Evolution to 3G

8/3/2019 Evolution to 3G

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2/6/2012 1

Evolution to 3G

Ashish Tayal

DGM (TX-II)

ALTTC Ghaziabad


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GSM

Various subsystems1. Network Subsystem includes the equipments and

functions related to end-to-end call, management of

subscribers, mobility and interface with the fixed PSTN.

2. Radio Subsystem includes the equipments and functions

related to the management of the connections on the

radio path including the management of handovers.

Operations and Maintenance subsystem (OMS) includes

the operation and maintenance of GSM equipment andsupports the operator and network interface.


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3

Network Architecture

BT

S

MSC VLR

HLR

PSTNISDN

Data

Networks

Air interface

OSS

B

T

S

B

T

S

MSC VLR

BSC

BSC


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4

GSM

Network Structure GSM Service Area

PLMN Service Area MSC Service Area

Location Area

Cells


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GSM

Radio Specifications - I

GSM 900 Mhz

Mobile to Cell (UP-LINK) - 890 to 915 MHz

Cell to Mobile (DOWN -LINK) - 935 to 960 MHz

GSM 1800 Mhz

Mobile to Cell (UP-LINK) - 1710 to 1785 MHz

Cell to Mobile (DOWN -LINK) - 1805 to 1880 MHz


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GSM

3 TYPES OF CONTROL CHANNELS

Dedicated control channel DCCH

P - P For Registration, SDCCH

authentication SACCH

&Handover FACCH

Broadcast control channel BCCH

P- MP For Freq Correction FCCH

For Syncronisation SCH

BCCHCommon control channel CCCH

For ACCESSManagement PCH

RACH

AGCH


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2/6/2012 9

Architecture For Mobile Originated Call

BSS-AMS

VLR-A

MSC-A

PLMN

A- I/F

Signaling

IAM ( ISUP )Radio I/F

Signaling

Send Info

for o/g call

/ ACK


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Architecture For Mobile Terminated Call

GMSC- B BSS-B

MS

VLR-B

MSC-B

VISITING PLMN

A- Interface

Air Interface

HLR-B

IAM ( ISUP )


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TAX

CA

TAXND

GMSCMSC

GMSC

MSC/VLR

ND Mobile moves to CA and Powers on MS

CA

ND

HLR

HLRND

MS

9810098111

CA

ND

( Update Location/

Authentication )

De register

Mobile toOld VLR

ACK from

old

MSC/VLR

VLR

LOCATION UPDATION

VLR

VPLMN

HPLMN

Location Update

( TMSI, LAI )

LU Accept

( New TMSI)

Update

Location

Update

Location

LU Accept

(Subs data)

LU Accept

Update

Location

LU Accept

LU Accept

New VLR recordssubscriber data.

Listens

BCCH/FCCH


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TAX

CA

TAX

ND

GMSC

MSC/VLR

GMSC

MSC/VLR

3. ND PSTN Subscriber Dials ND Mobile Subscriber in CA.

CA

ND

LE TANDEM

HLR

HLR

ND

MS

9810098200CA

NDSRI

PRN to

MSC/VLR

CA

ACK from

MSC/VLR

CA

(MSRN)

MSRN

MSRN

MSRN

MSRN

MSISDN

MSISDNMSISDN

Page(TMSI)


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TAX

CA

TAXND

GMSC

MSC/VLR

GMSC

MSC/VLR

4. CA PSTN Subscriber Dials ND Mobile Subscriber in CA.

CA

ND

LE

HLR

HLR

ND

MS

9810098400

CA

ND

SRI

PRN to

MSC/VLR

CA

ACK from

MSC/VLR

CA

(MSRN)

MSRN

MSISDN

Page(TMSI)

TANDEM

MSISDN

MSISDNMSISDN

MSRN

MSRN

MSRN


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2/6/2012 15

3G Statistics ( As on 30thAugust 2005 )

159 commercial 3G operators in 71 countries.

Over 187 million 3G subscribers reported worldwide.

736 different 3G wireless devices introduced commerciallysince inception of 3 G services.

134 3G CDMA devices launched by 27 vendors in last12months.

Action in wireless industry is 3G.


