Evolution and Biodiversity

Review

How long did it take for the first How long did it take for the first cells to form via chemical cells to form via chemical evolution? evolution? A. 3 billion A. 3 billion B. 2.5 Billion B. 2.5 Billion C. 2 Billion C. 2 Billion D. 1.5 BillionD. 1.5 BillionE. 1 BillionE. 1 Billion

On the 24-hour clock for Earth’s On the 24-hour clock for Earth’s History how long have humans History how long have humans been around? been around? A. 12 hours A. 12 hoursB. 1 hourB. 1 hourC. 30 minutesC. 30 minutesD. 1 minute D. 1 minute E. 17 secondsE. 17 seconds

A (n) ________ is any heritable trait A (n) ________ is any heritable trait that enables an organism to survive that enables an organism to survive through natural selection through natural selection A. adaptive trait A. adaptive trait B. gene B. gene C. adaptive radiation C. adaptive radiation D. Coevolution traitD. Coevolution traitE. Convergent traitE. Convergent trait

Which of these is an example of resource Which of these is an example of resource partitioning?partitioning?A.A. song birds living in different parts of a song birds living in different parts of a

tree tree B.B. hyenas and lions fighting for a dead hyenas and lions fighting for a dead

zebra zebra C.C. sea otters eating sea urchins and fish sea otters eating sea urchins and fish

eating sea urchin spines eating sea urchin spines D.D. bats and swallows eating mothsbats and swallows eating mothsE.E. teenagers eating lunch at In & Out teenagers eating lunch at In & Out

followed by dessert at Ritasfollowed by dessert at Ritas

Which of these is NOT a part of HIPPO?A. habitat loss B. parasites C. over population D. invasive speciesE. pollution

Primary successions begin where?a) Land full of nutrients b) Aquatic environmentc) Place with succession plant speciesd) Area with no soil or bottom sedimente) Soil particles

Which of the following is an example of a specialist species?(A) giant panda (B) human (C) starling (D) weed (E) rat

Which of the following is an Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?example of genetic variation?A.A.Two children have different eye Two children have different eye colors.colors.B. One person is older than B. One person is older than another.another.C. One person has a scar, but her C. One person has a scar, but her friend does not.friend does not.D. Todd eats meat, but his brother D. Todd eats meat, but his brother Rod is a vegetarian.Rod is a vegetarian.

The ecological niche of a species is best The ecological niche of a species is best defined as itsdefined as itsa. habitata. habitatb. habitat plus the most important b. habitat plus the most important physical factors affecting itphysical factors affecting itc. role in its community c. role in its community d. mode of reproduction and food d. mode of reproduction and food habitshabitse. behavior in relation to other species e. behavior in relation to other species in the communityin the community

The process in which two The process in which two species arise from one is species arise from one is called...called...a. diversification a. diversification b. speciationb. speciationc. evolutionc. evolutiond. extinctiond. extinctione. species isolatione. species isolation

Species that are found in Species that are found in only one area are called... only one area are called... a. endangered speciesa. endangered speciesb. threatened speciesb. threatened speciesc. indicator speciesc. indicator speciesd. native speciesd. native speciese. endemic speciese. endemic species

When similar species share a When similar species share a resource by each getting a resource by each getting a different part of it, it's called... different part of it, it's called... a. resource partitioninga. resource partitioningb. interspecific competitionb. interspecific competitionc. resource competitionc. resource competitiond. survival of the fittestd. survival of the fitteste. conflict resolutione. conflict resolution

Which of the following species Which of the following species interactions negatively affects at interactions negatively affects at least one of the organisms least one of the organisms involved? involved? a. mutualisma. mutualismb. commensalismb. commensalismc. symbiosisc. symbiosisd. parasitismd. parasitisme. mutual dependence e. mutual dependence 

A ________________ is one whose A ________________ is one whose presence has a dramatic effect on presence has a dramatic effect on species diversity. species diversity. a. herbivorea. herbivoreb. keystone species b. keystone species c. producerc. producerd. consumerd. consumere. heterotrophe. heterotroph

Organisms that thrive in highly saline, Organisms that thrive in highly saline, acidic, or alkaline conditions or other acidic, or alkaline conditions or other extreme environments such as the hot extreme environments such as the hot water around hydrothermal vents in water around hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor are called _________. the ocean floor are called _________. a. prokaryotesa. prokaryotesb. eukaryotesb. eukaryotesc. extremophilesc. extremophilesd. algaed. algaee. cyanobacteriae. cyanobacteria

