EVALUATION OF THE UTAH OIL SAND RESOURCErepository.icse.utah.edu/dspace/bitstream/123456789... ·...

EVALUATION OF THE UTAH OIL SAND RESOURCE

By

Joseph M. Glassett and

Wayne R. Gould

Final Report To

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES

Contract No. J0255035

August 19 76

The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or recommendations of the Interior Department's Bureau of Mines or of the U.S. Government. No inventions or patents have resulted from work on this contract.

EYRING RESEARCH INSTITUTE 1455 W. 820 N.

Provo, Utah 84 601 (801) 375-2434

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT . . 1

INTRODUCTION . 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2

THE SUNNYSIDE OIL SAND DEPOSIT 3

Background 3 Early Surface Mining 6 Surface Minable Areas 8 Coreholes and Wells 9 Oil Sand Quality 14 Discussion of Results 15

THE TAR SAND TRIANGLE OIL SAND DEPOSIT . . . . 16

Background 16 Saturated Zone Characteristics 18 Extent of Deposit 21 Oil Sand Quality .25 Discussion of Results .25

THE P.R. SPRING OIL SAND DEPOSIT . . 27

Background 27 Methods of Study 34

Topographic Maps 34 Aerial Photographs .36 Minable Area Measurements 38 Measured Stratigraphic Sections 38 Core Holes 40

Discussion of Results 51

RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS 57

REFERENCES 59

APPENDIX . . . -62

Township Grids 63 Topographic Maps. . . . . . . . 90 Utah Surveying Grid 124

ii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Location of Oil Sand Deposits A

2 Sunnyside Oil Sand Deposit . 5

3 Geologic Map and Cross Section of Bituminous Sandstone Deposits Near Quarries of the Rock Asphalt Company of Utah 7

4 Wells Drilled in the Sunnyside Area . . .10

5 Signal Oil and Gas Company Sunnyside Lease Area. . .11

6 Oil Saturation in Signal Oil Company's

Horizontal Wells .13

7 Topographic Map of Tar Sand Triangle Area 17

8 Diagrammatic Cross Section of Tar Sand Triangle. . .19

9 Isopach Map of Oil-Impregnated Zone of the

Tar Sand Triangle Deposit 20

10 Isopach Map of White Rim Sandstone Formation . . . .22

11 Tar Sand Triangle Cross Section 23

12 Isopachs of Coconino-White Rim Saturation. . . . . .24

13 P.R. Spring Campsite .29

14 USGS Topographic Map Index 35

15 Aerial Photograph of P.R. Spring Quadrangle 37

16 Typical Oil Sand Outcrop at the P.R. Spring Deposit. 38

17 Location of Core Holes in P.R. Spring Deposit. • - -42

18 Skyline Oil Company Core Holes 49

19 Most Favorable Surface Mining Areas 55

LIST OF TABLES

Table

1 Tertiary Formations of the Southeastern Uinta Basin. 30

2 Comparison of P.R. Spring and Athabasca Oil Sands. .32

3 Distillation Data for P.R. Spring Bitumens . . . . .33

4 Topographic Quadrangle Maps Used . 34

5 Measured Stratigraphic Sections .39

6 P.R. Spring Core Hole Data 43

xxx

List of Tables (cont.)

Page

7 Selected P.R. Spring Core Data* 47

8 Locations of P.R. Spring Core Holes 48

9 Locations of Skyline Oil Company Core Holes . . . . .50

10 Surface Mining Variables 52

11 P.R. Spring Data - Total vs. Minable 53

12 Minable Reserve by Township 54

iv

EVALUATION OF THE UTAH OIL SAND RESOURCE by

Joseph M. Glassett* and Wayne R. Gould**

ABSTRACT

The three largest oil sand deposits in Utah, namely, the Tar Sand

Triangle, the P.R. Spring, and the Sunnyside deposits, have been

studied to contribute data relative to the surface and insitu

mining of these deposits and to recommend research that should

be conducted to develop the Utah oil sand resource. The Sunnyside

and Tar Sand Triangle deposits are ranked first and second in

desirability for large scale surface mining. Although some sur-

face minable areas in these two deposits are identified in a

general way, specific surface minable areas could not be identi-

fied due to a dearth of core drilling and other geologic data.

Much more data was found on the P.R. Spring oil sand deposit and

specific surface minable areas are identified. About 182 of the

270 square miles of the P.R. Spring deposit are covered with less

than 120 feet of overburden. The percentage of minable areas of

each of 508 square mile sections has been calculated. Some of

the pay zones are too deep for surface mining; consequently, only

17.4 feet of the 33.9 foot total average pay thickness is surface

minable. The minable ore reserve is 3260 million cubic yards

containing 1550 million barrels of oil (34.5 percent of the total

P.R. Spring oil reserve).

Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at Brigham Young University

Research Assistant

INTRODUCTION

There is an urgent need for orderly development of additional

sources of hydrocarbons if the national goal of energy inde-

pendence is to be reached. The oil sand deposits of Utah have

an estimated potential for producing twenty-eight billion barrels

of oil. Most of the deposits are located in eastern Utah. Al-

though this resource is only a small fraction of the total U.S.

requirement, it could be an important source of hydrocarbons on

a regional basis.

The Bureau of Mines is conducting research on the surface mining

of oil sands with the following objectives: (1) To identify and

characterize the oil sand deposits of Utah; (2) To provide an

evaluation of surface mining and processing of the larger deposits;

and (3) To provide information on research that may be conducted

to speed up the development of the oil sand resource.

This particular study contributes to the accomplishment of the

above three objectives as far as the three giant oil sand deposits,

Sunnyside, Tar Sand Triangle and P.R. Spring, are concerned.

These three deposits alone contain more than 24 of the 28 billion

barrels of oil in place in Utah oil sands. The recovery of a

significant portion of this oil reserve by surface mining and

insitu mining methods would contribute greatly toward the future

oil needs of the Rocky Mountain region.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Eyring Research Institute wishes to express appreciation to those

who contributed information to this study of the Sunnyside, Tar

Sand Triangle, and P.R. Spring oil sand deposits.

2

THE SUNNYSIDE OIL SAND DEPOSIT

BACKGROUND

The locations of the three oil sand deposits in eastern Utah

which are discussed in this report are indicated in Figure 1 .

The Sunnyside deposit in the southwest part of the Uinta Basin

is the third largest oil sand deposit in Utah on an oil reserve

basis and contains an estimated 3.5 to 4.0 billion barrels

of oil in place. Ritzma says that this oil reserve is the

sum of 1.25 billion barrels measured, 1.75 billion barrels

indicated, and 0.5 to 1.0 billion barrels inferred. The areal

extent of the deposit may be as great as 90 square miles. It

lies within Townships 12, 13, and 14 South, Ranges 13, 14 and

15 East in Carbon County.

Figure 2 is a map of the area north of the coal mining town

of Sunnyside in Carbon County, Utah. The Sunnyside oil sand

deposit is about five miles north of Sunnyside, which is a

terminal point of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.

The deposit can be reached from Sunnyside by driving about

three miles up Whitmore Canyon and about five miles via un-

improved road up Water Canyon. This oil sand deposit is ideally

located to contribute to the resources needed for the "Utah (2)

Energy Corridor" proposed by Dr. George R. Hill of the

Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).

The Sunnyside oil sand deposit outcrops for nine miles along

the southwest side and near the top of the Book Cliffs. Most

of the oil saturation occurs in the upper third of the 3700

foot thick Wasatch Formation of Lower Eocene Age. Some oil

saturation also occurs in the lower overlying beds of the

3

JL -R+E i G E — •

Green River Formation of Middle Eocene'Age. Holmes, et all '

indicated that the pay zones (from three to twelve of them) are

from 10 to 350 feet thick within a 1000 foot interval between

the elevations of 9,000 and 10,000 feet. The outcropping beds

dip gently northeastward into the Uinta Basin at angles from 3

to 10 degrees. Outcrops can be found in the canyons of Dry Creek

and Range Creek on the dip slope northeast of the crest of the

Book Cliffs.

On Figure 2, the oil sand outcrop locations identified by (3)

Holmes, et al have been transferred to portions of the pre-liminary topographic maps entitled Mount Bartles, Bruin Point, and Patmos Head published by the United States Geological Survey in 1972. Known coreholes have been located on this figure also.

Figure 3 is a geologic cross section and map of about a one

square mile area surrounding an oil sand or rock asphalt quarry (4) which was carefully mapped by Holmes et al in 1945. Figure 3

has been copied from their publication entitled, "Geology of the

Bituminous Sandstone Deposits near Sunnyside, Carbon County, Utah."

EARLY SURFACE MINING

Open pit mining of oil sand or "rock asphalt" began at the

Sunnyside deposit as early as 1892 to obtain paving material for

Salt Lake City streets. A second quarry was opened in 1915 at

the head of Water Canyon. Early in the history of this quarry,

a three-mile-long aerial tramway (see Figure 3) was built to

transport the drilled and blasted oil sand by gravity down

Water Canyon to the rail head. The oil sand lumps were then

crushed to minus one-half inch mesh, mixed with water to prevent (5) caking, and stockpiled or loaded into railroad cars. Young

said that the daily production rate was less than 150 tons per

day although the mill and tramway capacities were more than 500

6

SEVENTH ANNUAL FIELD CONFERENCE— 1956

EXPLANATION

li Surf idol deposits

, , . r ^ Green River formotion Y7f

tons per day. The low production rate was due to a limited

market for the use of the oil sand as road paving material.

Transportation cost to the points of use was the chief market (6)

limitation. Arentz said that more than 300,000 tons of

Sunnyside rock asphalt was quarried, crushed, spread, and rolled

as is on roads. He suggested the possible sale of extracted

bitumen to oil refineries. The quarry only operated from about.

May to November due to severe weather conditions and snow pack

during the winter and spring months. The writers found the road

above the quarry blocked by snow drifts in early June of 1975.

