WWII

The events leading up to the Second World War

1. Treaty of Versailles

The part of the Paris peace that affected Germany was the Treaty of Versailles.

• Treaty is insulting and sews seeds of discontent:– Section 231 (war guilt clause)– Limited military and occupation– Crippling reparation payments– Territory reductions

Compliments of Mr. Marshall

2. The Great Depression

• Pre-Depression stresses on the German economy

• The different responses to depression in CDA, USA, GER, USSR and how ability to war was affected.

Compliments of Mr. Marshall

4. The Rise of Fascism

1. Italy Black Shirts

2. Japan

3. Germany Brown Shirts

4. SpainCompliments of Mr. Marshall

4. Ineffective League1. JAPAN

a) Manchuria 19312. ITALY: Mussolini

a) Abyssinia, 19353. SPAIN: Franco 4. GERMANY: Hitler

a) Rearming 1933b) Rhineland 1936c) Austria 1938d) Czechoslovakia 1938, 1939e) Kristallnacht 1938f) Poland 1939

See pg. 96

Compliments of Mr. Marshall

Global Tensions

• Germany and Italy felt cheated by Treaty of Versailles

• Japan largely run by the military- imperialistic designs (want to enlarge their empire)

• Rise of totalitarianism– Germany (Adolf Hitler, “Fuhrer”) – Italy (Benito Mussolini “Il Duce”)– Soviet Union (Josef Stalin “the man of steel”)

Totalitarianism

• One leader with absolute power• One ideology allowed• Secret police• Zero opposition• Censorship and propoganda

=total control

Fascism

• Opposed to democracy• Extreme nationalism• Rely on military and police to maintain

complete control• Focus on the people as whole, not the

idividual

Nazi Germany

• Totalitarian state• 1933-1939: Nuremburg Laws

i. Jews had to wear the Star of David at all times.ii. Jews lost their professional careers and their property.

iii. Jews could in no way mingle with the German population.iv. Jews lost their citizenship

• human rights abolished• Gestapo became all powerful• Germany began rapid re-militarization (re-building military)

1938

• 1938 - Hitler “annexes” Austria– Hitler threatens to invade Czechoslovakia– “re-claims” the Sudentenland (German speaking)

- GB PM Neville Chamberlain agrees not to interfere

- believes “appeasement” will guarantee “peace in our time”

• US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt promises the US will protect Canada if we are ever threatened

1939

• Germano-Soviet Pact signed between Hitler and Stalin

** they agreed not to invade each other** Hitler breaks this pact in 1940

• appeasement fails - Hitler invades Czechoslovakia

• September 1 - Hitler invades Poland** Poland is allied with Great Britain

• September 3 - GB declares war on Germany

Canada enters- 1939

• September 10 - Canada declares war on Germany** Canada’s PM, William Lyon Mackenzie King is a

cautious man who does not want to go to war

**entering the war is debated in the House of Commons** War Measures Act put into place** Wartime Prices and Trade Board put into place- to control prices- avoid debt and profiteering

October 1939

• October 1939 - April 1940 - “the phony war” - war moves very slowly

• in April the full force of the German attack is felt - “blitzkrieg” (lightening war)

Axis

• Germany• Italy• Japan

*Not exhaustive

Allies

• Great Britain• France• Canada• United States

*not exhaustive

Terms

• Totalitarianism• Gestapo• appeasement