EVOLUTION OF DRAWING AS AN ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE

Submitted By:Jubayer Al Mahmud

Dept. of Computer Science & EngineeringUniversity of Dhaka

Topics What is drawing?

Early history of drawing.

Evolution of drawing.

Introduction of Modern Engineering Drawing.

Introduction of CAD.

What is Drawing? Drawing is a form of visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium.

There are several categories of drawing Figure drawing Cartooning Doodling Shading

But off course drawing was introduced by cave painting. People used to paint pictures of their hunted animals.

Early History of drawing The earliest drawings were pictures of animals made by prehistoric man on the cave walls

The cave artist recorded only the essential outlines and forms of animals and did not bother with details

Early History of drawing (15th -16th Century)

The rebirth of Western drawing in the 15th century came with the widespread production of paper

At the same time the artists became interested in representing in great detail the physical world around them

In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, artists such as Raphael, Michelangelo, and Hans Holbein the Younger, made preliminary studies and sketches before beginning a painting

A full-sized drawing, called a cartoon, was often used as the basis for the final work

Early History of drawing (16th -17th Century)

Michelangelo's red chalk Study for the Libyan Sibyl (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City) closely resembles his finished fresco painting in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican in Rome

Other notable draftsmen of the 16th and 17th centuries include Peter Paul Rubens, who is known for his pen, brush, and chalk figures

Early History of drawing (18th -19th Century)

During the 18th century, drawing was often used to make a comment on the artist's period and society.

The Italian artists Canaletto and Francesco Guardi recorded their impressions of 18th-century Venice in pen-and-ink drawings that later provided the basis for their paintings

In the 19th century, masterpieces of caricature were produced by the French artists Honore Daumier

Early History of drawing (18th -19th Century) contd.

The English artist William Blake drew in an imaginative and romantic style

The French artist J.A.D. Ingres achieved a precise descriptive exactness of line, as in his famous pencil drawing The Guillon-Lethiere Family

Early History of Drawing (20th Century)Pablo Picasso was a powerful artist of 20th century

He created the sense of drawing 3D paintings using oil on canvas

Henri Matisse, Paul Klee, Joan Miro, Amedeo Modigliani, George Grosz, and Ben Shahn the artists who have also contributed to the rich array of contemporary drawings

EVOLUTION OF ENGINEERING DRAWING

Evolution of Drawing (The Beginning)

No engineering drawing history would be complete unless it started with the mathematician Euclid of Alexandria (350 B.C.) His postulates and axioms are the foundations of the Euclidian geometry upon which today's CAD software systems are built.

Evolution of Drawing (15th-17th Century)

The beginning of contemporary technical drawing originates from 15th century renaissance artists like the Italian Architect Filippo Brunelleschi

He in about 1415 demonstrated the geometrical method of perspective, used today by artists, by painting the outlines of various Florentine buildings onto a mirror

Evolution of Drawing (15th-17th Century)

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)Leonardo da Vinci further developed perspective and technical drawing, using geometric principles from famous Greek mathematicians like Pythagoras of Samos, and Euclid of Alexandria

While he is well known for his Mona Lisa, he was also a designer of military machines and forerunners of today’s industrial machines

While the full extent of his scientific studies has only become recognized in the last 150 years, he was, during his lifetime, employed for his engineering and skill of invention

Many of his designs, such as the movable dikes to protect Venice from invasion, proved too costly or impractical

Some of his smaller inventions entered the world of manufacturing unheralded

Evolution of Drawing (15th-17th Century) Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)

Evolution of Drawing (18th Century)

In the 18th century the mathematician Gaspard Monge developed descriptive geometry, when designing a complicated fortress in a star shape using orthographic projection

Prior to the 18th century there was no need for interchangeable parts, the ability to select components for assembly at random and fit them together within proper tolerances, and accurate drawings were not necessary

Evolution of Drawing (19th Century)

Since the Industrial Revolution specialized fields of engineering design have developed to meet the needs of industry

Military and civil engineering were the first, from which others developed such as mechanical, electrical, chemical, aerospace industrial engineering, and many others

Eventually the development of the computer had a major impact on the methods used to design and create technical drawings

First Drafting Standard was proposed in 1935. During 19th century the Development of CAD started.

Introduction of Modern Engineering Drawing

Engineering drawing is the discipline of creating standardized technical drawing by architects, design engineers, and related professionals Technical drawing includes the various fields and technologies underpinning electronics, which has in turn revolutionized the art with new tools in the form of Computer Aided Design (CAD)

More than just the drawing of pictures, it is also a graphical language that communicates ideas and information from one mind to another

Engineering Drawing

The process of producing engineering drawings is often referred to as technical drawing or drafting.

Evolution of Drawing (Introduction of CAD)

Computer Aided Design, CAD system is a combination of hardware and software that enables engineers and architects to design everything from furniture to airplanes.

Drafting can be done in 2D and 3D.

In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional drawings, these objects have traditionally been represented by three projected views at right angles

Evolution of Drawing (Introduction of CAD)

Sir John Herschel discovered the blueprinting process in 1840 and introduced it in the United States in 1876 but it was much later before it was widely used

He made improvements in photographic processes, particularly in inventing the cyanotype process and variations

He improved the modern blueprint process.

Evolution of Drawing (Development of CAD)

Hanratty is widely credited as “the Father of CADD/CAM.” In 1957, while working at GE, he developed PRONTO (Program for Numerical Tooling Operations), the first commercial CNC programming system. Five years later, Sutherland presented his Ph.D. thesis at MIT titled “Sketchpad, A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System.” Among its features, the first graphical user interface, using a light pen to manipulate objects displayed on a CRT.

Evolution of Drawing (Development of CAD)

Avions Marcel Dassault created its Dassault Systemes subsidiary in 1981 and signed a sales and marketing agreement allowing IBM to resell the CATIA CAD software

CATIA Version 1 was released in 1982 and the IBM-Dassault partnership continues to the present time

Evolution of Drawing (Development of CAD)

The following year, a group of programmers formed Autodesk, and in 1983 released AutoCAD, the first significant CAD program for the IBM PC

Lately Auto Desk released 24 versions of Auto CAD from 1983 to 2013

References1. http://www.drawingandpaintinglessons.com/Drawing-

Lessons/The-Evolution-of-Drawing.cfm

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing

3. http://info.cadcam.org/blog/bid/148578/The-Evolution-of-CAD-Drafting

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design

Thank You