July 21, 2107

Are We In Oz?2017 State of Sexual Assault on College Campuses

Holly Rider-Milkovich, Senior Director of Prevention Education

Weather ReportHow would you describe your campus “weather” in the past year?

Sunny: business as usual, no unexpected activity

Partly cloudy: some disruption on campus, but nothing unusual

Thunderstorm: significant unrest or disruption on campus

Foggy: I have no idea—I was on leave

“She was awakened by a shock so sudden and severe that if Dorothy had not been

lying on the soft bed she might have been hurt”

Wednesday, November 9, 2016

(Baum, L. F. 1900, pg. 22)

Question Men Women

Openness to having views challenged 67% 63%

Ability to negotiate controversial issues 75% 68%

See the world from someone else’s perspective 78.1% 75.7%

Source: Eagan, M.K. et al (2017)

Influence Political Structure

Keep Up With Political Affairs27% 46%

Source: EVERFI Haven Survey (2016)

I would reach out to offer support to a friend who I suspect is in an abusive relationship. 73.2 59.0 -14.2

I would respect a person who took action to prevent a sexual assault 84.0 72.0 -12.0

I would respect someone who made sure they asked for and received consent in a sexual situation. 76.5 62.1 -14.4

Clear, verbal, and sober permission is the best way to make sure a person is okay with sexual activity. 88.9 79.4 -9.5

A person who has been drinking and is sexually assaulted is never at fault for what happened to them. 67.5 45.8 -21.7

+/-Sexual Assault Attitudes By Gender

-9.5

84.0 72.0

76.5 62.1

-21.7{-21.4 } -33.6

17%

4%

35%

14%

33%30%

13%

5%

30%

15%

27% 25%

Female Male Trans male Trans female Gender Queer Gender Non-conforming

Unwanted Sexual ContactPartner abuse

Source: EVERFI Haven Survey (2016)

Experiences Prior to Arriving on Campus

13%12% 13%

8%

15%

19%

White Black/Af Am

Hispanic Asian NH/OPI Am In/Al Na

10%

31%

15%11%

25%

36%

20%

25%

Experiences Prior to Arriving on CampusUnwanted Sexual Contact

EVERFI: Climate Survey (2016)

RELATIONSHIP COMMUNITY SOCIETALINDIVIDUAL

Experiences Prior to Arriving on Campus

• Physical Abuse• Emotional Abuse• Sexual abuse • Emotional neglect• Physical neglect• Household mental

illness• Household physical

violence

• Household substance use

• Parental separation/divorce

• Incarcerated household member

“CSA is a significant risk factor for sexual re-victimization in adulthood, and additional early adversities experienced by CSA survivors may heighten adult SV risk above and beyond the

risk associated with CSA alone”(Ports, K., 2017, pg. 320 )

“not pressuring someone to have

sex with you”

44%

“not continuing to ask someone to

have sex after they have said no”

38%

“not having sex with someone who is too intoxicated to

make a decision about sex”

43%

The Case of the Missing Parent Conversations

“being sure your partner wants to have sex and is comfortable

doing so before having sex”

39%

“assuring your ‘own comfort before

engaging in sex’”

51%

Source: Weissbourd, R., Anderson, T. R., Cashin, A., McIntyre, J (2017)

“[W]e as a society are failing to prepare young people for perhaps the most important thing

they will do in life—learn how to love and develop caring, healthy romantic relationships.”

(Weissbourd, R., Anderson, T. R., Cashin, A., McIntyre, J, 2017, pg 28)

Programming

Critical Processes

Institutionalization

Policy

Prevention as a Process

Courage: Institutionalization

$3.82

$5.57

$2.44$1.55

Aggregate Small Medium Large

250+ FTE

added

Spending Increases

Investments in Prevention and Response

Student training

Faculty/staff training

Victim Support

Prevention Spending: $/student

Source: Rider-Milkovich, H. (2017); Association of American Universities (2017)

When it Comes to FTE: Small is Mighty

AGGREGATE

1.6 FTE

1 FTE per9,452 students

MEDIUM (5K-15K)

1.4 FTE

1 FTE per19,199 students

LARGE (>15K)

2.8 FTE

1 FTE per10,576 students

SMALL (<5K)

1.2 FTE

1 FTE per4,016

studentsAdvanced Campuses

1FTE: 1,298 studentsSource: Rider-Milkovich, H. (2017)

“When college presidents and chancellors truly commit to ending the scourge of sexual

violence in institutions of higher education, they set the highest example of what we expect from students, faculty, and administration.”