SURFACE MINABLE AREAS

Additional corehole data are needed at the Sunnyside oil sand

deposit before surface minable areas can be accurately identified. (3)

Holmes, et al named three areas where the overburden is shallow

enough to consider surface mining. "Among these are the long

ridge that forms the western boundary of the area shown in

Figure 3 (the one square mile area mapped in 1945); the saddle

northwest of Bruin Point between Bruin Creek and the South Fork

of Dry Creek; and the area of broad outcrops on the divide be-

tween the heads of Left Fork and Slide Fork of Right Fork."

The cross-section near the quarry of the Rock Asphalt Company

of Utah published by these writers shows about 6 80 feet of

overburden (not counting the thin ore beds in this upper layer)

and about 1160 feet of pay containing some barren zones. The

overburden to pay ratio for this cross-section is about 0.4.

The pay zone in this figure is more than one-half mile wide and

contains about 500,000 square yards of oil sand in cross-section.

Similar cross-sections extending for only one mile might contain

about 0.9 billion cubic yards of pay and 0.34 billion cubic yards

of overburden. If the average oil saturation were 20 gallons per

cubic yard, this amount of pay would contain 430 million barrels

of oil. This small portion of the Sunnyside oil sand deposit

8

would provide feed for a 59,000 barrel per calendar day extraction

plant for 20 years.

COREHOLES AND WELLS

Petroleum Investment Company of Salt Lake City, Utah publishes

a map, which is updated monthly, of all of the wells drilled

for oil and gas in the State of Utah. Figure 4 is a copy of

the portion of this map which covers the Sunnyside oil sand

deposit area. The map shows the name of the firm who drilled

the well and the total depth of the well in addition to the

well's location. Often little attention is paid and no record

is made of oil sand encountered when drilling for oil and gas.

Often the top one thousand feet or more of an oil and gas well

is drilled before the geologist arrives at the site and well

cuttings are not saved for his examination.

Figure 5 is a topographic map surrounding Section 4, Township 14 (7) South, Range 14 East by Combs which shows the location of four

wells drilled by Signal Oil and Gas Company and four wells

drilled by Shell Oil Company. The Signal Sunnyside No. 1 core-

hole at elevation 10,273 feet near Bruin Point was drilled

August 14 to 27, 1964 to a depth of 1434 feet. Cores were

analyzed from the 400 to 1321 foot interval. Two oil sand zones

were identified. The upper zone from 601 to 844 foot depth

(243 feet thick) contained 148 feet of oil saturated sandstone

having an average oil saturation of 46 percent and an average

water saturation of 12 to 15 percent. The main zone from 84 8

to 1246 foot depth (398 feet thick) contained 218 feet of oil

sand having an average oil saturation of 60 percent and an

average water saturation of 15 percent. The total of these

two zones from 601 to 124 6 foot depth (645 feet thick) contained

366 feet of oil sand having an average oil saturation of 55

percent, an average water saturation of 14 percent, an average

9

^

NUTTER — i —

ZAN. 'ON

SHAM 10CK

+

#•"

T .SINCl '5SO0

^>

w

S ^

CASTLE PEA*

±6 «oc

3 1 /

PLEASANT

VALLEY

%

PUPF I

VONO,

\

booof A. J

12 • ( 4

5998 •)

"^

- y - P L f t i - B 4*v> f*

HUSIOI O

, f > . L U P 3

--3>.« i

for •*-; st»

.-Sasf W , fwe-4

H-4*

ato $wutec*rT**t?;*~~t\ ^

f r J*3U«Ei* it

5Jfl . M W CUFFS

^

tf UM8LE 2

L_Jfe£t Kt?'*_ '

i l l ;££!

RI4E

/

•7

450CT CHiiSMn

•v

.4-

[Y

RISE

ALAS 0 2

X .

8 0 S

Signol Sunnyside No. I

Shell's Test tVells

Three Horizontal Wells 102,101,103

I000O

B750 90 OO 9000

9750

9500

8250 9000

T I 4 S , R I4E

F i g u r e 5 .

4 / 3 / 6 7 HORIZ WELLS SHOWN ( H G J ) Exhibi t A

DRAFTSMAN H G J

APPROVED

DATE Morch 16. 1966

SCALE I : 2 0 0 0

S I G N A L O I L A N D GAS C O M P A N Y

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP SUNNYSIDE LEASE AREA

SUNNYSIDE, CARBON COUNTY. UTAH .

DRWG. NO.

A - 2 2 3 6 SUPERSEDES DWG. NO.

1 1

porosity of 25 percent, and a permeability ranging from 750 to

1750 millidarcies. The location of the oil sand zones found

during the coring of Signal Sunnyside No. 1 agree favorably with

the stratigraphic section made by Holmes and Page in 1945.

On May 20, 19 65, a hearing was held and Shell Oil Company was

granted permission by Utah's Division of Oil and Gas Conservation

to drill five wells on one-acre spacing in Section 3, Township 14

South, Range 14 East in Carbon County. The application states

that the Sunnyside Experimental project involved the injection

of steam to see if bitumen could be produced from the injection

well or from adjacent wells. A maximum drilling depth of 1500

feet was specified. Detailed results of Shell's steam flood test

have not yet been published; however, it is known that no oil was

produced. Steam losses were probably due to vertical fractures

in the formation.

During 1966, Signal Oil and Gas Company drilled three horizontal

wells and conducted huff and puff and steam flood tests. The

drilling was done during the period July 14 to August 31, 1966

into the cliff face at the quarry of the Rock Asphalt Company of

Utah. These holes were drilled about 370 feet deep with the

bottom 50 feet perforated. The wells were drilled up grade 10

feet per 100 feet of hole to facilitate the recovery of oil and

water during the steam flood test. The central production well,

#101, was flanked 30 feet to the left by an injection well, #102,

and 50 feet to the right by a second injection well, #103. (7)

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram by Combs which shows the oxl sand zones encountered during the drilling of these three wells.

A steam huff and puff test was conducted by injecting steam into

the center well during the period September 6 to 12, 1966. About

142,800 pounds of steam (138,000,000 Btu) were injected into

the center well and 7,000 pounds of water was recovered. No oil

was recovered.

12

?

50 PERFORATIONS ALL WELLS

HEAVY OIL SATURATION

GOOD OIL SATURATION

"'• » f »"»'"»

MEDIUM TO FAIR OIL SATURATION

BARREN

TOE OF QUARRY CLIFF

DRAFTSMAN H.G.J.

APPROVED

D A T E A p r i l , 19 67 SCAl E

S I G N A L O I L A N D GAS C O M P A N Y

Figure 6. OIL SATURATION HORIZONTAL WELLS

c i m n v c i n c i L3_ » • • » - * • •

DRYVG. NO.

A- 2245 SUPERSEDES

During the period September 12 to November 1, 1966, steam was

injected into the two outside wells and water and oil were

produced from the center well. About 13,835 barrels of steam

(4,671,000,000 Btu) were injected and about 3,900 barrels of

water and rope-like oil were produced. The net oil production

from this steam flood test was 566 barrels.

Notice on Figure 6 how markedly the barren zone expands as one

moves to the right from well #102 to well #101 to well #103.

This condition illustrates a major difficulty with oil sand

deposits in general. The continuity of the oil saturation zones

cannot be depended upon. The continuity of saturated zones in

oil shale deposits is much more reliable.

OIL SAND QUALITY

Shea and Higgins were successful in recovering 90 percent of

the oil from Sunnyside oil sand in their laboratory using a hot

water extraction process. They produced a good quality asphalt

by removing the lowest boiling fraction (3.9 volume percent) by

vacuum distillation.

(3) Holmes, et al indicate that the bitumen content of the

(5)

Sunnyside oil sand varies up to more than 13 percent. Young

said that many carload lot samples taken from the Rock Asphalt

Company of Utah's quarry analyzed between 10 and 11 percent (9) bitumen. Campbell says that the average bitumen content of

24 oil sand samples from Sunnyside was 8.97 percent, compared

with an average bitumen content of 6.13 percent on 454 samples

from the P.R. Spring deposit.

(3)

Holmes, et al report a porosity of 28.5 percent and a

permeability of 365 millidarcies after bitumen extraction.

These relatively high values indicate good reservoir char-

acteristics for insitu oil recovery.

14

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

The Sunnyside oil sand deposit is rated by the writers to be

the deposit most favorable for large scale surface mining. The

principal reasons for this high rating are the thick pay zones

and the relatively low overburden to pay ratio. Other advantages

of the deposit include relatively high percent bitumen in the

oil sand, low percent sulfur in the bitumen, accessibility to

a railroad and a paved highway, and relative ease of reclamation

of surface mined land.

Another advantage of the Sunnyside deposit is its nearness to (2)

the "Energy Corridor" proposed by Dr. George R. Hill of EPRI.

A Sunnyside oil sand extraction, upgrading, and refining facility

can contribute conventional petroleum products to compliment the

production of coal and electricity in the corridor.

Some disadvantages of surface mining the Sunnyside deposit are

as follows. The terrain is mountainous and rugged. The elevation

at the Bruin Point microwave relay station is 10,285 feet and the

oil sand pay zones lie between 9,000 and 10,000 feet elevation.

Some water is available in the area due to the spring runoff from

the high elevation winter snowpack. If a large volume of water

is needed for mining and extraction, it will have to be pumped

from the Green River which flows less than ten miles east of the

deposits1 most eastern minable extremity. Competition with other

users of the Green River water will be keen.

