Evolution Chapter Evolution Chapter ReviewReview

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1. When a single population evolves 1. When a single population evolves into two populations that cannot into two populations that cannot interbreed anymore, interbreed anymore, speciationspeciation has has occurred.occurred.

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2. Darwin’s theory of 2. Darwin’s theory of natural natural selectionselection explained the process by explained the process by which organisms become well-which organisms become well-adapted to their environment.adapted to their environment.

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3. A group of organisms that can 3. A group of organisms that can mate with each other to produce mate with each other to produce (fertile) offspring is known as a(n) (fertile) offspring is known as a(n) speciesspecies..

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4. The 4. The fossil recordfossil record provides provides information about organisms that information about organisms that lived in the past.lived in the past.

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5. In 5. In selective breedingselective breeding, humans , humans select organisms with desirable traits select organisms with desirable traits that will be passed from one that will be passed from one generation to another.generation to another.

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6. A(n) 6. A(n) adaptationadaptation helps an organism helps an organism survive better in its environment.survive better in its environment.

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7. Populations of insects and bacteria 7. Populations of insects and bacteria can evolve quickly because they can evolve quickly because they usually have a short usually have a short generation timegeneration time..

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8. Fossils are commonly found in 8. Fossils are commonly found in A. sedimentary rock.A. sedimentary rock.

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9. The fact that all organisms have 9. The fact that all organisms have DNA as their genetic material is DNA as their genetic material is evidence thatevidence that B. all organisms may have descended B. all organisms may have descended

from a common ancestor.from a common ancestor.

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10. Charles Darwin puzzled over 10. Charles Darwin puzzled over differences in the ______ of the differences in the ______ of the different species of Galapagos different species of Galapagos finches.finches. b. beaksb. beaks

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11. Darwin observed variations 11. Darwin observed variations among individuals within a among individuals within a population, but he did not realize population, but he did not realize that these variations were caused by that these variations were caused by C. differences in genes.C. differences in genes.

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12. Identify two ways that organisms 12. Identify two ways that organisms can be compared to provide evidence can be compared to provide evidence of evolution from a common ancestor.of evolution from a common ancestor.

1)Living organisms can be compared in 1)Living organisms can be compared in terms of terms of body structuresbody structures with other living with other living organisms and with organisms from the organisms and with organisms from the fossil record. 2)Also, the fossil record. 2)Also, the DNADNA of living of living organisms can be compared.organisms can be compared.

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14. Why are some animals more 14. Why are some animals more likely to survive to adulthood than likely to survive to adulthood than other animals are?other animals are?

Those animals that are better adapted Those animals that are better adapted to the conditions of their environment, to the conditions of their environment, including competition with other including competition with other organisms, are more likely to survive to organisms, are more likely to survive to adulthood.adulthood.

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16. Outline an example of the 16. Outline an example of the speciation process.speciation process.

A single population of squirrels may have A single population of squirrels may have been separated by the Grand Canyon. been separated by the Grand Canyon. Over many generations, they adapted to Over many generations, they adapted to their different environments and became their different environments and became very different. Even though they look very different. Even though they look similar, they are no longer able to similar, they are no longer able to interbreed. interbreed.

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Another exampleAnother example

In a lizard population there was variation in leg In a lizard population there was variation in leg size which affected climbing ability. Some size which affected climbing ability. Some lizards were able to climb trees while others lizards were able to climb trees while others remained on the ground. Over many remained on the ground. Over many generations, the 2 groups of lizards adapted to generations, the 2 groups of lizards adapted to their environments and became different in their environments and became different in many ways even though they still looked many ways even though they still looked similar. Eventually, they could no longer similar. Eventually, they could no longer interbreed.interbreed.

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21. Using the graphs in the book, 21. Using the graphs in the book, what is the most common birth what is the most common birth weight?weight?

About 7 poundsAbout 7 pounds

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22. At which birth weight is an infant 22. At which birth weight is an infant most likely to survive?most likely to survive?

About 7 poundsAbout 7 pounds

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23. How do the principles of natural 23. How do the principles of natural selection help explain why there are selection help explain why there are more deaths among babies whose birth more deaths among babies whose birth weights are low than among babies weights are low than among babies whose birth weights are average?whose birth weights are average?

The infants who are best adapted to The infants who are best adapted to survive birth are those that weigh about 7 survive birth are those that weigh about 7 pounds.pounds.

