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Evolution vs. Theory of Evolution
Evolution – change over timeTheory – origins of organisms
Plato (427-347 BC)
Believed in two worlds:
1.Real World – ideal, perfect
2.Illusionary World – perceived through senses, can see imperfection
No need for evolution b/c everything is perfect
Aristotle (384-322 BC)Student of Plato
Organized ladder or scale of organisms and nature
Each organism had own step
All organisms perfect so no evolution necessary
Ladder never changed
Complex on top
Simple on bottom
George Curvier (1782-1832)
Developed palentology
Study of fossils
Relative Dating
Compared fossils to current organisms
Similarities faded in deeper layers
Theory of Catastrophism: each layer represents an event (drought/flood), fossils were victims, remaining organisms either survived or immigrated
Each layer housed organisms that resembled current organisms
Jean Baptiste LamarckCompared living organisms to fossils
Found similarities
Traced descent
Theory of Use – Disuse:body parts used will become strong while those not being used will disappear
Ex. Long neck giraffes, reaching for food
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics:Once organism develops these “strengths”, passed on to offspring would be advantageous
Ex. Necks stretched long
Charles Darwin
Explored new regions of Earth along South American coastline
At age 22, selected to be the naturalist aboard the HMS Beagle
Darwin Discovery
Theory of Natural Selection:Mechanism of change over time, adaptation over time
Found in the beaks of finches along Galapogos Islands
Thomas Malthus
Economist
Human Population Bomb
Thomas Malthus
“The human population grows faster than the
Earth. As a result of this large population, we experience death,
starvation, and competition”
Publication “ On the Origin of Species” remains controversial.