15

THE TAR SAND TRIANGLE OIL SAND DEPOSIT

BACKGROUND

Ritzma estimates that the Tar Sand Triangle oil sand deposit

contains from 12.5 to 16 billion barrels of oil in place. It

has the largest oil reserve of any known oil sand deposit in

the United States and contains more than fifty percent of the

oil sand reserve of the United States. Figure 1 shows that

the Tar Sand Triangle is located in central southeast Utah with

the Green River on the east, the Colorado River on the south,

and the Dirty Devil River on the west. Figure 7, a topographic

map of the Tar Sand Triangle area, indicates that this giant

oil sand deposit is close to Lake Powell on the Colorado River

and the west boundary of Canyonlands National Park. Campbell

says that approximately 45 percent of the oil sand deposit is

within the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Canyonlands

and Glen Canyon are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department

of the Interior, National Park Service. Most of the remainder

of the deposit is on federal land under the jurisdiction of the

Bureau of Land Management except for four sections per township

of state land. The Tar Sand Triangle oil sand deposit covers between

200 and 230 square miles in Garfield and Wayne Counties and lies

within Townships 29, 30, 30.5, 31, 32, 32.5, and 33 South,

Ranges 14, 15, 16, and 17 East.

(9) Campbell states that more than 99 percent of the oil xn the

Tar Sand Triangle deposit occurs in the White Rim Formation

sandstone and some oil occurs in the Cedar Mesa Formation

sandstone. Both of these formations are members of the Cutler (9)

Group of Permian Age (230 to 280 million years old). Campbell

said that the oil was trapped "in a pinch-out of the White Rim

16

3 0 ' R 13 E

t^mmz&mmM FIGURE 7

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF TAR SAKD T5IAKGLE AREA

on the northwest plunge of the Monument Upwarp. The rocks are

inclined northerly at 1 to 3 degrees with most of the exposures

of bituminous sands occurring on cliff faces and canyon walls.

Only at the Elaterite Basin in the northeastern part of the

deposit is there a broad exposure of the bituminous sandstone,

This thickness of oil-saturated White Rim sandstone ranges

from 5 to over 300 feet. The lower end of that range is found

primarily near the southeasterly wedge-edge of the formation

and at the northwesterly downdip limits of the deposit, where

oil impregnation occurs only at the top of the formation. The

thickness of the formation and of the oil saturation is 100 to

300 feet over most of the deposit."

SATURATED ZONE CHARACTERISTICS

There is only one oil-impregnated pay zone in the Tar Sand

Triangle oil sand deposit. Figure 8 is a diagrammatic cross-

section from west to east across the deposit presented by

Ritzma .

The Utah Geological and Mineral Survey has been able to outline

the extent of the deposit from limited oil well and corehole

data.

Figure 9 is an isopach map showing the thickness of the oil-

impregnated zone in the Tar Sand Triangle oil sand deposit.

The pay zone thickness contours are preliminary in nature and are

based on both published and unpublished data gathered by the

Utah Geological and Mineral Survey. The authors have super-

imposed the thickness contour lines on parts of the standard

United States Geological Survey topographic quadrangle maps

entitled Fiddler Butte and Orange Cliffs.

It is believed that a water drive from the northwest forced

18

WEST-SOUTHWEST

+ 6000-

Mobil No. I Robber's Roost

+ 5 0 0 0

EAST-SOUTHEAST

ORANGE CLIFFS

-+5000

Updlp pinchout

+4000

MILES 5

~mmm -10

Figure 8. DIAGRAMMATIC CROSS SECTION

- TAR SAND TRIANGLE -GARFIELD AND WAYNE COUNTIES, UTAH

SHOWING OIL-IMPREGNATED SANDSTONE DEPOSIT IN WHITE RIM SANDSTONE(PERMIAN)

* W ! ^ ? ? B ^ ^ ® I ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ « ^ S M S 3 « ? ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^

H88 u-tt

ft M i -» • TV t;;-i^KV /

the oil southeastward into the deposit area. This certainly

explains why the oil impregnation is believed to decrease to

the northwest after the second 300 foot contour «Line is crossed

on Figure 9 even though the White Rim Sandstone Formation con-

tinues to thicken to 600 feet or more according to Figure 10

taken from Baars and Seager .

Surface minable areas in the deposit other than near the out-

crops are difficult to locate with any degree of confidence

due to a dearth of corehole and oil well data. As indicated

by Figure 8, the pay zone dips upward to the east southeast

from the Dirty Devil River to the Orange Cliffs. Figure 11

shows two cross-section lines drawn through five oil wells by

UGMS. The authors have superimposed the cross-section lines

on the Fiddler Butte and Orange Cliffs quadrangle maps, placed

elliptical mile markers on the lines and placed information

flags between the mile markers. The data on the flags are as

follows: (1) the elevation above sea level of the top of

the pay zone, (2) the thickness of the pay zone in feet, and

(3) the thickness of the overburden above the pay zone in feet.

EXTENT OF DEPOSIT

There are indications that the Tar Sand Triangle oil sand deposit

may be much larger than indicated by Ritzma . McDonald

of Wolf Energy Company of Denver, Colorado, has authored a

map entitled, "Isopachs of Coconino-White Rim Saturation."

The oil saturation thickness contour lines on this map (see

Figure 12) extend northward from the Tar Sand Triangle

through Wayne County and as far north as Township 23 South, (12)

Range 13 East in Emery County. McDonald' says, "In the

large block in T. 25 through 27 S., R. 12 through 15 E., there

are 131 sections that are apparently underlain by heavy oil

sands exceeding 50 feet in thickness, and ranging upward to

21

D. L. Boars and W. R. Seagar

Figure 10.

Isopach Map of White Rim Sandstone Formation

22

*l /ft1? J- ' i--1

Figure 12. Isopachs of Coconino-White Rim Saturation by R.E. McDonald

2A.

2 00 feet. In the Standard Oil of California Moonshine Wash

#1 well, Section 32, T25S, R15E, 200 feet of oil impregnated

sands were encountered, and 44 feet were cored and analyzed.

The average oil saturation for the 44 feet was 41.4%, with an

average permeability of 73 md. and porosity of 14%." The depth

to the top of the White Rim at this location is 2250 feet.

Overburden thickness is too great for surface mining and the

indicated reservoir characteristics are too poor for insitu

recovery at this particular location.

OIL SAND QUALITY

The Tar Sand Triangle sandstone is fine-grained and well con-

solidated. Drilling and blasting will be required to

surface mine the deposit. The sandstone is quite porous and

permeable and probably has the reservoir characteristics needed

for insitu recovery of oil.

The relatively high sulfur content of the bitumen may be a

significant deterrent to the early development of this huge (13)

deposit. Fifteen oil samples reported by Wood and Rxtzma

had an average sulfur content of 3.5 6 weight percent. The

Uinta Basin oil sand deposits all show well below one percent

sulfur.

The Tar Sand Triangle samples reported by Wood and Ritzma had

oil contents from 1.3 to 9.8 percent. The extracted oil had

an average specific gravity of 1.043.


The Tar Sand Triangle oil sand deposit is rated by the writers

to be the second most favorable deposit for large scale surface

25

mining. Although most of the oil will have to be recovered

by insitu and underground mining methods, surface mining is

probably feasible in the Elaterite Basin area and contour and

auger mining could be practiced along the exposed cliff faces.

The principal reason for giving the Tar Sand Triangle a high

rating is the single thick continuous pay zone. In areas

where the pay zone is 300 feet thick, it may become economically

feasible to remove 100 feet or more of overburden.

Another advantage of the Tar Sand Triangle oil sand deposit is

that it is near an ample water supply in the Green and Colorado

Rivers east of the deposit and the Dirty Devil River on the west.

Some disadvantages or deterrents to the development of the Tar

Sand Triangle oil sand resource are as follows. The climate

is very arid and the reclamation of surface mined land will be

difficult if the re-establishment of the existing sparse

vegetation is required. The deposit is remote from population

centers and from oil refineries that can process the recovered

bitumen. About 45 percent of the deposit lies within the scenic

Glen Canyon National Recreational Area on land under the

jurisdiction of the National Park Service.

The Oil Development Company of Utah has filed a request to

perform an insitu combustion pilot test in the Gordon Flat area

of Wayne County. The proposed test site lies within the Glen

Canyon National Recreational Area. Environmentalists objected

to the pilot test at one of the two public hearings. The

project has not yet been approved by the U.S. Department of

the Interior although the U.S. Geological Survey and Utah State

agencies have approved it.

26

THE P.R. SPRING OIL SAND DEPOSIT

BACKGROUND

The location of the P.R. Spring oil sand deposit of the Uinta

Basin in eastern Utah is indicated in Figure 1 . The P.R.

Spring deposit in the southeast part of the basin is the second

largest oil sand deposit in Utah on an oil reserve basis and

contains an estimated 4.0 to 4.5 billion barrels of oil in

place. This deposit is the largest one in the state in areal

extent and covers between 240 and 270 square miles. It lies

within Townships 12 through 17 South, Ranges 21 through 25

East in Uinta and Grand Counties and extends eastward to the

Colorado state line. Other giant oil sand deposits in the

Uinta Basin containing more than one billion barrels of oil in

place are Hill Creek, Sunnyside, and Asphalt Ridge.

The P.R. Spring deposit lies in the Uncompahgre Uplift which

dips gently northwestward toward the east-west axis of the

Uinta Basin. The Roan Cliffs are on the south boundary of the

deposit and form a drainage divide between the Uinta Basin and

the Green River to the north and Grand Valley and the Colorado

River to the south. The Roan Cliffs are just north of and rest

on top of the Book Cliffs. The south edge of the deposit has

surface elevations exceeding 8,000 feet. The high plateau of

the deposit dips gently northward for more than 20 miles to a

surface elevation of about 6,000 feet at the poorly defined

north edge of the deposit. The plateau is severely dissected

into deep canyons and flat ridges.

27

The climate in the area is arid and the annual precipitation

is about 15 inches. The drainages of Willow Creek and Upper

Willow Creek contribute respectively 17,500 and 13,000 acre-feet

of water annually to the Upper Colorado River Basin system.

However, 11,500 acre-feet of this water is used for cropland

and wet land depletion leaving 19,000 acre-feet flowing into

the Green River each year. This volume of water is not

adequate for a large oil sand mining and processing facility.

Water for such an enterprise would have to be taken from the

Green River which flows southward about 25 miles west of the

deposit. It is not likely that large quantities of ground

water would be present for large scale development.

