOxPmin)

3.3.3.5 The uncertainty on the overall emission due to unknown emis-

sions for some appliances (U5)

The appliances, for which we do not know the emissions, are not integrated

in the calculation of NOx emission factor assuming that they will have the

same average as the other ones, for which we do have data. However, we

will have here an additional uncertainty that we will take into account by

using a fixed arbitrary value of 22% (much above the average of 12%

obtained for the “extrapolation uncertainty” U3).

3.3.3.6 Other sources

Other sources of uncertainties (conversion, etc.) are considered smaller than

the one above and will have no real impact on the final figure.

3.3.3.7 Overall results

Appliances for which the NOx emission is known

We calculate the uncertainty for each individual appliance type: U1 and U2

are the same for all, but U3 and U4 are specific.

𝐔𝐢 = √𝐔𝟏𝟐 + 𝐔𝟐𝟐 + 𝐔𝟑𝟐 + 𝐔𝟒𝟐

Appliances for which the NOx are known

As indicated above, we use the arbitrary value of Ui = 22% for all applianc-

es, for which we have no data.

Overall

We carry out the a total uncertainty calculation with the following hypothe-

sis:

- we suppose that the emissions of the appliances, for which we have

no emissions data, have the same emission factor as the average

weighted emission factor of appliances, for which we have emission

data.

- We suppose that EF calculation by appliance types are independent

from each other .

DGC-report 39

The TOTAL uncertainty resulting from the calculation with the figures and

hypotheses given here leads to a final uncertainty of 7,1% rel. on the

value given of EF.

DGC-report 40

4 Discussion and further analysis

4.1 Evolution of the emission factor (EF) with time

The following figure shows - for the top 200 of the ranked list - the correla-

tion between the installation date and the NOx emissions, and we have also

indicated the regulatory limits including the change introduced in 2001.

Note that the figures for the installation date are average data from the

population database.

Figure 13 Installation year and NOx emissions

It appears that

- new regulations are impacting the NOx emissions

- there is a technology evolution (becoming visible when making average

(see next figure)

Regulatory limit

Regulatory limit

DGC-report 41

The next figure is perhaps a more obvious way of visualizing the decrease

of the EF. It also shows that the trend is not only due to regulation changes

as the decrease has started before the introduction of the new limits.

Figure 14 Evolution of the cumulated average of EF since 1985. The figure

is based on statistics made on the part of the database, for which

we could make an installation address match (see Figure 11)

combining the EF (calculated with the GASTECH database)

with the date of installation. About 1200 measurements have

been used (note that as this does not cover the whole database;

the final value of EF is slightly different from the one covering

the whole database).

The blue data points in Figure 14 represent single installations and the pur-

ple solid line represents the NOx emission limit for new boilers. The dotted

purple line represents the emission limit for an old (before 2001) boiler that

is upgraded with a new burner. Hence, the data points between the regula-

tion lines for the period 2001 to 2013 do not represent installations in con-

flict with regulation unless they are completely new installations. The year

of installation we have available in our database is for the latest burner in-

stallation. The few data points above the dotted line after 2001 represent

sites with a too high NOx emission.

Regulatory limit

Regulatory limit

DGC-report 42

From the data available we have calculated that technologies improves of

about 0,34 g/GJ every year. If this trend continues, considering a lifetime of

25 years (and a replacement rate of 4%), the evolution of the EF will be as

shown in Fejl! Henvisningskilde ikke fundet.15 with the hypothesis of an

average emission factor of 29 g/GJ in 2010 for newly installed burners.

Figure 15 Scenario for the evolution of the EF

The evolution of the EF can depend very much on the regulations for new or

existing installations. The above evolution is supposed to represent the actu-

al evolution in case the present regulation is unchanged.

There are several boilers and burners on the market, for which EF is below

20 g/GJ (some very close to 10 g/GJ), that would be able to contribute effi-

ciently to a faster decrease of the overall EF.

4.2 Overall

Figure 16 shows that the values of EF are not correlated to appliance types

having low or high consumption (in this way, no action on specific market

segment will have a high impact).

DGC-report 43

Figure 16 EF as a function of the gas consumption

The next figure confirms that EF is not correlated to the rank.

Figure 17 EF for the top 100 of the ranked list

Regulatory limit < 2001

Regulatory limit > 2001

DGC-report 44

5 Conclusion

The study demonstrated that actual emission factor for NOx is about 34,4

g/GJ based on 2011 data.

