WORKSHOPManagement of recreational waters in relationship with harmful microalgae

blooms (HAB) in the Mediterranean Sea25 – 26th October 2004

Hotel Don Antonio, Peguera- Calvià, Mallorca

EVK3- 2001- 00046

Strategy Workshop, Calvia, 25-26 October 2004

HABs Research Programmein Murcia, SE Spain.

Javier GilabertTechnical University of Cartagena

Spain

Funded by “Fundación Séneca”

Aims

1) To identify potential toxic species in coastal waters of Murcia Region, SE Spain.

2) To study their ecology, particularly their relationships with the eutrophication process.

3) To establish a mechanism of diagnosis to predict potential risks in sensitive areas.

4) To design a monitoring programme to adopt the European directive.

HarboursAquaculture

A

B C D

E

Aguilas

Mazarrón

Cabo Tiñoso

Cartagena

Gorgel

300 Km coastline

The coastline

Mar Menor

Mar Menor

Harbours Aquaculture

37º 38’ - 37º 50’ N0º 42’ - 0º 52’ W

135 Km2

Mar Menor75 Km perimeter 12 yacht harbours

Substrate mostly muddy covered by Caulerpa prolifera

Maximum depth 6,6 mAverage depth 4 m

Time (months)J F M A M J J A S O N D J

Phytoplankton

0

500

1000

1500

2000D

ensi

ty (c

ells

· m

L-1)

Rhodomonas spp. (85%)

Cyclotella spp. (70%)

Small Dinofl.

Dinoflagellates (30%)

Euglenals (2%)Pyramimonas (8%)

Rhodomonas (40%)

Rhodomonas (70%)

Rhodomonas Diatoms (15%)

Diatoms (90%) Diatoms (80%)

Diatoms (20%)

Small Dinofl. (15%)Small Diatoms (20%)

Journal of Plankton Research, 2001, 23(2): 207-218.

Time (months)J F M A M J J A S O N D J

Diatoms

Den

sity

(cel

ls ·

mL-

1 )

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Chaetoceros

Nitzschia cf. closterium

Cyclotella

Time (months)J F M A M J J A S O N D J

Dinoflagellates

0

100

200350

400Ceratium furca

Journal of Plankton Research, 2001, 23(2): 207-218.

Temporal Series

Time (monts)

Bio

volu

me

(ppm

)

0,000,050,100,15

0,000,25

0,500,75

1,001,25

1,50

1

10

100

1000

3 5

50F M A M J J A SO N D J

Bio

volu

me

(ppm

)

Particle Size

Diameter (µm)Time (months)

Biovolume SpectraAnnual Cycle

J F M A M J J A S O N D J

Particle Size Distribution

Particle Size (diameter, µm)

1 10 100 1000

Bio

volu

me

(ppm

)

0,000,050,100,150,20

Time (months)J F M A M J J A S O N D J

NO

- 3 (µ

g-at

.· L-

1)

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

E 3 - 1988

Nitrate

E F M A M J J A S O N D

Phosphate

Time (months)

PO- 4

(µg-

at·L

-1)

0

1

2

3

4E3 1988

NO

- 3 (µ

g-at

.· L-

1)

012345678

Time (months)J F M A M J J A S O N D J

E 2 - 1997

Nitrate

E F M A M J J A S O N D

Phosphate

Time (months)PO

- 4 (µ

g-at

·L-1

)012345678

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4E2 1997

-

12/03/97

690000 694000 698000 702000

4168000

4170000

4172000

4174000

4176000

4178000

4180000

4182000

4184000

4186000

4188000

14/04/97

µg-at ·L-1

690000 694000 698000 702000

0.000.050.100.400.801.201.602.002.402.803.203.604.004.404.805.506.50

Distribution of nitrate

Pérez-Ruzafa et al. 2002. Hydrobiologia, 475, 359

Some preliminary analysis - based on logistic regression models between environmental variables and presence of species (Multivariate analysis - Dual Scaling)-

Suggest:

Large dinoflagellates seem to respond to N:P relationshipSmall dinoflagellates seem to respond to PDiatoms do not seem to follow any regular pattern

-2 -1 0 1 2 3-3

-1

1

3

5

AST1

AST2

AST3CHA1

CHA3

DAG1

DAG2

DAG3DAG4

DAP1

DAP2DNG1

DNG10

DNG12

DNG13

DNG14

DNG15

DNG16

DNG17

DNG2DNG3

DNG4

DNG5

DNG6

DNG8

DNG9DNP2

DNP3

DNP4DNP5

DNP7

DNP8DNP9

NIT1

NIT2

NIT3

NIT4PEN1

PEN2

PEN3

PEN4

PEN5

PEN6

PEN7PEN8

CHLA

PYRA

SOLUCIÓN 1

SO

LUC

IÓN

2

DUAL SCALINGBIPLOT DE LAS SOLUCIONES 1 Y 2

Gutiérrez et al. Control of phytoplankton occurrence probability by environmental variables in the Mar Menor.

Phosphorus

N:P

Eutrophication process in

the Mar Menor lagoon

jellyfish blooms

Rhizostoma pulmo

Pérez-Ruzafa et al. 2002. Hydrobiologia, 475, 359

Changes in: nutrient dynamicstrophic structure

Cotylorhiza tuberculata

3D-Hydrodynamicscurrents

3D-Hydrodynamicsdiffusion

Harbours

Mediterranean Sea1 Industrial

Cartagena - Escombreras4 Fisheries

San Pedro del PinatarCartagenaMazarrónAguilas

17 YachtTomás MaestreCabo de PalosMazarrónAguilas+11 in the Mar Menor

Yacht Harbours

Mar Menor

Dos MaresLa IsletaMar de CristalIslas MenoresLos NietosLos UrrutiasLos AlcázaresCARSLa RiberaSan JavierLo Pagán

Cartagena Port

Industrial - Commercial – Fisheries - Military

Two locations: Cartagena - Escombreras(the second one recently enlarged)

Oil (refine) - Natural Gas(origin in the Persian Gulf - Algeria)Introduction of exotic species with ballast waters?

AquacultureAguilas

Cabo Tiñoso

11 administrative licenses for aquaculture in floating cages

75% of regional fisheries(x6 in the last years)

5477 Tm = 90.72 M euros

Sparus auratusAguilas

Red TunaMazarrónCabo TiñosoEl GorgelS. Pedro Pinatar

Industrial

Off San Pedro del Pinatar and El Gorgel (to 1600 m)- Total amount 4.000 Tm (= 304 Ha)- Rectangular areas about 1600 x 400 m

with corridors 100 m width- 4 areas (1000 Tm biomass maximum each)

4 cages about 90 m diameter 6 cages about 50 m

- Sampling instruments- Chemical analysis- Culture laboratories

Thanks for your attention !