The P.R. Spring deposit has less vegetation than the Sunnyside

deposit but more vegetation than the giant deposits Asphalt

Ridge, Circle Cliffs, and Tar Sand Triangle. The combination

of the rolling hills of the plateau, the steep canyons, abundant

growth of sagebrush and other browse plants, a number of springs,

and the absence of man has contributed to the formation of an

ideal habitat for mule deer. The P.R. Spring deposit and one

of its quadrangle maps received their names from an important

landmark in the area, P.R. Spring. This spring is one of the

largest in the area, yet produces only four gallons per minute

of water. The P.R. Spring is a favorite campsite and is

pictured in Figure 13.

The P.R. Spring tar sand deposit is remote from civilization.

It is most accessible from the north via graded dirt roads

from the small towns of Ouray and Bonanza. Though dusty,

these roads are not steep and are easily traversed in dry

weather. The deposit area may be entered from the south by

ascending either of two steep unpaved canyon roads from

Interstate Highway 70 or U.S. Highway 6-50 up San Arroyo

28

Figure 13. P.R. Spring Campsite

Canyon or Hay Canyon. These east-west highways and the Denver

and Rio Grande Western Railroad pass through the small towns

of Thompson, Crescent and Cisco about 15 miles south of the

deposit near the base of the Book Cliffs.

(15) Table 1 presented by Marchant, et al ' portrays the arrangement

of geological formations in the P.R. Spring deposit area. The

oil sand pay zones occur in the upper Douglas Creek and lower

Parachute Creek Members of the Green River Formation. Note

that the Mahogany oil shale bed also lies in the Parachute

Creek Member. In many locations in the P.R. Spring deposit, oil

shale overlies oil sand and in some locations, oil shale lies

between oil sand pay zones. The oil sand pay zones outcrop

near the top of the Roan Cliffs at the south end of the deposit

and dip north-northwest at about 2° almost parallel to the

surface plateau. Overburden thicknesses are greater at the

north end of the deposit and exploration has not been extensive

enough to accurately define the north boundary of the deposit.

29

Table 1

TERTIARY FORMATIONS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UINTA BASIN

Age

Tertiary Eocene

Formation

Uinta Formation

Green River

Formation Parachute

Creek

Mahogany oil-shale bed

Member

Douglas Creek Member

Wasatch Formation

Unlike the oil shale beds in the P.R. Spring deposit area,

the oil sand pay zones vary considerably in thickness, degree

of oil saturation, porosity, and permeability. Because of this

unpredictable nature, it is difficult to accurately determine

pay zone thickness and oil reserves in specific areas of the

deposit when limited core hole data are available. The writers

have resorted to inferences and conjecture in an effort to

provide some quantitative data for each square mile of the

deposit area. The unpredictable distribution of oil in the

variable pay zones is largely due to the fact that the oil

migrated into the deposit from the north. The oil shale beds

in the area are more predictable since they were laid down

where they are found.

(13) Wood and Ritzma report analyses on three samples taken from

the P.R. Spring oil sand deposit. Sample 69-13E was taken

in the Dragon Asphalt Wash area (SW NE 8, T12S, R25E) from the

uppermost Douglas Creek Member of the Green River Formation

(Eocene Age). This sample had an oil content of 12.4 weight

percent. Oil extracted from the sample had a specific gravity

of 1.012 and a sulfur content of 0.45 weight percent. A second

sample (69-14E) taken in the Dragon-Asphalt Wash area (NW NW 4,

T12S, R25E) from the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River

Formation oolite in contact with the Black Dragon gilsonite

vein had an oil content of 14.8 percent. Oil extracted from

this sample had a specific gravity of 1.031 and a sulfur content

of 0.35 percent. The third sample (67-1A) taken from an oil

seep in Main Canyon (Center NE5, T16S, R24E) in the Douglas

Creek Member of the Green River Formation had an oil content of

97.6 percent since it was a seep. Extracted oil had a specific

gravity of 0.969 and a sulfur content of 0.36 weight percent.

J.W. Bunger has made a comparison of the properties of oil

extracted from P.R. Spring oil sand and typical Athabasca oil

sand. This comparison is presented in Table 2.

31

Table 2

COMPARISON OF P.R. SPRING AND ATHABASCA OIL SANDS

Property

API Gravity Specific Gravity Heating Value, Btu/lb C/H, Atomic Ratio

Elemental Analyses

Carbon, Wt. % Hydrogen, Wt. % Sulfur, Wt. % Nitrogen, Wt. %

P.R. Spring

10.3 0.998

18,100 0.637

84.44 11.05 0.75 1.00

Athabasca*

7.6 •1.018

17,800 0.669

83.28 10.40 2 to 6

0.35 to 0.65

* Average for Athabasca

The carbon-hydrogen ratio of 0.637 is average for Utah oil

sand oil. Uinta Basin oil sand oils have a higher API gravity,

higher hydrogen content, lower sulfur content, higher average

molecular weight, higher viscosity, and lower volatility than

Athabasca oils.

(1 6 ) J.W. Bunger v 'compares simulated distillation results on a

P.R. Spring oil sand oil sample, A, using gas-liquid chroma-

tography with conventional distillations of other P.R. Spring (18) (13)

samples by J.W. Gwynn B, C, and D and by Wood and Ritzma

E and F in Table 3. Bunger suggests that the large volume of

low boiling fractions in samples E and F may be due to thermal

cracking of the original oil sand oil.

Bunger's 19 74 paper also presents information about the major

compound types in a P.R. Spring oil sand oil and shows that

it differed significantly from high-boiling petroleum residues.

32

Table 3

DISTILLATION DATA FOR P.R. SPRING BITUMENS

Fraction

1-4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Residue 16 17 18 19

Residue

Cut point °C

125 150 175 200 225 250 275 308 336 364 392 420

448 476 504 532

A a

This study (core)

0.4

0.5 1.0 2.1 2.8 4.1 3.2 5.1

(80.8) 6.4 8.1 7.1 8.1

51.1

B

Main canyon

seep (2)

1.9 2.3 3.1 3.4 9.5

75.8

Wt.

C

Core 79 to 83 ft (2)

1.6 2.2 2.9 5.6

11.8 74.8

percent

D

Core 137 to

141 ft (2)

3.1 2.8 4.5 4.1

12.5 71.0

E

Outcrop sample

no. 69-13E (1)

2.2b

2.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 5.9

31.1

0.2 2.2 2.5 2.6

47.1

F

Outcrop sample

no. 67-1A (1)

1.4 6.5

64.4 3.1

3.4 21.3

•a

Simulated distillation data. All others are actual distillation. The total value of 2.2 was found in fraction 4.

METHODS OF STUDY

Topographic Maps

Seventeen standard topographic mags published by the United States

Geological Survey were utilized in the P.R. Spring study. These

quadrangle maps cover 7.5 minutes of latitude and longitude

and are published at the scale of 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000

feet), or cover 15 minutes of latitude and longitude and are

published at the scale of 1:62,500 (1 inch = approximately

1 mile). Each USGS quadrangle map is designated by the name

of a city, town, or prominent natural feature within it. In

the P.R. Spring oil sand deposit, there are no towns so the

maps are named after canyons, ridges, springs, etc. Table 4

lists the names of the 17 topographic maps used in this study

and Figure 14 shows their location relative to each other.

Table 4

TOPOGRAPHIC QUADRANGLE MAPS USED

Dragon Rainbow Archy Bench SE^ Davis Canyon Burnt Timber Canyon Cooper Canyon Bates Knoll Agency Draw NE Tom Patterson Canyon Seep Canyon Pine Spring Canyon Wolf Point San Arroyo Ridge P.R. Spring. Cedar Camp Tenmile Canyon Preacher Canyon

The topographic maps used have been reduced in size to

accommodate this report and two copies of each may be found

34

in the Appendix arranged in the order listed in Table 4.

The oil sand outcrops have been marked in bold black lines on

the first copy of each pair of maps. On the second copy of

each map pair, the surface minable areas have been designated

by solid black shading. Minable areas are defined as areas

containing less than 120 feet of overburden above the upper-

most oil sand pay zone having a thickness of five feet or more.

Aerial Photographs

Fieldwork done by the Utah Geological and Mineral Survey at

the P.R. Spring deposit during the summers of 1965 and 1966

was reported by William D. Byrd II. ^ ' The UGMS field workers

plotted the oil sand outcrops they found on aerial photographs

having a 1:24,000 scale (1 inch = 2,000 feet). These aerial

photographs were used since the USGS topographic maps were not

available in 1965 and 1966. The UGMS aerial photographs were

borrowed and used in conjunction with other data sources in

plotting the outcrops on the topographic maps during this study.

Figure 15 is a small actual size portion of one of these aerial

photographs. Notice the outcrop contours and the airstrip

located south of P.R. Spring on this figure.

Actually the oil sand outcrops are rather difficult to locate

in the field. Most of the visitors to the P.R. Spring area

are deer hunters and oil and gas exploration workers. Many

of these people are probably unaware that they are walking

above oil sand pay zones. Figure 16 is a photograph of a typical

outcrop. The large well consolidated rocks have weathered to

the battleship gray color of the barren sandstone. The oil in

the black interior of these rocks is immediately apparent

however, when the rock is struck with a hammer. It appears from

the outcrops that drilling and blasting will be required to mine

the oil sand at P.R. Spring.

36

Figure 16.

Typical Oil Sand Outcrop at the P.R. Spring Deposit

Minable Area Measurements

The percentage of the minable area of each square mile (section)

of the P.R. Spring deposit was determined. It was found that

portions of 508 sections contained minable areas. The minable

area percentage was determined for each section using a

planimeter on the shaded areas of the topographic maps. These

percentages are reported on the township grids in the Appendix.

