IMPC – 2008IMPC – 2008BEIJING, CHINABEIJING, CHINA

EVOLUTION OF CHROMITE BENEFICIATION IN EVOLUTION OF CHROMITE BENEFICIATION IN INDIAINDIA

CHROMITE - ONLY COMMERCIAL SOURCE OF CHROMIUMCHROMITE - ONLY COMMERCIAL SOURCE OF CHROMIUM

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

CHROME - ORECHROME - ORE

HIGH-CHROMIUMHIGH-CHROMIUM HIGH-IRONHIGH-IRON HIGH-ALUMINIUMHIGH-ALUMINIUM

METALLURGICAL/CHEMICALMETALLURGICAL/CHEMICAL APPLICATIONAPPLICATION

REFRACTORY APPLICATIONREFRACTORY APPLICATION

ONE OF THE MOST CRITICAL INGREDIENTS FOR STEEL MAKINGONE OF THE MOST CRITICAL INGREDIENTS FOR STEEL MAKING

STEEL SCENARIOSTEEL SCENARIO

2.5 TONS 2.5 TONS CHROMITE ORECHROMITE ORE

1 TON 1 TON FERRO-CHROMEFERRO-CHROME

4 TONS 4 TONS STAINLESS STEELSTAINLESS STEEL

WORLD AVERAGEWORLD AVERAGE INDIAINDIA

STEEL CONSUMPTION, Kg/CapitaSTEEL CONSUMPTION, Kg/Capita 145145 3131

INDIAN STEEL PRODUCTION IS LIKELY TO GO OVER 110 INDIAN STEEL PRODUCTION IS LIKELY TO GO OVER 110

MtPA MtPA FROM ITS CURRENT 50 MtPA BY 2012 .FROM ITS CURRENT 50 MtPA BY 2012 .

CHROMITE ORE POTENTIAL OF INDIACHROMITE ORE POTENTIAL OF INDIA

INDIAINDIA

11stst IN EXPORT IN EXPORT OF CHROME OREOF CHROME ORE

55thth IN TERMS OF IN TERMS OF CHROME ORE RESERVECHROME ORE RESERVE

33rdrd IN CHROMITE IN CHROMITE PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

CHROMITE ORE POTENTIAL IN INDIACHROMITE ORE POTENTIAL IN INDIA

POSSIBLE RESERVE POSSIBLE RESERVE (69%)(69%) (31%) (31%)

TOTAL RESOURCE TOTAL RESOURCE ─ 213 Mt─ 213 Mt

EASTERN INDIAN STATE EASTERN INDIAN STATE OF ORISSAOF ORISSA

(OVER 95% OF TOTAL)(OVER 95% OF TOTAL)

SUKINDA SUKINDA ULTRAMAFICULTRAMAFIC

BELTBELT

BAULA-NAUSAHI BAULA-NAUSAHI IGNEOUS IGNEOUS COMPLEXCOMPLEX

CHROMITE ORE POTENTIAL IN INDIACHROMITE ORE POTENTIAL IN INDIA

““CHEMISTRY” OF CLEAN CHROME SPINELS FROM ORISSACHEMISTRY” OF CLEAN CHROME SPINELS FROM ORISSA

LocationLocation Cr/FeCr/Fe CrCr22OO33%% MgO%MgO% FeO%FeO% AlAl

22OO33%%

SukindaSukinda 3.353.35 57.557.5 14.0114.01 15.1215.12 12.6012.60

3.303.30 58.758.7 12.5712.57 15.5715.57 11.8211.82

3.863.86 58.958.9 16.1016.10 13.4013.40 10.7010.70

3.303.30 56.656.6 11.7011.70 15.6015.60 11.1011.10

Boula-Boula-NausahiNausahi

2.042.04 54.954.9 11.6411.64 23.7023.70 9.829.82

1.801.80 52.852.8 10.5010.50 25.6525.65 9.809.80

1.671.67 49.449.4 8.898.89 26.0826.08 14.4014.40

INDIA COMES UNDER HIGH-GRADE GROUP WITH COUNTRIES INDIA COMES UNDER HIGH-GRADE GROUP WITH COUNTRIES HAVING AVERAGE CrHAVING AVERAGE Cr22OO33 GRADE OF 39%. GRADE OF 39%.