28%

19%8%

7%

38%0

1

2

3

4

College President spoke 4+ = 38%

Advanced Institutions: 4+ = 43%2- Former Vice President Joseph Biden

Visible Presidential LeadershipNumber of times sexual assault spoken

about in the last 12 months

Source: White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault (2017); Rider-Milkovich, H. (2017).

Academic Freedom

Source: LaGuardia, F., Michalsen, V. & Rider-Milkovich, H. (2017)

Academic Freedom Discourse as Institutionalization

Student Wellbeing

80% of campuses linked directly from website to

reporting policy

92% of campuses direct users to on-campus confidential

resources

88% of websites contained information on law

enforcement reporting

90% of websites listed how to make a Title IX report

58% listed physical campus location for confidential resource;38% e-mail address

38% explained confidentiality versus privacy when reporting to Title IX

51% provided information on academic accommodations or interim measures

36% provided anonymous reporting options

Increased Transparency

Source: White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault. (U.S.) (2017); Dunlap, J; Klein, L., & Woofter, R. (2017)

A Brain: Critical Processes

84%

Increasing measures of effectiveness regarding policies, programs, interventions

(American Association of Universities, 2017, pg. 40)

“Comparing, merging, and synthesizing information from different sources

takes time and may require traditionally separate university offices

and functions to work together.”

• Campus-wide climate surveys (55/42%)

• Survey data from in-person sexual assault prevention programs (63/74%)

• Judicial/disciplinary reports (45/24%)

• Focus group data (50/34%)

• Survey data from online sexual assault prevention programs (76/50%)

Most Common Data Sources

Measuring Progress On Campus

Source: Rider-Milkovich, H. (2017)

of AAU campuses increased faculty/staff

training resources

have assessed faculty/staff knowledge gain

Source: American Association of Universities (2017)

Faculty and Staff Need Training

Only 60%100%

53%

38%

12%

84%

61%

34%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Steps for student disclosure

Confidentiality Requests

Reporting Responsibilities on Campus

Post Pre

Faculty and Staff Need Training

Source: EVERFI Haven Faculty and Staff Survey, 2016

Source: EVERFI Campus Climate Survey, 2015-2016; Cantalupo and Kidder (2017)

Undergraduates: 7% Faculty PerpetratorsVs.

Graduate/Professional: 16.4% Faculty Perpetrators

The majority of faculty who harass/assault students engage in serial harassment

Most faculty who harass/assault students engage in unwelcome

physical contact

Source: United Educators (2017)

What is At Stake?

1000+/-reports filed

100+/-reports,

monetary loss

$21.8Mclaims paid

Visual Auditory Processors Kinesthetic

Engaging Different Faculty/Staff Learners

A Heart: Programming

84%

Developed new programs, education or interventions for

specific sub-populations

Are Reaching Aren’t Reaching

First Year 95.6% Intl student 33.8%

Res Assistant 94% LGBTQ student 26.5%

Student Athlete 80.9% Grad student 25%

Student Leader 67.6% Students with disabilities

10.3%

Greek Student 60% REM students 8.8%

Source American Association of Universities (2017); Rider-Milkovich (2017)

universal selective indicated

Reaching Student Sub-Populations

33.8%

26.5%

25%

10.3%

8.8%

Research

PracticeData

(Coulter, R.W.S., & Rankin, S. R., 2017, pg. 9)

Digging In on LGBQ and T-identified students Research:

“Greater inclusion of sexual- and gender-minority people on campus was robustly associated with

lower sexual assault on campus.”