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3G Standard : The choice is CDMA

In 1999ITU narrowed down on 5 technologies for IMT-

2000, 3 of which are based on CDMA technology.

CDMA is the technology of choice for3G.

These are namely CDMA 2000 1x, W-CDMA ( UMTS ) and

TD-SCDMA.


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Brief Outline

Wireless Generations

What is IMT-2000

IMT-2000 : Key Features and objectives.

Technologies for IMT-2000

GSM-Migration path

3G Deploymentand Spectrum Issues


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1946- 1960s 1980s 1990s 2000s

Appeared 1G 2G 3G

Analog Digital Digital

Multi Multi Unified

Standard Standard Standard

Terrestrial Terrestrial Terr. &Sat


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1 G -analog (cellular revolution)- only mobile voice services

2 G - digital (breaking digital barrier)- mostly for voice services &datadelivery

possible

3 G - Voice &data ( breaking data barrier)

- Mainly for data services where voice sevices

will also be possible

Beyond 3G -Wide band OFDM ?

- But surely higher data rates



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No Global standards

No common frequency band

Low information bit rates

LIMITATIONS OF 2ndGENERATION SYSTEMS

Low voice quality

No support of Video

Various categories of systems to meet specific

requirements


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INTERNATIONAL MOBILE TELECOM 2000. ( IMT-2000)

IMT

A FUTURE STANDARD IN WHICH A SINGLEINEXPENSIVE MOBILE TERMINAL CAN TRUELY

PROVIDE COMMUNICATIONSANY TIME AND ANY

WHERE.

THIRDGENERATION (3 G ) STANDARD


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Data Rates up-to 2 Mbps for fixed or IndoorEnvironments.

High speed Packet data services.

Multimedia support.

Backward compatibility with second generation ( 2G ) systems.

Improved system capacity.

Key Requirements of 3G Services

Data Rates up-to 384 kbps forpedestrian or urban Environments.

Data Rates up-to 144 kbps forwide area mobile Environments.


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Integration of Satellite and Terrestrial Systems.

Enhanced Security Performance. Global Seamless Roaming.

Data Rates up-to 2 Mbps for IndoorEnvironment.

Flexible Radio Bearer for Increased Spectrum Efficiency.

Wide Range of Telecommunication Services ( Voice, Data,

Multi-media, Internet ).

Multiple Radio Environments ( Cellular,, cordless, satellite) ).

Common Spectrum Worldwide ( 1.8 2.2 GHz band ).

IMT-2000 VISION


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Evolution Path for GSM

Newspectrum

Existingspectrum

2G evolved 2G 3G

14.4 kbps 64115 kbps 0.3842 mbps115384 kbps

IMT-2000Capable Systems

GSM GPRS EDGE

3G


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GSM Evolution

GPRS

200 KHz carrier

115 Kbps peak data rates

EDGE

200 KHz carrier

Data rates up to 384 Kbps

8-PSK modulation

Higher symbol rate

UMTS

5 MHz carrier

2 Mbps peak data rates

New IMT-2000 2 GHz spectru

GSM

200 KHz carrier

8 full-rate time slots

16 half-rate time slots

GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS

3G2.5G2G

HSCSD

HSCSD

Circuit-switched data

64 Kbps peak data rates


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BSS

BTS

Abis

BSC

Air

Ater

Ater

TC

TCSM

A

MSC

NSS

GSM Architecture NMS


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PSTN

SS7Network

GRPS IPBackboneNetwork

BSC

MSC

SMS-GMSC

HLR/AuC

EIR

CG

DNSSGSN

LIG

PTMSC

BG

GGSN

BTSMS

Internet

Operator B

PLMN

Corporate

Intranet

Corporate

Intranet

Inter-PLMN

Backbone

FWFW

GPRS network


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Differences Between W-CDMA and cdma2000

W-CDMA cdma2000

Asynchronous Synchronous

3.84 Mcps 1.2288 Mcps

New equipment Upgrade existing5 MHz BW 1.25 M Hz BW

3GPP 3GPP2


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Benefits of W-CDMA (UMTS)

Higher voice capacity.

5 MHz bandwidth is more immune to fading.

No accurate Base Station Synchronization Needed.