Measured Stratigraphic Sections

(19) During the UGMS fieldwork reported by Byrd ',Thirty-eight

stratigraphic sections of the oil sand zones were measured with

a Jacob's staff equipped with an Abney clinometer. In general,

each stratigraphic section consisted of measurements from the

bottom of a canyon, up the canyon wall past the oil sand zones,

38

to the top of the ridge. Table 5 lists these measured

stratigraphic sections and their locations. This field work

was of great value in determining the depth and thickness of

the oil sand pay zones in this study.

Table 5

MEASURED STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS

Number of Measured Section

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Location

Seep Ridge One Mile Southwest of Three Pines

NW SE 5-T15S-R21E

SW NE 31-T15S-R22E

SW NE 2-T16S-R24E

SW SE 4-T16S-R24E

NE NW 8-T16S-R24E

SE SW 27-T15S-R23E

SE 2-T17S-R22E

SE NE 2-T17S-R22E

NW SE 16-T16S-R23E

SW SW 31-T15S-R23E

SE NW 13-T16S-R23E

NE NE 27-T16S-R23E

SE NE 25-T16S-R22E

NE SW 3-T17S-R22E

NW NE 17-T17S-R22E

NW SW 29-T17S-R22E

SE NE 16-T16S-R22E

SW NW 12-T16S-R21E

NW SW 26-T16S-R21E

NW NW 6-T17S-R22E

NW SE 9-T17S-R21E .

NW NW 14-T17S-R21E

NE NE 22-T15S-R21E

39

Table 5 (cont.)

MEASURED STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS (19)

Number of Measured Section

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

Location

Seep Ridge on East Side of Strip

SE SE 35-Tl5%S-R22E

SE% 32-T15S-R23E

SW%NE% 7-T16S-R24E

SW% 12-T16S-R22E

SE% 34-T15S-R21E

NW% 27-T13S-R2 3E

SE% 11-T14S-R24E

SE% 34-T14S-R22E

NE% 2-T14S-R23E

C 12-T13S-R23E

NE% 21-T13S-R24E

SE% 25-T14S-R23E

NE% 4-T13S-R25E

Core Holes

Peterson presents the lithologic logs and correlation of

13 coreholes drilled in the P.R. Spring deposit and 3 coreholes

drilled in the Hill Creek deposit. These 16 coreholes were

drilled during the summer of 1973 and the project was funded

by the U.S. Bureau of Mines under Grant No. G0122094. (21)

Peterson and Ritzma gave a detailed description of thxs

drilling program and presented extensive analytical information.

The Bureau of Mines has also published four reports of

investigation, No. 79231 ,No. 8003 , NoL 8030 v and ERDA

LERC/RI-75/6^2 , which report results of analyses of the

cores derived from this drilling program.

40

Peterson prepared his correlation of the 13 P.R. Spring

coreholes principally by referring to the Mahogany oil shale

bed which occurs in the Parachute Creek Member of the Green

River Formation. The oil sand pay zones found lie in the.

Douglas Creek Member of the Green River Formation just below

the Parachute Creek Member. The pay zones exhibit a variable

degree of oil saturation and are scattered through an interval

75 to 250 feet thick in the Douglas Creek Member.

(21) Figure 17 taken from Peterson and Ritzma shows the location

of the 13 UGMS coreholes in the P.R. Spring deposit and coreholes

drilled earlier by Skyline Oil Company. The contour lines on

this figure show the elevation of the top of the Mahogany oil

shale bed. The grid consists of townships having an area of

36 square miles each. Oil sand occurs in 23 of the townships

shown.

Tabular information regarding the oil sand pay zones found

while core drilling at P.R. Spring during the summer of 1973 (21) .,. , .

is presented by Peterson and Ritzma. Much of tneir data is

presented in Table 6 including the corehole name, the surface

elevation above sea level, the elevation of the top of the first

oil sand bed encountered, the total corehole depth, the depth

location of the oil sand intervals, the thickness of the

intervals, the thickness of the pay zones, the range of pay

zone thickness, the number of beds or pay zones, and a visual

classification of degree of oil saturation of each half foot

of oil sand.

A brief study of Table 6 indicates that the pay zones are thin

and deep. It was assumed that pay zones thinner than five feet

are not worth surface mining. A summary table of the possible

economic pay zones has been prepared. Table 7 is such a table

and includes pay zone number, pay zone thickness, overburden

thickness, and overburden to pay ratio.

41

R.20E. R.24E. R25E.

0 10 Miles 1 I I I I I I I I I I

SCALE

© UGMS core hole w/number O Skyline core hols studied by UGMS

&M& Ar®o underlaid by oi l- impregnated sandstones

I /

Structure contours drawn on top of Mahogany oi l-shale bed. Datum is m®an sea lava!.

FIGURE 17 FROM GWYNN (1971 )

INDEX MAP.P.R.SPRING O IL • IMPREGNATED SANDSTONE DEPOSIT,

SHOWING LOCATION OF UGMS CORE HOLES AND PREVIOUSLY D R I L L E D SKYLINE OIL COMPANY

CORE HOLES STUDIED BY UGMS.

42

Table 6

P. R. SPRING CORE HOLE DATA

Core Hole

PR-3A

PR-3B

PR-3C

PR-3D

PR-4

PR-5

Sum

PR-1

Sum

Eleva-tion

6302(1)

6263(2)

95(3>

6361(1)

6242(2)

157.5(3')

6430 6209 317

6512 6143 416.5

7187 7129 195

6437 6269 274

6210 5940 326

Tar Sand Intervals

39-65

119-148.5

221-248.5

369-383.5

58-78

151-155.5 159-162 168-171.5 218-221.5 225-228 240.5-242 151-242

175.5-185.5 192-194.5

197.5-198.5 240.5-246.5 250-263.5 175.5-263.5

CO rH CO

Table 6

(Continued)

~ore Hole

PR-2

Sum

PR-6

Sum

NOTE:

Eleva-tion

6346(1)

(2)

6326v ;

202 ( 3 )

6707 6545 423

10 Deeper

Tar Sand Intervals

20.5-21.5

44-47

51-56 62.5-64.5 66.5-67.5 88.5-95

20.5-95

162-164.5 169-173 176-186.5

191.5-196.5 229.5-253.5 262-262.5

266.5-267.5 277.5-280

162-280

lightly sat

... ..

tn

rH CO

r* G 0) o -P-H

H E H

1.0

3.0

5.0 2.0 1.0 6.5

74.5

2.5 4.0

10.5 5.0

24.0 0.5 1.0 2.5

118.0

Net Pay

Thickness

1.0

2.5

5.0 2.0 1.0 6.5

18.0

2.5 4.0

10.5 5.0

20.51 0.5! i.b! 2.0!

f

46.0

urated beds

Thickness

Range

-

—

-

-

-

0.5-5

-

-

-

-

-

-_

0.5-18.5

are on

m «w o •

o

-

—

-

-

-

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

8

tittec

Classification I

0.5

—

-

1.0 5.0

6.5

-

-

2.0 -

0.5 1.0 —

3.5

I.

II

-

3.0 2.0 -

1.5

6.5

2.5 -

8.0 3.0 -

-

-

2.0

15.5

1 1 \

III

1.0

2.0

2.0 -

-

—

5.0

3.0 2.5 -

2.0 -

-—

7.5

IV

-

—

-

-

—

—

1.0 -

-

18.5 -

-

—

19.5

V

-

—

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-—

-

(i) Surface Elevation

(2) Elevation at the top of the first oil sand bed

(3) Total core hole depth

44

Table 6

(Continued)

Core Hole

PR-7

Sum

PRS-1

Sum

: ,

Eleva-tion

6798 (l )

678 9 (2 }

(3 ) 212 K '

8010 7983 247

Tar Sand • Intervals

9-11.5

15-17

21-22 24-42.5 82.5-84 99-101.5 118.5-120 184-185.5

9-185.5

27-32.5 35.5-39.5 41.5-51.5 65.5-70 74-81.5 89.5-118 159-175 175-182 199-222

27-222

Interval

Thickness

2.5

2.0

1.0 18.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 1.5

176.5

5.5 4.0

10.0 4.5 7.5

28.5 16.0 7.0 23.0

195.0

Net Pay

Thickness

2.5

2.0

1.0 16.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 1.5

29.0

5.5 4.0 7.5 4.5 7.5

27.0 16.0 7.0

23.0

102.0

Thickness

Range

1-9.5

2-24.5

to T3 CD m

*

o

8

9.0

Classification I

2.5

2.0

4.5

4.0

3.0

7.0

II \ III

1.0 3.0 1.5 2.5 -

1.5

9.5

5.5

3.0 4.5 7.5

3.0

23.5

4.0

1.5

5.5

2.0

2.5

1.0

5.5

IV ! V

-

1.5

24.5 16.0 1.0

22.0

65.0

9.5

9.5

1.0

1.0

(i) Surface Elevation



45

I I I

I I I

Table 6

(Continued)

1

1 I Core T Hole 1 1 PRS-2

I • 1 | 1

1 i

i 1 •I I Sum

1 PRS-3 j • I T ± • T 1 • •

1 •

T Sum

Eleva-tion

7702 J'j 7645 282^3;

7387 7364 242

Tar Sand Intervals

57-58 60.5-65 67.5-70 75.5-82 122.5-124 126-128.5 132-133 135-138 172-180 192.5-217 233-233.5 246-246.5 252-254.5

57-254.5

23-49 62-64.5 85-94 96-98 107-109.5 112.5-113.5 117.5-119.5 128-134 140-142 152-156.5 215-215.5 218-219.5 233.5-235

23-235

'interval

Thickness

1 4.5 2.5 6.5 1.5 2.5 1 3 8

24.5 0.5 0.5 2.5

197.5

26 2.5 9 2 2.5 1 2 6 2 4.5 0.5 1.5 1.5

212

Net Pay

Thickness

i 3.5 2.5 6 1.5 2.5 1 3 5

23 0.5 0.5 2

50

21 • 2.5 7.5 1.5 1 1 2 5 1 4 0.5 1 1.5

49.5

Thickness

Range

— — — — — _ — _ — — —

-

.5-16.5

— — — — -----"---

.5-7.5

CO

m

o •

o

— — — — — _ — _ _ — _

-

13

_ — — — — --— -— -

-

13

:

1

1 1 _ _

0.5 _

_

3 _ _ _

-.