CHROMITE BENEFICIATION IN INDIACHROMITE BENEFICIATION IN INDIA

PAST PAST SCENARIOSCENARIOMINING OF MINING OF

HIGH GRADE HIGH GRADE ORE ORE

LEAVING LOW AND LEAVING LOW AND MEDIUM GRADE ORES MEDIUM GRADE ORES

STACKED AS WASTESTACKED AS WASTE

USE OF MANUAL USE OF MANUAL METHODS FOR METHODS FOR

DRESSINGDRESSING

EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION

10 TIMES INCREASE IN CHROMITE PODUCTION DURING LAST THREE 10 TIMES INCREASE IN CHROMITE PODUCTION DURING LAST THREE DECADESDECADES

PRODUCTION OF CHROMITE IN INDIA

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

81-82 82-83 83-84 84-85 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90 90-91 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06

YEAR

PR

OD

UC

TIO

N (

Mt)

MAJOR CHROMITE BENEFICIATION MAJOR CHROMITE BENEFICIATION PLANTS IN INDIAPLANTS IN INDIA

64 000;50 ± 2%64 000;50 ± 2%Cr/Fe: 2.4-3.00Cr/Fe: 2.4-3.00

<38<381 65 0001 65 000KaliapaniKaliapaniOMCOMC

65 000; 50 ± 265 000; 50 ± 2Cr/Fe: 2.4-3.0Cr/Fe: 2.4-3.0

<38<381 100 0001 100 000BhimatnagarBhimatnagar(Sukinda)(Sukinda)

TATA TATA STEELSTEEL

30000; 46-4830000; 46-4825-3025-3080 00080 000OstapalOstapal

44 000; 42-45 44 000; 42-45 Cr/Fe = 1.4-4.7Cr/Fe = 1.4-4.7

13-21 13-21 200 000 200 000 BoulaBoulaFACORFACOR

PROJECTED PROJECTED OUTPUT OUTPUT (tpy); (% (tpy); (% CrCr

22OO33))

FEED GRADE FEED GRADE (% Cr(% Cr

22OO33))RATED RATED THROUGHPUT THROUGHPUT CAPACITY (tpy)CAPACITY (tpy)

LOCATIONLOCATIONOPERATOROPERATOR

BENEFICIATION IN INDIABENEFICIATION IN INDIA

PRESENT DAY BENEFICIATION IN INDIAPRESENT DAY BENEFICIATION IN INDIA

CHALLENGES IN BENEFICIATIONCHALLENGES IN BENEFICIATION

LOSS INLOSS INTAILINGSTAILINGS

UTILISATIONUTILISATIONOF OF

LATERITIC WASTELATERITIC WASTE

ORE ORE CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

CHALLENGES CHALLENGES ININ

BENEFICIATIONBENEFICIATION

CHALLENGES IN BENEFICIATIONCHALLENGES IN BENEFICIATION

IRON, LARGELY PRESENT IN INDIAN CHROMITE, CANNOTIRON, LARGELY PRESENT IN INDIAN CHROMITE, CANNOT BE REDUCED EFFECTIVELYBE REDUCED EFFECTIVELY

VARIATION IN CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY STAGE CHROMITE (ESC)VARIATION IN CHARACTERISTICS OF EARLY STAGE CHROMITE (ESC) AND LATE STAGE CHROMITES (LSC)AND LATE STAGE CHROMITES (LSC) A) A) ESC (41.0-59.5% CrESC (41.0-59.5% Cr22OO33)) : EASILY BENEFICIABLE VIA GRAVITY : EASILY BENEFICIABLE VIA GRAVITY

SEPARATION SEPARATION B) B) LSC (21.5-36.0% CrLSC (21.5-36.0% Cr22OO33)) : - GRAVITY/MAGNETIC SEPARATION IS : - GRAVITY/MAGNETIC SEPARATION IS

NOT EFFECTIVE NOT EFFECTIVE - SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT IS BEING LOST - SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT IS BEING LOST

IN TAILINGS IN TAILINGS

NICKELIFERROUS LATERITIC CHROMITE OVERBURDEN IN SUKINDANICKELIFERROUS LATERITIC CHROMITE OVERBURDEN IN SUKINDA ULTRAMAFIC BELT CONTAINING NICKEL (0.6 - 1.1%) IS THE LONEULTRAMAFIC BELT CONTAINING NICKEL (0.6 - 1.1%) IS THE LONE SOURCE OF OXIDE NICKEL IN INDIA. SOURCE OF OXIDE NICKEL IN INDIA.

FUTURE TRENDSFUTURE TRENDS

BENEFICIATIONBENEFICIATIONTRADING TRADING POLICIESPOLICIES

MININGMINING

FUTURE FUTURE TRENDSTRENDS

UNDERGROUNDUNDERGROUNDMININGMINING

FROTHFROTHFLOTATIONFLOTATION

MAGNETICMAGNETICSEPARATIONSEPARATION

EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION

CHROME ORE PRICE VARIATION

$120.00

$320.00

$520.00

$720.00

$920.00

12/03 03/04 06/04 09/04 12/04 03/05 06/05 09/05 12/05 03/06 06/06 09/06 12/06 03/07 06/07 09/07 12/07 03/08 06/08 09/08

Average Price Trigger Base price

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