Competitive exclusion can be best defined Competitive exclusion can be best defined asasa. when one species outcompetes and a. when one species outcompetes and eliminates anothereliminates anotherb. the creation of separate ecological niche b. the creation of separate ecological niche by a new speciesby a new speciesc. the division of resources c. the division of resources d. when one species shares limiting d. when one species shares limiting resources with another resources with another e. when competition results in the e. when competition results in the elimination of a particular limiting elimination of a particular limiting resourceresource

A generalist species is a speciesA generalist species is a speciesa. with a general mutationsa. with a general mutationsb. with a specific mutationsb. with a specific mutationsc. with a broad nichec. with a broad niched. with a specific niched. with a specific nichee. that can do anythinge. that can do anything

Geographic Isolation occurs when:Geographic Isolation occurs when:

a. groups of the same species become a. groups of the same species become separated from each other.separated from each other.

b. mutational changes are made to some of b. mutational changes are made to some of a population.a population.

c. all members of a species become extinctc. all members of a species become extinct

d. unidentified species group into a already d. unidentified species group into a already existing population.existing population.

e. parts of the population's habitat becomes e. parts of the population's habitat becomes destroyed.destroyed.

As local environmental conditions As local environmental conditions change, a certain number of species change, a certain number of species disappear at a low rate. This is known disappear at a low rate. This is known as:as:a. endemic extinctiona. endemic extinctionb. background extinctionb. background extinctionc. reproductive extinctionc. reproductive extinctiond. genetic extinctiond. genetic extinctione. artificial extinctione. artificial extinction

Cyanobacteria taken in by Cyanobacteria taken in by endosymbiosis are now endosymbiosis are now thought to be..thought to be..a) Planktona) Planktonb) Nucleusb) Nucleusc) Blood Cellsc) Blood Cellsd) Mitochondriad) Mitochondriae) Chloroplastse) Chloroplasts

Which of the following lists the categories Which of the following lists the categories from from most generalmost general to to most specificmost specific??a) kingdom, phylum, order, class, genus, a) kingdom, phylum, order, class, genus, family, speciesfamily, speciesb) species, genus, family, order, class, b) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdomphylum, kingdomc) phylum, species, genus, order, class, c) phylum, species, genus, order, class, kingdom, familykingdom, familyd) order, family, class, species, phylum, d) order, family, class, species, phylum, kingdom, genuskingdom, genuse) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, e) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, speciesgenus, species

Which of the following most likely did Which of the following most likely did NOT occur during chemical evolution?NOT occur during chemical evolution?a) earth's crust and atmosphere forma) earth's crust and atmosphere formb) single celled eukaryotes appear in b) single celled eukaryotes appear in the seathe seac) large organic molecules c) large organic molecules (bipolymers) appear in the sea(bipolymers) appear in the sead) small organic molecules appear in d) small organic molecules appear in the seathe seae) the first proto-cells appear in the seae) the first proto-cells appear in the sea

Which of the following is an Which of the following is an invertebrate?invertebrate?a) a humana) a humanb) a seahorseb) a seahorsec) a frogc) a frogd) a starfishd) a starfishe) a clownfishe) a clownfish

What is the type of natural What is the type of natural selection that favors variants of one selection that favors variants of one extreme?extreme?A. stabilizingA. stabilizingB. directionalB. directionalC. diversifyingC. diversifyingD. mutationD. mutationE. speciationE. speciation

The carrying capacity is _______.The carrying capacity is _______.

a.a. the greatest number of niches possible the greatest number of niches possible in a given areain a given area

b.b. always the same for a given habitatalways the same for a given habitat

c.c. the average number of offspring the average number of offspring carried to term by a speciescarried to term by a species

d.d. the maximum population size that a the maximum population size that a given environment can sustaingiven environment can sustain

e.e. the potential number of species in a the potential number of species in a given areagiven area

Amphibian species are goodAmphibian species are gooda) Indicatorsa) Indicatorsb) Keystonesb) Keystonesc) Invasivec) Invasived) Endangeredd) Endangerede) Threatenede) Threatened