The background data for the conclusion is solid as we have an extended

detailed database of existing appliances (population database), for which the

model of appliance and the actual gas consumption is recorded.

The information was combined with almost 14.000 individual test results of

NOx emission executed by GASTECH, and it covers very well the existing

population of appliances. We estimated to have data for a population con-

suming 73% of the gas (either directly from GASTECH or by estimates on

basis of similar burners; some DGC tests have also been carried out).

Crosschecking the data measured by GASTECH was organized by DGC in

order to control that the measurement methods or instrument do not bring

deviation in the results.

Furthermore, we saw a decrease of the EF due to the regulations and the

technology improvements.

DGC-report 45

6 References

[1] Evaluation of the NOx emissions of the Danish population of gas boilers

below 120 kW. DGC 2014

[2] GUM - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (ISO)

[3] Contract SMT4 – CT95 1606 Improvement of inter-laboratory repro-

ducibility for NOx and CO measurement. 1996-1998. DGC and several

European partners

DGC-report 46

ANNEX 1: Data from Weishaupt and comparison with existing data

1) Data and information from Weishaupt

Weishaupt Burner option terminology:

5. Serial (Std)

6. NR (NOx reduced)

7. LN (Low NOx)

8. 3LN (Multi flam)

Burner Type Option Nominal values

(Gurantee) (*) Measured values Unit 10%

O2

WG 2-3 - Std - 40-60 mg/Nm3

WG 20-40 - Std - 50-65 mg/Nm3

WG 20-40 1-C LN 65 28-50 mg/Nm3

G1-7 1-D Std 80 64-75 mg/Nm3

G1-7 1-D LN 65 55-65 mg/Nm3

G1-7 1-D Zmid - 40-45 mg/Nm3

G8-11 1-D Std 80 80-90 mg/Nm3

G8-11 1-D Zmid - - mg/Nm3

G30-70 1-A/2-B std. 80 90-110 mg/Nm3

G30-70 1-A/2-B NR 65 55-65 mg/Nm3

G30-70 1-A/2-B LN 65 40-60 mg/Nm3

WKG 3 0-A Std - 90-120 mg/Nm3

WKG 70 2-A Std 80 85-100 mg/Nm3

WKG 70 2-A LN 65 55-60 mg/Nm3

WKG 80 3-A NR 65 55-65 mg/Nm3

(*) For Tflue < 200 C, Combustion room type 3ZF and combustion room load = 1- 3 MW/m3

DGC-report 47

2) Comparison of GASTECH measured values with Weishaupt declared

(measured) values

The figures below show how the values measured by GASTECH compare with the nominal val-

ues given to DGC by Weishaupt. The column "measured value “in Weishaupt's table was used

for this comparison. We had some uncertainty, as the nomenclature used to record appliances in

the GASTECH database did not conform 100% to the one received by Weishaupt.

However, it is clear that for the models, for which we have no doubts, that the values measured

compare well with the data given by Weishaupt.

DGC-report 48

Table with Weishaupt data converted

mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 ppm daf ppm daf mg/kWh

10% of O2 0 % of O2 0 % of O2 0 % of O2 0 % of O2

Burner Type Option min max min max min max min max min max

WG 2-3 - Std 40 60 76,5 114,8 37,3 55,9 37 56 62 94

WG 20-40 - Std 50 65 95,7 124,4 46,6 60,5 47 61 78 101

WG 20-40 1-C LN 28 50 53,6 95,7 26,1 46,6 26 47 44 78

G1-7 1-D Std 64 75 122,4 143,5 59,6 69,9 60 70 100 117

G1-7 1-D LN 55 65 105,2 124,4 51,2 60,5 51 61 86 101

G1-7 1-D Zmid 40 45 76,5 86,1 37,3 41,9 37 42 62 70

G8-11 1-D Std 80 90 153,1 172,2 74,5 83,8 75 84 125 140

G8-11 1-D Zmid - - 0 0

G30-70 1-A/2-B std. 90 110 172,2 210,5 83,8 102,5 84 102 140 172

G30-70 1-A/2-B NR 55 65 105,2 124,4 51,2 60,5 51 61 86 101

G30-70 1-A/2-B LN 40 60 76,5 114,8 37,3 55,9 37 56 62 94

WKG 3 0-A Std 90 120 172,2 229,6 83,8 111,8 84 112 140 187

WKG 70 2-A Std 85 100 162,6 191,3 79,2 93,1 79 93 133 156

WKG 70 2-A LN 55 60 105,2 114,8 51,2 55,9 51 56 86 94

WKG 80 3-A NR 55 65 105,2 124,4 51,2 60,5 51 61 86 101

Conversion done with:

02 max = 20,95 1ppm = 2,054 mg/m3 1ppm = 1,675 mg/kWh

DGC-report 49

ANNEX 2: Units and conversions

From (Contract SMT4 – CT95 1606 Improvement of inter-laboratory reproducibility for NOx and CO

measurement. 1996-1998. DGC and several European partners)

1. Definitions

(CO)m and (NOx)m: Measured concentrations expressed in ppm (volume/volume), in the

sample taken during the combustion test [(NOx)m = (NO)m + (NO2)m]

(CO2)m and (O2)m: Measured concentrations expressed in % (volume/volume), in the

sample taken during the combustion test.

(CO2)n: The maximum carbon dioxide content of the dry-air free combustion products in

% (volume/volume).

O2 air: Percentage (vol/vol) of O2 in air (O2 air = 20.95% is to be used when no other

value is known).

2. Calculation of neutral combustion dry gas (dry-air free)

The calculation of the values to reference condition is performed in order to express emission

under conditions of neutral combustion (stoichiometric) and dry gas.

In the following we suppose that measurements are performed on dry flue gas sample (case of

DGC test procedure).

The value in dry-air free emission in ppm (X1) is calculated from the measured concentration in

the flue (X0),

either using O2 measurement with:

X1 = (X0)m mair

air

OO

O

)( 22

2

[ppm]

or using CO2 measurement with:

X1 = (X0)m ( )

( )

CO

CO

n

md

2

2

[ppm]

Note that X0 can be NOx or CO and note that conditions reference for air temperature and humid-

ity for testing are 20°C for temperature and 10 g/kg for humidity.

DGC-report 50

3. Emission expressed in mg/kWh

X2 = 3.6 X1 Vfd/(Hi 288/273)

= 3.413 X1 Vfd/Hi

Where

is the density of component x at 0°C

CO: 1.251 kg/m3

H2O: 0.830 kg/m3

NO: 1.340 kg/m3

NOx as NO2: 2.054 kg/m3

Hi is the net calorific value: Expressed in MJ/m3 at 15°C (gas volume at 15°C and 101,

325 kPa)

Vfd: Volume of dry combustion products per unit of volume or mass of gas during stoi-

chiometric (neutral) combustion m3/m

3 or m

3/kg.

Designation Composition Hi

MJ/m3

Vfd

m3/m

3

Vfw

m3/m

3

CO2 n

G 20 CH4 34.02 8.56 10.49

G 25 86% CH4

14% N2

29.25 7.50 9.16

G 30 C4H10 116.09 29.67 34.70

G 31 C3H8 88.00 22.32 26.27

G 100 50% H2

26% CH4

24% N2

13.95 3.41 4.39

DGC-report 51

Typical conversion factors are

CONVERSION OF THE NOX EMISSION VALUE FOR NATURAL GAS

NOX as NO2

1 ppm = 2.054 mg/m3 G 20 G 25

(1 ppm = 1 cm3/m3) mg/kWh mg/MJ mg/kWh mg/MJ

1 ppm = 1.764 0.490 1.797 0.499

O2 = 0%

1 mg/m3 = 0.859 0.239 0.875 0.243

1 ppm = 2.059 0.572 2.098 0.583

O2 = 3%

1 mg/m3 = 1.002 0.278 1.021 0.284

CONVERSION OF THE CO EMISSION VALUE FOR NATURAL GAS

1 ppm = 1,251 mg/m3 G 20 G 25

(1 ppm = 1 cm3/m3) mg/kWh mg/MJ mg/kWh mg/MJ

1 ppm = 1.074 0.298 1.095 0.304

O2 = 0%

1 mg/m3 = 0.859 0.239 0.875 0.243

1 ppm = 1.253 0.348 1.278 0.355

O2 = 3%

1 mg/m3 = 1.002 0.278 1.021 0.284

We have used the above conversion for G20 for the work of this report. The fact is that the con-

version factor does not vary much with the gas composition (example for G30 is quite far from

G20 it is 1.792 instead of 1.764).