5.5

1.5 _ — — — , — — —

1 — —

1 1.5

5

Classification II

1 _ _ _

2.5 1 3 2 5 0.5 0.5 -

15.5

1 2.5 _ _

1 — — — — —

0.5 —

-

5

III

1.5 1.5 6 w*

—. — ,-. — 1.5 _

.. — 2

12.5

6 _ _

1.5 _ — —

5 .

4 — — .

-

16.5

IV

— . 1 — 1 _ — —. —

16.5 _,

-

18.5

6.5 —

7.5 _. _

1 2

— — _

-

17

- V

~ — _ — —. .,,„

_ _̂

. „

_ _ -

o

6

«. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ --

6

(I) Surface Elevation



46

Table 7

SELECTED P.R. SPRING CORE HOLE DATA

Core Hole

PR-3A PR-3B PR-3C PR-3D PR-4 PR-5

PR-1

PR-2

PR- 6"

PR-7

PRS-1

PRS-2

PRS-3

Pay Zone Number

1 1 1 1 1 0

1 2 3

Sum

1 2

Sum

1 2 3

Sum

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sum

1 2 3

Sum

1 2 3

Sum

Pay Zone Thickness

26 29.5 27.5 9

19.5 -

9.5 6

13.5 29

5 6.5

11.5

10.5 5

20.5 36

16.5

5.5 7.5 7.5

27 16 7

23 93.5

6 5

23 34

21 7.5 5 33.5

Overburden Thickness

39 119 221 369 58 -

175. 55 3.

234

51 32. 83.

176 5 33

214

24

27 9

22. 8

41 0

17 124.

76 90 13

179

26 36 34 96

5

5

5 5

5

5

Overburden Pay

1.5 4 8

41 3 -

18 9 0.3 8

10 5 7

17 1.0 1.6 6

1.5

5 1.2 3 0.3 2.6 0 0.7 1.3

13 18 0.6 5.3

1.2 5 7 2.9

47

t

Table 8 presents the locations of these 13 P.R. Spring

core holes.

Table 8

LOCATIONS OF P.R. SPRING CORE HOLES

Core Hole Number

PR-1

PR-2

PR-3A

PR-3B

PR-3C

PR-3D

PR-4

PR-5

PR-6

PR-7

PRS-1

PRS-2

PRS-3

SW

C

NE

NW

SW

SW

NW

NE

E%

SW

SE

NE

SW

NE

SE

SW

SW

SW

NE

NW

SW

SW

NW

NE

SE

SE

Location*

SW

SE

NW

SW

NE

SW

NE

NE

NW

6-T13S-R24E

29-T13S-R23E

8-T12S-R25E

8-T12S-R25E

8-T12S-R25E

7-T12S-R25E

5-T13S-R25E

34-T12S-R24E

33-T13S-R22E

14-T14S-R23E

27-T15S-R23E

16-T15S-R23E

32-T14S-R23E

* An explanation of this location nomenclature may be found in the Apperidix under Utah Surveying Grid.

Figure 18 presents data on four core holes drilled by Skyline (19)

Oil Company used by Byrd during his study of the P.R. Spring

deposit. Table 9 presents the location of these four Skyline

core holes in the P.R. Spring deposit.

48

Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Special Studies 37

SKYLINE CORE HOLE 14-54 ELEVATION 7002,7 GL

LOCATION NO. 75 SE SECTION I4.T14S. B.22E.

SKYLINE CORE HOLE 2 4 - 2 4 ELEVATION 7150 GL

LOCATION NO. 76 NE SECTION 2* . TI4S. R.22E.

SKYLINE COSE HOLE 23-32 ELEVATION TI615CL,

LOCATIOM NO. 77 SE SECTION 23k TM5. R.22E.

SKYLINE CORE HOLE 26-33 ELEVATION 6441 GL

LOCATION NO. 73 SE SECTION 23, TOS.RL23E.

:=3+ZI.8

I +21.3

fo 7 8 - »

.

LOCATIONS OF •OGIC SECTIONS

EXPLANATION

• SANDSTONE

SILTSTONE AND SHALE

i ! +21.5

OEGREE OF SATURATION

SULFUR ISOTOPE ABUNDANCES

sM/s3W>

Figure 1 8 . Sulfur isotope abundances in tars from Skyline cores.

49

Table 9

LOCATIONS OF SKYLINE OIL COMPANY CORE HOLES

Core Hole Number

Skyline 26-33

Skyline 14-3 4

Skyline 24-24

Skyline 25-32

SE

SE

NE

SE

Location

26-T13S-R23E

14-T14S-R22E

24-T14S-R22E

25-T14S-R22E

Report #

UGMS 37

UGMS 37

UGMS 3 7

UGMS 37

Peterson and Ritzma report the results of numerous tests

run by Core Laboratories, Inc., Casper, Wyoming, on core

samples taken from the principal pay zones of each of the

core holes. They present tabulated data as follows: sample

number, core hole number, depth, permeability (before and after

the extraction of the oil), percent porosity, oil and water

percent pore saturation, and oil content (gallons per ton,

volume percent, and weight percent). Thirty-seven extracted

oil samples from the P.R. Spring deposit were found to have an

average API gravity of 9.5 (spg = 1.0035) and an API gravity

range of from 15.3 (spg = 0.9639) to 5.8 (spg = 1.0306). The

sulfur content of these same 37 extracted oil samples averaged

0.46 weight percent with a range from 0.30 to 0.76 weight percent.

50


Table 10 presents a comparison of the six largest oil sand

deposits in Utah. The three left-hand columns of data were

compiled by Ritzma. The writers calculated the two right-

hand columns of data. Table 10 indicates that the P.R. Spring

deposit is the largest in areal extent and the second largest

in oil reserves in place. P.R. Spring has the next to the

lowest average pay zone thickness. Ritzma says that the

deposit has two to six separate pay zones that vary in total

thickness from zero to 80 feet.

The writers rank the P.R. Spring oil sand deposit the fourth

most promising candidate for a large scale surface mining

operation. The Sunnyside, Tar Sand Triangle and Asphalt Ridge

deposits appear to be superior for surface mining.

Table 11 presents the overall results of this study of some of

the surface mining variables at the P.R. Spring oil sand deposit

in eastern Utah. About 182 square miles or 67.5 percent of the

270 square mile deposit area is surface minable. Surface minable

was defined as an overburden thickness less than 120 feet for

the upper most pay zone having a thickness of five feet or more

and an overburden to pay ratio less than five for the second

pay zone. Pay zones below the second one were not mapped nor

calculated. Minable areas by township (36 square miles) are

presented in Table 12. Specific minable areas have been shaded

black on 17 topographic quadrangle maps which may be found in

the Appendix. Also, the percentage of each square mile section

that is surface minable is indicated on the township grids in

the Appendix.

About 1550 million barrels of oil or 34.5 percent of the 4500

million barrel oil reserve is surface minable. On a per square

mile basis, this amounts to 8.5 million barrels minable of the

51

Table 10

SURFACE MINING VARIABLES

Deposit

Asphalt Ridge

Circle Cliffs

Hill Creek

P.R. Spring

Sunnyside

Tar Sand Triangle

1.

Area sq. miles

25

28

125

270

90

230

2.

Pay Thickness feet

10-135

5-310

5-35

10-80

15-550

5-300+

3.

Oil Reserve billion bbls..

1.05

1.31

1.16

4.0-4.5

3.5-4.0

16

4.

Million bbls. per sq. mile

42

47

9

17

44

70

5. Average

Pay Thickness feet*

85

96

19

34

90

142

* Based on an assumed average oil concentration of 2 0 gallons per cubic yard.

Table 11

P.R. SPRING DATA - TOTAL VS. MINABLE .

Area, Square Miles

Oil Reserve, 106 bbls.

Oil Reserve, 105 bbls./sq. mi.

Ore Reserve, 10G cubic yards

Pay Thickness, feet

Overburden to Pay Ratio

Total Deposit

270

4,500

16.7

9,450*

33.9*

More than 5

Minable Part

182

1,550*

8.5*

3,260

17.4

3

67.5

34.5

51.3

34.5

51.3

"

* Based on 20 gallons of oil per cubic yard of ore. •

16.7 million barrel per square mile reserve.

About 3,260 million cubic yards of ore or 34.5 percent of the

9,450 million cubic yard ore reserve is surface minable.

Average minable pay thickness is 17.4 feet compared to an average

total pay thickness of 33.9 feet. A number of pay zones are too

deep for surface mining even under the minable areas.

The overburden to pay ratio of the minable areas is about three

and this ratio for all pay zones of the entire deposit was not

calculated but is believed to be greater than five.

Although surface mining of the minable area of the deposit

appears discouraging since the overburden to pay ratio is high

and pay zone thickness is low, certain specific areas in the

deposit are more favorable. Figure 19 is a map of the overall

deposit which shows the specific areas most favorable for surface

mining.

