Evolution!

EvolutionNatural

SelectionEarly Life on Earth

Evidence for

Evolution Misc.

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FJ

Evolution $100

Question: Evolution happens to __________ not __________

Answer: Populations not individuals

Evolution $200

Question: What is the definition of evolution

Answer:

Change in the frequencies of alleles in a population over time

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Question: What are the 5 mechanisms that can cause

evolution?

Answer:

1.Genetic Drift (Chance events in a small population)

2.Non-Random mating (sexual Selection)

3.Mutations

4.Gene flow

5.Natural Selection (adaptations)

Evolution

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Question: Evolution can only occur if there is______ _______.

Answer: Genetic Variety/Diversity

Evolution

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Question: The rapid evolutionary process by which

many plant species have emerged

Answer: Polyploidy

Evolution

Natural Selection

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Question: What is the definition of Natural Selection?

Answer: The survival and reproduction of the individuals that are

genetically best fit for their environment

Natural Selection

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Question: The variety of dog and cat breeds that we have

today are a product of _________ _____________.

Answer: Artificial Breeding (Selective Breeding)

Daily Double

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Question: What are the 4 lines of evidence that support Darwin’s theory of natural

selection?

Answer:

1.Direct observation (peppered moth, drug-resistant bacteria)

2.Fossil record (Cetaceans transition from land to sea)

3.Homologous structures (Mammal arm bones, Heart chambers)

4.Biogeography (Matching continental drift with species divergence)

Natural Selection

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Question: How is the theory of natural selection different

from Lamarck's theory?

Answer:

Lamarck: organisms acquire traits during their lifetime and then pass them on to their offspring.

Darwin: Organisms are born with inherited traits. The traits that confer the ability to survive and reproduce are passed on

Natural Selection

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Question: A little child catches a fly and pulls its wings off. The fly actually lives a better life, but does not pass its lack of wings on to its

offspring because the loss of wings is an _________ _______.

Answer: Acquired Trait

Natural Selection

Early Life on Earth

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Question: What are two structures and/or functions that are shared by all domains of life?

Answer

1.DNA and RNA as carriers of genetic information through transcription, translation and replication

2.Major features of genetic code (ATGC, phosphate-sugar backbone, DNA polymerases)

3.Metabolic pathways (Kreb’s cycle, Glycolysis, photosynthesis in both pro- and Eukaryotes

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Question: The line of evidence that nearly all of our

understanding of the history of life depends on.

Answer: The geologic and/or fossil record

PrimatesEarly life on Earth

$300PrimatesEarly Life on Earth

Question: The name of the experiment that demonstrated the possibility of abiogenesis

Answer:

Miller-Urey

$400PrimatesEarly Life on earth

Question: What are two structures and/or functions that are shared by all domains of life?

Answer

1.DNA and RNA as carriers of genetic information through transcription, translation and replication

2.Major features of genetic code (ATGC, phosphate-sugar backbone, DNA polymerases)

3.Metabolic pathways (Kreb’s cycle, Glycolysis, photosynthesis in both pro- and Eukaryotes

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Question: The four steps through which the first cells were produced

Answer:

1.Organic Monomers produced from inorganic precursors + Free Energy

2.Monomers synthesized into complex molecules including Amino acides and nucleotides

3.Packaging of polymers into protocells with lipid membrane

4.Origin of self-replicating molecules that allowed natural selection to occur.

PrimatesEarly Life on Earth

Evidence for

Evolution

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Question: The hip bones of a dolphin and the tailbone of a

human are examples of what?

Answer: Vestigial Structures

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Question: Give an example of a structure that is homologous to a cat’s paw.

Answer: Answers vary. Dog’s paw, human arm, bat wing, whale flipper

Evidence for

Evolution

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Question: Give the definition of an analogous structure.

Answer: Body parts that share a common function but have a

different structure and evolutionary lineage

Evidence for

Evolution

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Question:  When two organisms share a large amount of similar DNA, what does that tell scientists?

Answer: they are closely related

Evidence for

Evolution

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Question: In embryology, when the embryos are very similar to

each other, this means… ?

Answer: the organisms had a common ancestor

Evidence for

Evolution

Misc. $100

Question: What is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Answer: fitness

Misc. $200

Question: A group of organisms that can produce viable, fertile offspring are

called this.

Answer: A species

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Question: Category and name of reproductive barrier in

which reproduction is prevented by seasonal differences in mating

Answer: Pre-zygotic, Temporal Isolation

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Question: Why was the appearance of autotrophs on earth so important to life as

we now know it?

Answer: they produced oxygen that built up in our

atmosphere

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Question: 2 lines of evidence on which a phylogenetic tree

can be created

Answer:

1.Morphological similarities

2.DNA/Protein Sequence divergence

Final Jeopardy TopicFinal Jeopardy Topic

Evolution

Final Final JeopardyJeopardy Question QuestionFossils of lobe-finned fishes, which are ancestors of amphibians, are found in rocks that are at least 380 million years old. Fossils of the oldest amphibian-like vertebrate animals with true legs and lungs are found in rocks that are approximately 363 million years old. Three samples of rocks are available that might contain fossils of a transitional species between lobe-finned fishes and amphibians: one rock sample that is 350 million years old, one that is 370 million years old, and one that is 390 million years old.

(a) Select the most appropriate sample of rocks in which to search for a transitional species between lobe-finned

fishes and amphibians. Justify your selection.

(b) Describe TWO pieces of evidence provided by fossils of a transitional species that would support a hypothesis that amphibians evolved from lobe-finned fishes.