DGC-report 52

ANNEX 3: Appliances on the market and gas consumption

Approx. 1400 lines

A1 Rank

A2 REF DGC list. This is an internal reference

A3 Source (table). This shows from each table the installation is taken

A4 Manufacturer

A5 Model

A6 Number installed

A7 Average heat input

A8 Average installation date

A9 Average gas consumption per installation

A10 Total gas consumption (including all installation)

A11 Cumulated gas consumption in 1000 m3

A12 Cumulated gas consumption in %

A13 Measured by GASTECH?: Tells if we have data for the specific burner/boiler

A14 Gas consumption for known emissions

A15 Cumulated gas consumption for known emissions in 1000 m3

A16 Cumulated gas consumption for known emissions in %

DGC-report 53

Example (first 40 lines)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 A16

RANK

REF DGC

list

Source

(table)

Manufacturer Model Number

installed

Average

heat

input

Average

instal.

date

Average

gas cons.

Total gas

cons.

Cumul. gas

cons

Cumul.

Gas cons.

Measured

by

GASTECH?

Gas cons.

for known

emissions

Cumul. gas cons.

for known

emissions

Cumul. Gas cons.

for known

emissions

V10 kW (-) m3 1000 m3 1000 m3 % 1000 m3 1000 m3 %

TOTAL 10514 897954 335617

TOP200 5659

1 1336 DGC >10 HNG EJ KENDT 11 22283 1990 3534966 38885 38885 4% No 0 0 0%

2 802 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT WG 40 N/1-A 409 424 2004 41005 16771 55656 6% 16771 16771 2%

3 1282 DGC 5-10 WEISHAUPT G70/2-A 15 7295 1994 800793 12012 67668 8% 12012 28783 3%

4 1312 DGC >10 DANSTOKER TDB 1 34364 2000 11910084 11910 79578 9% No 0 28783 3%

5 729 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT G 3/1-E, GL 3/1-E, RGL 3/1-E, G3/1-E ZMI258 421 1989 42108 10864 90442 10% 10864 39647 4%

6 993 DGC 1-2 WEISHAUPT G7/1D 300-1750 KW 104 1350 1993 101161 10521 100962 11% 10521 50168 6%

7 795 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT WG 30N/1-A 632 223 1993 16510 10434 111396 12% 10434 60602 7%

8 1395 DGC >10 AALBORG INDUSTRIESMISSION TM OM 25t/h 1 19380 2001 10000000 10000 121396 14% No 0 60602 7%

9 1365 DGC >10 Saacke/Bentone SG 60/80/100/150 10 13094 1986 897281 8973 130369 15% No 0 60602 7%

10 741 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT G3/1-E 235 432 1992 36795 8647 139016 15% 8647 69249 8%

11 975 DGC 1-2 WEISHAUPT G 7/1-D, GL 7/1-D, RGL 7/1-D, G7/1-D ZMI81 1253 1991 103693 8399 147415 16% 8399 77648 9%

12 1338 DGC >10 HOLLENSEN GASMASTER 6 17075 1996 1387398 8324 155740 17% No 0 77648 9%

13 1284 DGC 5-10 WEISHAUPT RGL 70 1/A 10 7359 2001 820516 8205 163945 18% 8205 85853 10%

14 1162 DGC2-5 WEISHAUPT G9/1-D GL9/1-D 36 2577 1990 218575 7869 171813 19% 7869 93721 10%

15 1132 DGC2-5 WEISHAUPT G 50/2-A 17 3600 2006 460085 7821 179635 20% 7821 101543 11%

16 732 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT G 5/1-D, GL 5/1-D, RGL 5/1-D.ZMI126 643 1991 61394 7736 187370 21% 7736 109279 12%

17 1141 DGC2-5 WEISHAUPT G10/1-D, GL10/1-D,RGL 10/1-D33 2836 1991 234160 7727 195098 22% 7727 117006 13%

18 1354 DGC >10 RAY BGE 1500 3 14124 1999 2568838 7707 202804 23% No 0 117006 13%

19 1271 DGC 5-10 WEISHAUPT G 70/2-A, RGL 70/2-A, RGMS 70/2-A10 8208 1991 745111 7451 210255 23% 7451 124457 14%

20 748 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT G5/1 122 684 1993 59615 7273 217528 24% 7273 131730 15%