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What is ecological succession:What is ecological succession:

A series of progressive changes in plant A series of progressive changes in plant and animal life in an area that leads to a and animal life in an area that leads to a climax communityclimax community

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What is a climax community? What is a climax community?

A relatively stable community of A relatively stable community of organisms that results from ecological organisms that results from ecological successionsuccession

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List 3 ways primary succession and List 3 ways primary succession and secondary succession are different.secondary succession are different.

1)Primary succession begins with no 1)Primary succession begins with no soil; secondary succession begins with soil; secondary succession begins with soil.soil.

2)They have different pioneer species.2)They have different pioneer species. 3)Secondary succession occurs faster.3)Secondary succession occurs faster.

Chapter ReviewChapter Review List 1 identifying characteristic of each of List 1 identifying characteristic of each of

the 5 classes of vertebrates.the 5 classes of vertebrates.

1)Mammalia: warm-blooded; hair or fur; 1)Mammalia: warm-blooded; hair or fur; mammary glandsmammary glands

2)Aves: warm-blooded; feathers; hollow 2)Aves: warm-blooded; feathers; hollow bonesbones

3)Reptilia: cold-blooded; scales; lay eggs 3)Reptilia: cold-blooded; scales; lay eggs on landon land

4)Amphibia: cold-blooded; live part of life 4)Amphibia: cold-blooded; live part of life in water & part on land; lay eggs in waterin water & part on land; lay eggs in water

5)Pisces: cold-blooded; live in water5)Pisces: cold-blooded; live in water

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Snowshoe hares experience a change in fur Snowshoe hares experience a change in fur color from brown in summer to white in color from brown in summer to white in winter. How do you think fur color would be winter. How do you think fur color would be different if the snowshoe hare moved to a different if the snowshoe hare moved to a warmer climate year-round for many warmer climate year-round for many generations?generations?

Those hares whose genes allowed them to keep Those hares whose genes allowed them to keep their brown fur longer, would be better adapted their brown fur longer, would be better adapted and would survive to reproduce. This trait would and would survive to reproduce. This trait would become more and more common. Eventually, the become more and more common. Eventually, the population would have brown fur all year long.population would have brown fur all year long.

Chapter ReviewChapter Review Some scientists believe that leopard frogs in North Some scientists believe that leopard frogs in North

America came from a common species. Today, America came from a common species. Today, leopard frogs from different parts of the continent leopard frogs from different parts of the continent can no longer interbreed. Which statement can no longer interbreed. Which statement describes the best explanation for this change?describes the best explanation for this change? A. Mating with another species of frogs causes genetic A. Mating with another species of frogs causes genetic

mutations.mutations. B. Climate changes over time cause species extinction, B. Climate changes over time cause species extinction,

which can result in a very small gene pool.which can result in a very small gene pool. C. Mating with different populations throughout North C. Mating with different populations throughout North

America causes unique species to form.America causes unique species to form. D. Geographic isolation from other populations can result D. Geographic isolation from other populations can result

in unique species.in unique species. DD

Chapter ReviewChapter Review Arctic foxes have thick fur on the bottom of its Arctic foxes have thick fur on the bottom of its

paws. Red foxes do not. Which evidence of paws. Red foxes do not. Which evidence of species variation does the difference in feet species variation does the difference in feet represent?represent?

A. Parasites caused the red fox to lack fur on paw A. Parasites caused the red fox to lack fur on paw bottoms.bottoms.

B. Landforms can sometimes isolate animals in a B. Landforms can sometimes isolate animals in a population.population.

C. Climates require different adaptations for animals to C. Climates require different adaptations for animals to survive.survive.

D. Different diets caused the arctic fox to have fur on D. Different diets caused the arctic fox to have fur on the bottom of its paws.the bottom of its paws.

cc

Chapter ReviewChapter Review Sometimes physical separation due to mountains Sometimes physical separation due to mountains

or distance can cause organism originally of the or distance can cause organism originally of the same species to adapt to new environments that same species to adapt to new environments that may cause them to no longer be able to may cause them to no longer be able to interbreed. Which statement describes the best interbreed. Which statement describes the best explanation for this change?explanation for this change?

A. Climate changes cause extinction.A. Climate changes cause extinction. B. Mating with another species causes mutations.B. Mating with another species causes mutations. C. Geographic isolation from other populations can result C. Geographic isolation from other populations can result

in unique species.in unique species. D. Mating with different species causes new species to D. Mating with different species causes new species to

form.form. CC

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