Why? Inclusive campuses discourage “targeting” of LGBT individuals by perpetrators

Bystanders more likely to act on behalf of LGBT students

LGBT students feel empowered to engage in self-protecting behaviors

“Rather than aspire to simply meet compliance standards, restorative justice offers an opportunity for healing, student development, and community growth.”

(Karp et al., 2016, pg. 5)

Restorative Justice Gains Momentum

Preventing HarmResponding

to HarmReintegrating

After Harm

Mandatory Education Across the College Experience

advanced institutions deliver in-person sexual assault prevention programs for

students 1 - 2 times per week

sophomore junior seniorRider-Milkovich (2017)

Flying Monkeys: Challenges in the Field

POLLConsidering the current state of campus sexual assault prevention, a significant challenge I anticipate is . . .

Legislative activity at the state level

Increasing litigation by respondents

Challenges to the “preponderance” standard

Changes at the federal level

Leaving Oz: The Path Forward

MISSIONTosupportcollegesanduniversitiesindrivinglasting,large-scalechangeoncriticalhealth,wellness,andsafetyissuesfacingstudents,faculty,andstaff.

TAKETHEPLEDGE

TAKETHEDIAGNOSTIC

TAKEABOLDSTEPFORWARD

ReferencesAssociation of American Universities (AAU) (2017). AAU Campus Activities report: Combatting sexual assault and misconduct. Washington. DC: American Association of Universities.

Baum, L. F. (1900). The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. G. M. Hill Co.

Cantalupo, Nancy Chi and Kidder, William C., A Systematic Look at a Serial Problem: Sexual Harassment of Students by University Faculty (May 20, 2017). Utah Law Review, Forthcoming.

Coulter, R.W.S., & Rankin, S. R., (2017). College sexual assault and campus climate for sexual- and gender-minority undergraduate students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-16. in press.

Dunlap, J., Klein, L. & Woofter, R. Title IX Online: Gender-Based Violence Websites at Elite Universities. Submitted for publication.

Eagan, M. K., Stolzenberg, E. B., Zimmerman, H. B., Aragon, M. C., Whang Sayson, H., & Rios-Aguilar, C. (2017). The American freshman: National norms fall 2016. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.

EVERFI Climate Survey, 2016

References, cont.EVERFI Haven Survey (2016)

EVERFI Haven Faculty & Staff Survey (2016)

Karp, D. R., Shackford-Bradley, J., Wilson, R.., & Williamsen, K. (201A Report on Promoting Restorative Initiatives for Sexual Misconduct on College Campuses. Saratoga Springs, NY: Skidmore College Project on Restorative Justice

LaGuardia, F., Michalsen, V., & Rider-Milkovich, H. (2017). Trigger Warnings: From Panic to Data. Journal of Legal Education. in-press.

National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Sports Science Institute (2016). Sexual Violence Prevention: An Athletics Tool Kit for a Healthy and Safe Culture. Washington, DC: NCAA

Ports, K. A., Ford, D. C., & Merrick, M. T. (2016). Adverse childhood experiences and sexual victimization in adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 51, 313–322.

References, cont.Rider-Milkovich, H. (2017). Charting the path forward: National data highlights on promising trends and continuing challenges in campus sexual assault prevention. Boston: EVERFI Campus Prevention Network Publication.

United Educators (2017). The high cost of student victim sexual assault claims. Bethesda, MD: United Educators.

Weissbourd, R., Anderson, T. R., Cashin, A., & McIntyre, J. (2017). The Talk: How adults can promote young people’s healthy relationships and prevent misogyny and sexual harassment. Cambridge: Making Caring Common Project, Harvard Graduate School of Education.

White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault. (U.S.) (2017). Preventing and Addressing Campus Sexual Misconduct: A Guide for University and College Presidents, Chancellors, and Senior Administrators

July 21, 2107

Are We In Oz?2017 State of Sexual Assault on College Campuses

Holly Rider-Milkovich, Senior Director of Prevention Education