Sections having thick pay zones near the surface are shaded to identif

these most favorable mining areas. Since overburden thickness

varies from zero to 120 feet, a closer study of these areas is

53

Ui

t-3 o 1-3 > tr1

H 00 to

to

CO "N

to CM CM

|-< 00

i-3 H vj

co

50 tO H td

H

to CO

M to

(-• O

i-3 I-" -J CO

50 to to W

co

CO en

*» CO

H *k

i-3 H CM

co

50 to h-•

w

o

Cn •-J

to to

CO U3

H3 \-> CM CO

50 tO tO td

CM

1X1 CM

H-1 to CD

h-> VP

i-3 H CM CO

50 tO CO td

H H

CM tO

tO rf* VJD

to h->

(-3 M CM CO

50 tO .£•• td

CO

-J 00

H o -J

to 00

H3 H Ul iJT CO

50 to to td

M

to 00

*> H

U) to

i-3 H Ul •or CO

'50 to CO td

t — J

-sj

o

to CO

H CO

>-3 H Ul NT CO

50 to

td

to

4^ U>

*• CO

H CO

1-3 M Ul CO

50 to H td

M Ul

CM CM

to Ul *»

H cn

i-3 M Ul CO

50 to to td

H CD

CO CM

CO Ul 1X>

H CO

•-3 H Ul CO

50 to OJ td

i-» Ul

H O

to H •C*

H *»

i-3 H Ul CO

50 to >t» H

Ul

H CO

CO *»

H CTl

1-3 H *. CO

50 to M td

CM

co cn

«3 CM

H Ul

1-3 H *» CO

50 M to H

h-1 to

Ul co

H CO to

H Ul

H3 M *» CO

50 to CO td

H *»

-J o

to rfs» U3

H -J

i-3 H *» CO

50 to *» W

-J

o *=.

.H *» O

to o

i-3 t-f *» CO

50 . to cn W

M

CO 00

CO CO

H >JD

I-3 H-1 CO CO

50 to to w

cn

co Ul

H H O

to h->

H3 h-1 CO CO

50 to co td

h-> CM

o co

to H **

H CO

H3 H CO CO

50 to *» w

M co

CM CO

CO I-* «J

to CO

H I-1 co CO

50 to cn td

CO

H *»

CO o

to CM

1-3 h-1

to co

50 to CO td

to

to CO

CO to

H iCk

i-3 H to CO

50 to it=.

td

-j

-j

*»

M *» «-J

H co

H3 H to CO

50 to cn W

to

to CM

CM >£»

to CO

t-3 M M CO

50 to >c* M

o

o to

H

to CM

i-3 (-1 I-1 CO

50 to cn td

o

co to

CO

to CM

tr* 0 n n-H-0 3

co 2 & H-C 3

CD H e

Are

Mile

CO fU

h-1 O CD

o o 0 W-cr H H-O CO

K| 3 JU fL h &. CO

CO •Q

c SJ l-< (B

S H-r-1

0)

H O cn

n d tr H-O

K; 0)

a, M1

s H > CO |H M 50 i-3 W 0) co t r td M 50 (D <

to to K

i ^ O S! CO ffi H »T3

1 * *•-*.

i,.., . . . • i i — - . - | -n»n- '>.t"»»^.di i i tn- ia,1^.» f f rg"** ' iJ^Jt*^' •*••• »•*»• '

^ M ^ ' / - V

required to accurately determine overburden removal requirements.

The topographic quadrangle maps and the township grids in the

Appendix may be used to more accurately determine the thickest

pay zone areas. The township grids give the pay zone thickness,

the elevation of the top of the first pay zone, and the

percentage of each square mile section that is surface minable

(shaded on the topographic maps). By utilizing surface

elevations from the unshaded topographic maps and the pay zone

elevations, the reader can calculate the overburden thickness

at any specific location. Due to the limited number of core

holes and measured stratigraphic sections available to locate

the pay zones, such an overburden thickness calculation may be

in error by as much as 20 feet.

Other factors which contribute to the fourth ranking of the

P.R. Spring deposit are as follows: (1) a high overburden to

pay ratio except near the south end of the deposit, (2) wide

separation of the two to six pay zones by barren material and

oil shale, (3) remoteness and inaccessibility, (4) lack of

water for processing and land reclamation, and (5) predominant

land ownership by the Federal Government. The deposit is very

remote from population centers, good roads, a railroad,

electric power, and oil markets. Consideration could be given

to the installation of a products pipeline or gravity conveying

system southward down the Roan Cliffs and Book Cliffs to the

railroad and highway which pass through the towns of Thompson,

Crescent, and Cisco.

56

RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS

1. It is recommended that geological exploratory effort be

shifted from the P.R. Spring deposit to the Sunnyside and

Tar Sand Triangle deposits. The Utah Geological and Mineral

Survey have expended a great deal of effort on the P.R.

Spring deposit and many excellent publications concerning

the deposit have been published.

2. It is recommended that an area favorable for surface mining

be selected and a cooperative Bureau of Mines-UGMS-Industrial

Firm proposal be written preparatory to core drilling and

the installation of an oil sand demonstration extraction

plant.

3. It is recommended that insitu exploratory tests be initiated

in selected areas of the giant deposits that are not suited

for surface mining due to excessive overburden thickness.

The Gordon Flat Tar Sand Triangle insitu fireflood pilot

test proposal should be approved to determine the feasibility

of recovering oil from that deposit by that particular method.

4. It is recommended that a study be made of the feasibility

of surface mining oil shale and oil sand simultaneously

in specific areas of the P.R. Spring deposit.

5. It is recommended that industry be encouraged to build

pilot plants and demonstration plants at the Sunnyside,

Tar Sand Triangle, P.R. Spring, and Asphalt Ridge oil

sand deposits. Extensive government funding of such

projects will probably be required.

6. It is recommended that detailed overburden thickness studies

be made at the Sunnyside, Tar Sand Triangle, and Asphalt

Ridge deposits to identify areas where surface mining would

57

(cont.)

be most economical. Overburden to pay ratio isopachs

should be drawn using ground level elevation, pay zone

thickness, and pay zone elevation data.

It is recommended that a core drilling program be initiated

to determine how far northward the Tar Sand Triangle deposit

extends. Such a program would supply valuable information

relative to the future insitu mining of this deposit.

It is recommended that a large scale mining plan be prepared

for the Sunnyside deposit. If the mining plan indicates

feasibility, a large scale surface mining and oil extraction

facility should be installed at the Sunnyside oil sand

deposit.

58

REFERENCES

1. Ritzma, H.R. Oil-Impregnated Rock Deposits of Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Map 33, April, 1973, 2 sheets.

2. Hill, George R. "Coal Expert Urges a Power Corridor," Deseret News, Salt Lake City, Utah, April 20, 1976.

3. Holmes, CM., B.M. Page and P. Averitt. Geology of the Bituminous Sandstone Deposits Near Sunnyside, Carbon County, Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigation Preliminary Map 86. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1948.

4. Holmes, C M . and B.M. Page. "Geology of the Bituminous Sandstone Deposits Near Sunnyside, Carbon County, Utah." Guidebook to the Geology and Economic Dependence of Eastern Utah Deposits. Ed. James Peterson, Salt Lake City: Inter-mountain Assn. Petroleum Geologists, 1956, 171-177.

5. Young, Earl B. Letter to George W. Snyder reporting a March 3, 1944 visit to the Utah Rock Asphalt Company mine at Sunnyside, Utah.

6. Arentz, Samuel S. "Report on the Utah Rock Asphalt Property, Sunnyside Bituminous Sandstone Deposit, Carbon County, Utah," January 30, 1960.

7. Combs, John E. "Signal Oil and Gas Company Summary Test Data, Horizontal Test Wells #101, #102, #103, Sunnyside Area, Sec. 4, Twp 14S., R. 14E., Carbon County, Utah," April, 1967.

8. Shea, G.B. and R.V. Higgins. Separation and Utilization Studies of Bitumens from Bituminous Sandstones of the Vernal and Sunnyside, Utah, Deposits. Bureau of Mines RI 4871. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1952.

9. Campbell, Jock A. "Oil-Impregnated Sandstone Deposits of Utah," Mining Engineering, V. 27, No. 5, May, 1975.

10. Ritzma, Howard R. Oil-Impregnated Sandstone Deposits of Utah-A Progress Report. Interstate Oil Compact Commission Committee Bulletin, 11, No. 2 (1969), 24-34.

59

Baars, D.L. and W.R. Seager. Stratigraphic Control of Petroleum in White Rim Sandstone (Permian) in and near Canyonlands National Park, Utah. Amer. Assoc, of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin V. 54, No. 5 (May, 1970), p. 709-718.

McDonald, R.E. Northwest Paradox Basin, Isopachs of Coconino-White Rim Saturation. Map published by Wolf Energy Company, Denver, Colorado.

Wood, R.E. and H.R. Ritzma. Analyses of Oil Extracted from Oil-Impregnated Sandstone Deposits of Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Special Studies 39. Salt Lake City: UGMS, 19 72.

U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination, "Catalog of Information on Water Data, 1972 Edition." (This reference refers to sources of specific stream flow data documents which were utilized.)

Marchant, L.C., L.A. Johnson, and C.Q. Cupps. Properties of Utah Tar Sands--Threemile Canyon Area, P.R. Spring Deposit. Bureau of Mines RI 7923, 1974, 14 pages.

Bunger, J.W. Characterization of a Utah Tar Sand Bitumen. American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry Preprint, 19, No. 2 (1974), pp. 231-241.

Camp, F.W. The Tar Sands of Alberta, Canada, Second Edition. Denver: Cameron Engineers, Inc., 1974.

Gwynn, J.W. Instrumental Analysis of Tars and Their Correlations in Oil-Impregnated Sandstone Beds, Uintah and Grand Counties, Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Special Studies 37. Salt Lake City, Utah, 1971.

Byrd, W.D. P.R. Spring Oil-Impregnated Sandstone Deposit Uintah and Grand Counties, Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Special Studies 31. February 1970, 34 pages.

Peterson, P.R. Lithologic Logs and Correlation of Coreholes P.R. Spring and Hill Creek Oil-Impregnated Sandstone Deposits Uintah County, Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Report of Investigations 100. August 19 75, 30 pages.

Peterson, P.R. and H.R. Ritzma. Information Core Drilling in Utah's Oil-Impregnated Sandstone Deposits, Southeast Uinta Basin, Uintah County, Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Report of Investigation No. 88, February 1974, 10 pages.

Johnson, L.A., L.C. Marchant, and C.Q. Cupps. Properties of Utah Tar Sands—South Seep Ridge Area, P.R. Spring Deposit. BuMines RI 8003, 1975, 14 pages.