21 1236 DGC 5-10 RAY BGEC700 4 7924 1985 1752670 7011 224539 25% No 0 131730 15%

22 1094 DGC2-5 RAY EG 500 5 4744 1984 1397426 6987 231526 26% No 0 131730 15%

23 1065 DGC2-5 HNG EJ KENDT 12 3036 1999 571900 6863 238389 27% No 0 131730 15%

24 1270 DGC 5-10 WEISHAUPT G 70 / 2 - A (1000 - 10500KW 6 7908 2009 1130780 6785 245174 27% 6785 138515 15%

25 1190 DGC 5-10 DANSTOKER DHA 10 6921 1998 641760 6418 251591 28% No 0 138515 15%

26 978 DGC 1-2 WEISHAUPT G 8/1-D, GL 8/1-D, RGL 8/1-D 61 1635 1991 102470 6251 257842 29% 6251 144765 16%

27 1314 DGC >10 DANSTOKER TVB 10 24130 1998 623842 6238 264080 29% No 0 144765 16%

28 1260 DGC 5-10 SAACKE SKVJG 4 6500 1998 1552386 6210 270290 30% No 0 144765 16%

29 1311 DGC >10 DANSTOKER Solo kedel 4 18936 1995 1514685 6059 276349 31% No 0 144765 16%

30 1238 DGC 5-10 RAY EG 500 7 5846 1990 858496 6009 282358 31% No 0 144765 16%

31 1393 DGC >10 ZANTINGH RKB 1000 ND 9,0 MM G 5 12749 2009 1201154 6006 288364 32% No 0 144765 16%

32 1245 DGC 5-10 SAACKE GLS 95 3 8300 2007 1995665 5987 294351 33% No 0 144765 16%

33 1362 DGC >10 Saacke DG100 3 15657 1992 1959134 5877 300228 33% No 0 144765 16%

34 733 DGC 120-1 WEISHAUPT G 7/1-D, GL 7/1-D, RGL 7/1-D, G7/1-D ZMI70 875 1995 78867 5521 305749 34% 5521 150286 17%

35 1324 DGC >10 Dunphy HBG - 6.140 1 11812 2006 5438065 5438 311187 35% No 0 150286 17%

36 1295 DGC 5-10 WEISHAUPT WKGL 70/2 - A 4 7470 2005 1350677 5403 316590 35% 5403 155689 17%

37 1153 DGC2-5 WEISHAUPT G50/2-A 15 3632 1999 352136 5282 321872 36% 5282 160971 18%

38 1390 DGC >10 ZANTINGH RKB 1000 5 12679 1993 1051321 5257 327129 36% No 0 160971 18%

39 1296 DGC 5-10 WEISHAUPT WKGL 70/2-A(ZMH) 5 9355 2003 1030426 5152 332281 37% 5152 166123 19%

40 909 DGC 1-2 HNG EJ KENDT 24 1375 1996 213591 5126 337407 38% No 0 166123 19%

DGC-report 54

ANNEX 4: What is the reference data (for NOx emissions) we have connected to each line of the population database?

The columns of the table:

A1 The rank obtained as described above (see para. 3.1)

B1 Appliance type, Name of the appliance (obtained by combining A4 –Manufacturer name &

A5 – Model)

B2 Appliance used from GASTECH database measurements

B3 to B10 Statistics for Pmin and Pmax

B11 Explanation of the origin of data used in B3 to B10

Approx. 1400 lines.

DGC-report 55

Example (first 40 lines)

A1 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11Rank Appliance type Appliance used from GASTECH database

measurements

Pmin NOX Std n Pmax NOX Std n Data source (indicated for

the TOP200): for the rest

see B2

kW ppm Std n kW ppm Std n

daf daf

avg 59,9 63,1

1 HNGEJ KENDT no data

2 WEISHAUPT WG 40 N/1-A Weishaupt WG 40 N/1-A 148 48 12 94 357 44 13 69 DATA GASTECH

3 WEISHAUPT G70/2-A Weishaupt G70/2-A 785 49 6 3 1548 52 9 3 DATA GASTECH

4 DANSTOKER TDB Ray BCEG 1000 3744 99 4 2 4577 101 5 2 DGC measurement --> RAYBGE C-1000

5 WEISHAUPT G 3/1-E, GL 3/1-E, RGL 3/1-E, G3/1-E ZMIWeishaupt G3/1-E 215 72 15 97 383 67 13 92 DATA GASTECH

6 WEISHAUPT G7/1D 300-1750 KW Weishaupt G7/ 1-ZMD 521 64 18 47 1013 60 19 43 DATA GASTECH

7 WEISHAUPT WG 30N/1-A Weishaupt WG 30 90 58 24 28 217 52 21 25 DATA GASTECH

8 AALBORG INDUSTRIES MISSION TM OM 25t/h DGC data 85 1 85 1 DGC in situ measurement

9 Saacke/Bentone SG 60/80/100/150 Bentone SG 140-2 465 77 13 9 860 76 12 8 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