Support for Hand offTo and From GSM.

Ability to send High Speed Data while Mobile or Fixed -Internet, video, multimedia etc.


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RAN

NMS

PSTN

Internet

CN

Iu-cs

HLR

MSC

MGW

MGW

SGSN

GGSN

GN

A

RNC

RNC

Iur

Iu-cs

Iu-ps

Iu-psIub

BS

BS

BSIub

Uu

Uu

UE

UE

WCDMA Architecture


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2/6/201231

New

modified

routerSoftware

Upgrade

0101001010

SoftwareUpgrade

0101001010

NewSoftware

0101001010

New Software0101001010


MSC

PSTN

BSC

BTS

GSM Network

SGSN

WWWEnterprise Network

VPN

IP

Backbone

Adding GPRS Data

GGSN

GPRS

Backbone

New

EquipmentBSC

BSC Upgrade

NewTerminal

New cell sites

(in some cases)

Modem

Pool

BTS

Software

Upgrade

0101001010

BSC Upgrade

NewSoftware

0101010100

New Software

0101010100


MSC

PSTN

BSC

BTS

SGSN

WWWEnterprise Network

VPN

IP

Backbone

GGSN

GPRS

Backbone

Newmodified

router

NewEquipment

BSC

NewTerminal

New cell sites(in some cases)

ModemPool

BTS

3G Data

Backbone

3G

GGSN

W-CDMABSC

3G

SGSN

NewEquipment

& Software

NewEquipment

& Software

W-CDMA

BTS

New

Terminal

Adding W-CDMA


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2/6/201233

Migration Path

While a multiplicity of 2G standards have beendeveloped and deployed, the ITU wanted to avoid asimilar situation to develop for 3G.

Hence, the ITU Radio communication Sector (ITU-R)has elaborated on a framework for a global set of 3Gstandards, which will f acilitate global roaming byoperating in a common core spectrum and providingmigration path from all the major existing 2Gtechnologies.

The major 2G

Radio access networks are based oneither CDMA One or GSM technologies and differentmigration path is proposed for each of thesetechnologies.


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EMERGING 3G TECHNOLOGIES

1. GSM EDGE.

2. WCDMA or CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO.


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CRITICAL ISSUES IN 3G DEPLOYMENT

1. SEAMLESS MIGRATION OF EXISTING NETWORK.

2. NATURE AND QUANTUM OF LICENSE FEE.

3. INTER OPERATABILITY OF EQUIPMENTS.

4. ALLOCATION OF SPECTRUM.

5. PRICING OF SPECTRUM.


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ISSUES FOR 3G DEPLOVMENT

1. A HIGH RISK BUSINESS, HUGE INVESTMENTS.

2. IT IS UNLIKE 2G WHERE MARKET FORECASTS WERE

CERTAIN.

3. NO ROAD-MAP TO 3G EXISTS.

4. NO PROVEN BUISNESS MODEL EXISTS FOR 3G.

5. IS 2.5 G NOT ENOUGH.


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2/6/20123

7

TRAIs Recommendations on Spectrum for 3GServices.

3G not treated as a new service requiring new license but an

extension of existing 2/2.5 G services.

In order to reach a target of 200m mobile subscribers by end of

2007, GSM and CDMA operators need more spectrum allocation.

Allocation of available spectrum in 800 MHz to be made available

to CDMA operators immediately. Additional spectrum in

450 MHz band to be allocated as when demanded.

Salient Points :


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Reactions to TRAIs Recommendations for

3G Spectrum Allocation

Recommendations focus on comparison and issues relating tojust two specific mobile technologies GSM and CDMA.

Entry fee for3G ??

First mover advantage to CDMA operators back door entry

into 3G CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO.

Drifting from current subscriber based spectrum allocation

criterion for both GSM and CDMA operators, TRAI hassuggested technology natural criterion for allocating spectrum.

CDMA spectrally more efficient !!


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Future!

4thGeneration ??

3rdGeneration

GSM+EDGE

GSM+GRPS

GSM+VAS

2

nd G

eneration (digital)1stGeneration (analogue)

Evolution of mobile networks


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Thank You !!

Questions ?

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