60

Johnson, L.A., L.C. Marchant, and C.Q. Cupps. Properties of Utah Tar Sands--Asphalt Wash Area, P.R. Spring Deposit. BuMines RI 8030, 1975, 11 pages.

Johnson. L.A., L.C. Marchant, and C.Q. Cupps. Properties of Utah Tar Sands—North Seep Ridge Area, P.R. Spring Deposit. ERDA LERC/RI-75/6, Nov. 1975.

61

APPENDIX

Page

Township Grids 6 3

Topographic Maps . . . . 90

Utah Surveying Grid . .12 4

62

Township 11 South, Range 25 East

'

:

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 16 .4%

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 15 .7%

1

t

...

, • -

:

Southara Canyon Weaver Ridge

Rainbow Dragon

63


i

!

-

\

• -

.

6241(25) . 2.4%

....

Asphalt Wash Southam Canyon

Archy Bench SE Rainbow

64


6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 6 2 . 1 %

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 5.9%

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 26 .0%

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 3 • /. S

! i

1

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 4 1 . 3 %

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 37 .7%

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 1 1 . 0 %

•

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 0 .8%

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 2 2 . 0 %

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 1 3 . 0 %

1

7 1 2 0 ( 2 3 ) 1.2%

7 1 2 8 ( 9 )

. . ..

• :

'

.

Rainbow Dragon

Burnt Timber Canyon Davis Canyon

65


6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 1 1 . 3 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 75 .0%

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) "34.0%

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 3 9 . 3 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 2 8 . 7 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 36 .0%

1

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 3 .8-6

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 4 4 . 3 %

6 5 5 5 ( 2 3 ) 5 1 . 0 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 )

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 7 .2%

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 4 4 . 6 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 5 1 . 0 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) •3 A w A ~6

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 1 6 . 6 %

6 .241(25) . 5 ,4%

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 3 .5%

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 6 7 . 9 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) . 2 D . o ^

• " " ' l 1 ! . . . 1 ., . / . I

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 ) 6 2 . 6 %

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 )

" • :

i

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 6 1 . 4 %

6 2 4 1 ( 2 5 )

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 8 .5%

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 6 .9%

Archy Bench SE Rainbow

Cooper Canyon Burnt Timber Canyon

66

Township 12 South, Range 2 3 East

i

; : ;

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) • 1.8%

'

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 1 1 . 8 %

1

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 1.0%

, : ,

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 3 5 . 6 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 3.4%

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 3 7 . 2 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 )

: ;

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 5.6%

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 6 7 . 9 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 6 3 . 9 %

Buck Camp Canyon

Bates Knoll

Archy Bench SE

Cooper Canyon

67


7128(9) 5.7%

7120 (23)

7128(9) 52.0%

7120 (23)

7128(9) 42.8%

7120(23)

7128(9) 18.7%

7120 (23) •

•

7128(9) 0.4%

7120(23)

7128(9) 38.4%

7120(23)

7128(9) 35.7%

7120(23)

7128(9) 5.9%

7120(23)

7.128(9) 42.6%

7120(23)

7128(9) 27.5%

7120(23)

7128.(9) 6.8%

7120(23)

7128(9) 8.7%

7120(23)

7128(9) 2 0.2%

7120(23)

7128(9) 8.8%

7120(23)

•

i •• ... ' — > ' — » " •

\

•

•

-

-

'

•


68


6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 6 2 . 6 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 30 .4%

6 3 2 6 ( 5 ) 25 .9%

6 0 9 3 ( 9 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 72 .5%

6326 (5)

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 99 .4%

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 5 2 0 ( 2 0 ) •90.7%

i • - • . . . . » ^ . ,

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 5 3 . 2 %

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) . 4 5 . 8 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 )

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 4 3 . 6 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 4 6 . 2 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 9 3 . 0 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 5 2 0 ( 2 0 )

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) 7 3 . 2 %

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) 4 6 . 9 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 )

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) 5 0 . 1 %

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 )

1

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) 4 2 . 0 %

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 3 6 . 1 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 )

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) 2 2 . 6 %

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) . 4 9 . 6 %

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) 66 .4%

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 )

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) 6 3.2%

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 3 6 . 2 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 )

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) 5.2%

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) 2 7 , 9 %

6 5 5 5 ( 2 9 ) 2.8-s

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 1 3 . 9 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 3 3 . 3 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

"

. 7 1 2 8 ( 9 ) 1 2 . 5 %

7 1 2 0 ( 2 3 )

7 1 2 8 ( 9 ) 12 .0%

7 1 2 0 ( 2 3 )

7 1 2 8 ( 9 ) 45 .4%

7 1 2 0 ( 2 3 )

7 1 2 8 ( 9 ) 1 2 . 6 % .

7 1 2 0 ( 2 3 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 3.9%

L Cooper Canyon Burnt Timber Canyon

69


. 6093 (9 ) 1 5 . 8 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 ) 4 . 3 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 )

6 3 2 6 ( 5 ) 4 6 . 8 % 6 0 9 3 ( 9 )

6 3 2 6 ( 5 ) 44 .6%

:

: 6 5 2 7 ( 1 0 )

71 .6% 6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 5 2 7 ( 1 0 ) •42.6%

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 4 4 . 9 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 5 4 . 5 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 5 2 . 5 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 ) 4 4 . 0 %

6326 (5) 5 2 . 2 %

6 5 2 7 ( 1 0 ) 5 2 . 5 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

1

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 1 1 . 8 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 9 .4%

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 3 1 . 0 %

1

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 4 8 . 3 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 ) 5 7 . 1 %

6 2 6 7 ( 4 0 )

6 3 2 6 ( 5 ) 6 7 . 2 %

6 2 6 7 ( 4 0 )

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 1 2 . 5 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) . 3 7 . 2 %

•

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 4 9 . 6 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 ) 3 2 . 3 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 ) 2 8.4%

6 2 6 7 ( 4 0 )

6 3 2 6 ( 5 ) 5 4 . 0 %

6 2 6 7 ( 2 0 )

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 3 4 . 0 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 3 6 . 9 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 5 8 . 3 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 94.9%'

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 2 2 . 0 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

" ~ T ~ T - in. „ ,-| t

6 3 5 7 ( 1 5 ) 3 0 . 2 %

6 0 9 3 ( 9 )

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 42.Q%

6 0 9 3 ( 9 ) 3 9 . 1 %

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 70 .0%

. 6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 9 8 . 7 %

6 4 3 5 ( 2 0 ) 8 4 . 6 %

6 3 2 6 ( 5 )

•

Bates Knoll Cooper Canyon

70


.

; i

:

6560(20) •12.3%

6560(20) 0.1%

6560(20) 62.2%

1

6560(20) 0.7%

6560(20) 44.9%

6560(20) 38.1%

6560(20) 50.7%

6474(23)

6560(20) .57.9%

6560 (20) 65.9%

6560(20) 30.4%

i

6326(5) 5.0%

6560(20) 42.8%

6560 (20) 50.1%,

6560(20) 73.9%

Agency Draw NE Bates Knoll

71


6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 2 4.6%

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 5 4 . 5 %

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 32 .9%

7 3 0 9 ( 1 5 ) 27 .9%

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 )

7 3 0 9 ( 1 5 ) •30.6%

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 )

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) . 1 4 . 4 %

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 1 0 . 6 %

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 2 .0%

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 0 .5%

6 4 4 1 ( 2 0 ) 0 . 5 %

1

.

;

'

•-

,.,


Tom Patterson Canyon Rat Hole Ridge

72


6600(20) 75.2%

6600(20) 56.0%

6326(5)

6600(20) 24.6%

6980(20) 39.1%

7342(18) 40.4%

6980(20)

7342(18) •48.4%

6980(20)

1 m i l I i.. i m . i ' i i „ i II

6600(20) 8.9%

6600(20) .17.8%

6600(20) 22.5%

6980 (20) 44.1%

660.0(20)

7342(18) 21.0%

6980(20)

7342(18) 20.6%

6600(20) 4.6%

6600(20) 12.6%

6600 (20) 15.2%

6600(20) 18.5%

6441(20) •3 • 3 *6

6600(20) 6.1%

6600(20) 4.3%

6600(20) 3.0%

6441(20) 26.5%

6326(5)

6441(20)

7309(15) 11.6%

7309(15)

6441(20) 19.1%

6326(5)

6441(20) 38.4%

6326(5) •

7309(15) 18.5%

6441(20)

•

7309(15} 25.1%

.6441(20)

7383(20) 39.1%

7309(15)

7383(20) 33.6%

7309(15)

Cooper Canyon Burnt Timber Canyon

Seep Canyon Tom Patterson Canyon

73


6560(20)

6763(10) 30.0%

6980(20) 58.4%

6763(10)

7116(8) 79,7%

6980(20)

1

! 7116(8)

73.9% 6980(20)

7116(8) •44.9%

7060(6)

6560(20) 63.3%

6763(10) - 42.0% 6560(20)

6980(20) 25.1%

6600(20)

7116(8) 46.8%

6980(20)

7116(8) 65.8%

6980 (20)

7342(18) 32.3%

7116(8)

6326(5) 29.8%

6267(40)

6600(20) 42.6%

6980(20) 17.4%

6600(20) 1

6980(20) 46.4%

6600(20)

7342(18) 30.7%

6980 (20)

7342(18) 42.9%

6980(20)

., „ „,,

6600(20) 29.2%

6326(5)

6600(20) 65.0%

6980(20) 10.6%

6600(20)

6980(20) ; 37.7%

7342(18) 14.5%

6980(20)

7342(18) 50.7%

6326(5) 40.3%

6267(40).

6600(20) 54 . 6%

6980(20) 9.6%

6600(20)

6980(20) 29.7%

7342(18) 26.4%

6980(20)

7342(18) 46.2%

6520(20) 60.1%

6326(5)

6326(5) 51.4%

Date post:	19-May-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	2 times
Download:	0 times

EVALUATION OF THE UTAH OIL SAND RESOURCErepository.icse.utah.edu/dspace/bitstream/123456789... ·...

Documents