10 WEISHAUPT G3/1-E Weishaupt G3/1-E 215 72 15 97 383 67 13 92 DATA GASTECH

11 WEISHAUPT G 7/1-D, GL 7/1-D, RGL 7/1-D, G7/1-D ZMIWeishaupt G7/ 1-ZMD 521 64 18 47 1013 60 19 43 DATA GASTECH

12 HOLLENSEN GASMASTER DGC data 63 1 63 1 DGC in situ measurement

13 WEISHAUPT RGL 70 1/A Weishaupt RG 70/1-A - ZM 1157 87 2 2 0 91 5 2 DATA GASTECH

14 WEISHAUPT G9/1-D GL9/1-D Weishaupt G9/1D 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18 DATA GASTECH

15 WEISHAUPT G 50/2-A Weishaupt G50/2-A 753 99 26 4 1966 83 24 5 DATA GASTECH

16 WEISHAUPT G 5/1-D, GL 5/1-D, RGL 5/1-D.ZMIWeishaupt G5/1-D 356 68 15 51 629 69 15 49 DATA GASTECH

17 WEISHAUPT G10/1-D, GL10/1-D,RGL 10/1-D Weishaupt G10/1-D-ZDM 739 93 15 22 1848 88 8 18 DATA GASTECH

18 RAY BGE 1500 RAY OTHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

19 WEISHAUPT G 70/2-A, RGL 70/2-A, RGMS 70/2-AWeishaupt G70/2-A 785 49 6 3 1548 52 9 3 DATA GASTECH

20 WEISHAUPT G5/1 Weishaupt G5/1-D 356 68 15 51 629 69 15 49 DATA GASTECH

21 RAY BGEC700 RAY OTHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

22 RAY EG 500 RAY OTHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

23 HNG EJ KENDT no data

24 WEISHAUPT G 70 / 2 - A (1000 - 10500KW Weishaupt G70/2-A 784,9 48,98 5,784 3 1548 51,81 8,803 3 DATA GASTECH

25 DANSTOKER DHA Danstoker DHA 2036 108 18 4 1741 98 13 4 DATA GASTECH

26 WEISHAUPT G 8/1-D, GL 8/1-D, RGL 8/1-D Weishaupt G-8/1-D 738,8 93,347 14,89 22 1848 88,25 8,428 18 DATA GASTECH

27 DANSTOKER TVB Danstoker TVB 1193 85 18 25 2303 85 16 25 DATA GASTECH

28 SAACKE SKVJG Sacke all > 2000 kW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

29 DANSTOKER Solo kedel no data

30 RAY EG 500 RAY OTHER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

31 ZANTINGH RKB 1000 ND 9,0 MM G Zantingh OTHER 405,5 64,161 9,847 5 505,7 72,84 4,363 5 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

32 SAACKE GLS 95 Sacke GLS 55 1184 33,885 2,266 4 3908 39,49 5,957 3 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

33 Saacke DG100 Sacke all > 2000 kW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

34 WEISHAUPT G 7/1-D, GL 7/1-D, RGL 7/1-D, G7/1-D ZMIWeishaupt G7/ 1-ZMD 520,6 63,556 18,02 47 1013 60,43 18,68 43 DATA GASTECH

35 Dunphy HBG - 6.140 Dunphy all 162 57 22 133 512 60 19 121 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

36 WEISHAUPT WKGL 70/2 - A Weishaupt WKGL 40/2-A & WKGL 70/Z-A ZMD 1466 108,8 13,08 9 3743 102,2 13,37 9 DATA GASTECH

37 WEISHAUPT G50/2-A Weishaupt G50/2-A 753,2 98,685 26,42 4 1966 83,02 23,51 5 DATA GASTECH

38 ZANTINGH RKB 1000 Zantingh OTHER 405,5 64,161 9,847 5 505,7 72,84 4,363 5 statistics other burners /same manufacturer

39 WEISHAUPT WKGL 70/2-A(ZMH) Weishaupt WKGL 40/2-A & WKGL 70/Z-A ZMD 1466 108,8 13,08 9 3743 102,2 13,37 9 DATA GASTECH

40 HNG EJ KENDT no data

DGC-report 56

ANNEX 5: Calculations

The columns of the table:

A1 Rank

C1 The average emissions Pmin/Pmax: (B4+ B8)/2 ppm

C2 The converted value above in mg/kWh (*) mg/kWh

C3 Total gas used (*) kWh

C4 Emissions (= C2.C3) g

C5 U3 extrapolation (Uncertainty see para. 3.3.3) % rel.

C6 U4 Pmax / Pmin (Uncertainty see para. 3.3.3) % rel.

C7 U Total (Uncertainty see para. 3.3.3) % rel.

C8 Total NOx (in kg) = C4/1000 for appliances with data only Kg

C3' Total heat input: same as C3, but for appliances with data only kWh

C9 Gas consumption in GJ (= 0,036 . C3’) GJ

Approx. 1400 lines

(*) GAS USED FOR THE CALCULATIONS = natural gas DK 2014

Conversion ppm/mgKWh DK 2014: 1,675mg/kWh per pm

Calorific value 10,981 kWh/m3

DGC-report 57

Example (first 40 lines)

A1 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C3' C9Rank Avg

emissions

Total gas used Emissions U3

extrapolat

ion

U4 Pmax /

Pmin

U Total Total Nox Total heat

input

Gas

consumpti

on

- ppm mg/kWh kWh g % rel. % rel. % rel. Kg kWh GJ

TOTAL --> 81773385 6834 59464880 214074

avg --> 73% 21% 4% 31%

1 0 0 3541082 0 4% 35%

2 45 76 1527277 116086 22% 9% 25% 116,1 1527276,6 5498

3 46,7 78 1093880 85553 13% 1% 17% 85,6 1093879,8 3938

4 100 167 1084608 181505 5% 1% 11% 181,5 1084608,3 3905

5 71 119 989335 118091 21% 5% 24% 118,1 989334,9 3562

6 60 100 958087 95901 31% 3% 33% 95,9 958086,9 3449

7 57 95 950203 90326 38% 4% 40% 90,3 950202,6 3421

8 85 142 910664 128943 0% 4% 11% 128,9 910663,9 3278

9 76 127 817121 103661 17% 2% 20% 103,7 817121,5 2942

10 71 119 787431 93991 21% 5% 24% 94,0 787431,3 2835

11 60 100 764876 76561 31% 3% 33% 76,6 764875,5 2754

12 63 106 758072 80225 0% 4% 11% 80,2 758071,8 2729

13 91 152 747214 113604 0% 4% 11% 113,6 747214,4 2690

14 90 151 716574 108504 8% 7% 15% 108,5 716573,9 2580

15 106 178 712271 126950 0% 9% 14% 126,9 712270,6 2564

16 70 117 704459 82674 24% 1% 26% 82,7 704459,4 2536

17 88 147 703697 103330 15% 15% 24% 103,3 703696,6 2533

18 76 127 701804 88871 27% 3% 29% 88,9 701804,5 2526

19 47 78 678546 53069 13% 1% 17% 53,1 678545,8 2443

20 70 117 662328 77730 24% 1% 26% 77,7 662328,0 2384

21 76 127 638437 80846 27% 3% 29% 80,8 638437,3 2298

22 76 127 636293 80575 27% 3% 29% 80,6 636292,7 2291

23 0 0 624971 0 4% 35%

24 47 78 617856 48323 13% 1% 17% 48,3 617856,2 2224

25 82 137 584428 80312 53% 5% 54% 80,3 584427,6 2104

26 81 136 569228 77538 11% 3% 15% 77,5 569228,1 2049

27 82 138 568110 78137 21% 0% 23% 78,1 568110,4 2045

28 48 80 565481 45063 45% 4% 46% 45,1 565480,8 2036

29 0 0 551748 0 4% 35%

30 76 127 547261 69301 27% 3% 29% 69,3 547261,2 1970

31 69 116 546924 63539 11% 8% 17% 63,5 546923,9 1969

32 37 62 545214 33916 10% 9% 17% 33,9 545213,9 1963

33 37 62 535234 33295 10% 9% 17% 33,3 535233,7 1927

34 60 100 502752 50323 31% 3% 33% 50,3 502752,4 1810

35 58 98 495225 48410 36% 2% 37% 48,4 495224,9 1783

36 107 179 492005 88255 0% 5% 11% 88,3 492005,2 1771

37 106 178 481017 85733 0% 9% 14% 85,7 481016,5 1732

38 69 116 478700 55613 11% 8% 17% 55,6 478699,9 1723

39 107 179 469186 84161 0% 5% 11% 84,2 469185,8 1689

40 0 0 466824 0 4% 35%

DGC-report 58

ANNEX 6: Ecom-J2KN pro industry analyser specifications

From http://www.gastech.dk/System/Download/Aktuel/Produktblad%20ecom-J2KNpro%20industri%20(raMtPb).pdf

DGC-report 59

ANNEX 7: Conversion factor for various gases: details of calculation

Table1 of the report shows conversion factor for various gases. This annex shows how the F fac-

tor was calculated for Danish gas 1993 and 2014.

For G20, G25 and G31, the value below are standard values given by [3]

2014 Coeff Vfd Hi F Factor

- Kg/m3 m3/m3 kWh/mn³

G20 3,413 2,054 8,56 34,020 1,764

G25 3,413 2,054 7,5 29,250 1,798

G31 3,413 2,054 22,32 88,000 1,778

DK gas 1993 3,413 2,054 9,323 39,023 1,767

DK gas 2014 3,413 2,054 9,490 39,719 1,768

DK 2014 Component Indhold

Vol (%)

Brint H2 0,00000

Kulilte CO 0,00000

Metan CH4 89,19000

Etylen C2H4 0,00000

Etan C2H6 5,95000

Propen C3H6 0,00000

Propan C3H8 2,40000

Buten C4H8 0,00000

iso-Butan C4H10 0,37000

n-Butan C4H10 0,56000

iso-Pentan C5H12 0,12000

n-Pentan C5H12 0,09000

C6+ C6H14 0,09000

Kuldioxid CO2 0,96000

Ilt O2 0,00000

Kvælstof N2 0,31000

TOTAL 100,04000

Brændværdi,nedre kJ/m3n (0C) 39719

Brændværdi,øvre kJ/m3n 43911

Minimum røggasmængde (tør): m3nt/m3n gas 9,4938

Brændværdi,nedre kJ/m3n (15C) 37650

FF 1,768

DGC-report 60

DK 1993 Component Indhold

Vol (%)

Brint H2 0,00000

Kulilte CO 0,00000

Metan CH4 90,75000

Etylen C2H4 0,00000

Etan C2H6 5,15000

Propen C3H6 0,00000

Propan C3H8 1,89000

Buten C4H8 0,00000

iso-Butan C4H10 0,39000

n-Butan C4H10 0,29000

iso-Pentan C5H12 0,20000

n-Pentan C5H12 0,15000

C6+ C6H14 0,00000

Kuldioxid CO2 0,61000

Ilt O2 0,00000

Kvælstof N2 0,32000

TOTAL 99,75000

Brændværdi,nedre kJ/m3n (0C) 39023

Brændværdi,øvre kJ/m3n 43166

Minimum røggasmængde (tør): m3nt/m3n gas 9,3229

Brændværdi,nedre kJ/m3n (15C) 36990

FF 1,767

DGC-report 61

We have recalculated the value for CH4, just to make sure that the method used above was cor-

rect. This is confirmed as the value calculated is the same as the standard value.

CH4 Component Indhold

Vol (%)

Brint H2 0,00000

Kulilte CO 0,00000

Metan CH4 100,00000

Etylen C2H4 0,00000

Etan C2H6 0,00000

Propen C3H6 0,00000

Propan C3H8 0,00000

Buten C4H8 0,00000

iso-Butan C4H10 0,00000

n-Butan C4H10 0,00000

iso-Pentan C5H12 0,00000

n-Pentan C5H12 0,00000

C6+ C6H14 0,00000

Kuldioxid CO2 0,00000

Ilt O2 0,00000

Kvælstof N2 0,00000

TOTAL 100,00000

Brændværdi,nedre kJ/m3n (0C) 35883

Brændværdi,øvre kJ/m3n 39819

Minimum røggasmængde (tør): m3nt/m3n gas 8,5584

Brændværdi,nedre kJ/m3n (15C) 34014

FF 1,764