EX-ACT: EX-Ante Carbon balance Tool
Madeleine Jönsson, FAO
Carbon in Soils, Kulturhuset, Stockholm
08.05.2012
Outline of this PresentationOutline of the presentation
• What is EX-ACT
• What can EX-ACT do
• Why the EX-ACT tool
• The EX-ACT tool: technical description
- The structure and logic of EX-ACT
-One example from case studies
WHAT IS EX-ACT ? What is EX-ACT?
• EX-ACT :
– A tool to conduct the carbon balance appraisals of
Agricultural, Forestry and other Land Use (AFOLU)
projects
• Developed by:
– FAO Economic Division (ESA), FAO Investment Center
(TCI) and Policy Support Services (TCSP)
• In collaboration with:
– French Development Research Institute(IRD), GIZ, IFAD,
AFD(France) AfDB, SEI(Sweden), ADEME (France),
World Bank
What can EX-ACT do?
• Assess the carbon balance of
– AFOLU projects
– Value Chains
– National Strategic plans/policies
• Select activities with better potential to cope with
sustainability
• Help decision making during project formulation
What can EX-ACT do?
Takes into account activities
that impact GHG fluxes (emissions and sinks)
Deforestation, A-Re/forestation, forest degradation, Restoration of grasslands, livestock, cultivation of annual
crops, cultivation of perennial crops, fertilization of crops, installation of building, installation of irrigation systems...
CO2, CH4, N2O
from and to different pools
above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, soil, litter and dead wood
EMISSIONS STOCKS
Positive result : There are more emissions
Negative result: There are less emissions
MITIGATION !
Carbon balance in t of eq-CO2
Why the EX-ACT tool?
Advantages Limitations
• Well suited for the assessment of
projects activities on various land-
use areas and scale
• Flexible
• Projections for longer time
horizons
• Simple, user-friendly, cost effective
• Interactive and participatory
• Output can be used for financial
and economic analysis
• It is Excel based
Lacks a link to yield/agricultural
productivity indicators
Why the EX-ACT tool?
• Project formulation
• Developing future
strategies and
objectives
• National/regional level
agricultural Programme
• Cost-effectiveness
analysis (MACC)
• Analysis of the
possibility to access
public funding or the
carbon market
EX-ACT
Project and
policy design
Value chain
Economics
and finance
EX-ACT: technical description
The structure and the logic of EX-ACT
Project activities
(identification of expected
land use and practices changes)
Project
Description
Carbon balance
Climate
Continent
Soil
Duration
Deforestation
Afforestation and Reforestation
Forest degradation
Non forest land use change
Annual crops
Perennial crops
Irrigated rice
Grasslands
Exploitation of organic soils
Livestock
Inputs
Other investments
Matrix
(Synthesis of land
use and land
use changes)
-Describe
vegetation/animals/inputs
concerned
-Describe main management
practices
-Area concerned
EXCEL File
-Start situation
-Future without project
-Future with project
Tier 1:
IPCC coefficients
Tier 2 : ad-hoc
The structure and logic of EX-ACT
The structure and the logic of EX-ACT
Time (years)
Implementation phase
With project
Without project
Capitalization phase
Difference used to compute the final C
balance in tons CO2 equivalent
Vari
ab
le c
on
sid
ere
d
(ha o
f la
nd u
se, num
ber
of
cattle
heads,…
)
x0
x1
x2
3 different dynamics of change
(adoption) of practices
Benefits of
the project
The structure and logic of EX-ACT
The structure and the logic of EX-ACTA
bso
lute
Ch
an
ge
(x1-x
0)
t0 t1
“Immediate” “Linear” “Exponential”
t0 t1 t0 t1
Time
(years)
Default option
in Tier 1
3 different dynamics of change (adoption) of practice
The structure and logic of EX-ACT
The structure and logic of EX-ACT: results
2 types of results:
• Gross results
• Carbon balance (net benefits of the
project)
The structure and logic of EX-ACT: gross results
• Emissions: 100 000 t 30 000 t
• Sequestration: 20 000 t 50 000 t
The structure and logic of EX-ACT: gross results
30
-50
-20
100
-20
80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Emissions Sequestration TOTAL
t C
O2
-eq
with
without+ =
The structure and logic of EX-ACT: C
balance
-20
80
-100-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
with without C balance
t C
O2
-eq
Objective: Increase agricultural livestock productivity with an increased focus on agro-forestry
Targets: 7.500 farm families
Means: improved feeding practices, increased agro-forestry, stop residue burning, adoption of improved
practises
Duration of carbon balance appraisal: 3+17 years
The East African Dairy Development (EADD) Project in collaboration with the Mitigation
of Climate Change in Agriculture (MICCA), FAO
Example: carbon balance appraisal of a project
-600000
-400000
-200000
0
200000
400000
600000
Gross fluxes EADD Project
Gross fluxes scenario 1
Gross fluxes scenario 2
Contacts
• Website: http://www.fao.org/tc/exact/en/
• E-mail: [email protected]
• EX-ACT team:– Martial Bernoux, [email protected]
– Louis Bockel, [email protected]
– Giacomo Branca, [email protected]
– Madeleine Jönsson, [email protected]
– Daneswar Poonyth, [email protected]
– Rocio Sanz Cortés, [email protected]
– Ophélie Touchemoulin, [email protected]
24/06/2010
Return
24/06/2010
Project Summary Area (Initial state in ha)
Name Forest/Plantation 35000
Annual 12400 Implementation 10
Continent Africa Cropland Perennial 0 Capitalisation 10
Rice 21800 Total 20
Climate Tropical Moist Grassland 40000
Other LandDegraded 28750
Dominante Soil TypeHAC Soils Other 0 Total Area 137950
N2O CH4 Per phase of the project
Biomass Soil Implement. Capital. Total Implement. Capital.
-628907 this is a sink -357207 -271700 0 0 -447773 -181133 -31445 -44777 -18113
-989278 this is a sink -719813 -269466 0 0 -344334 -644944 -49464 -34433 -64494
-188444 this is a sink -8800 -179644 0 0 -68681 -119763 -9422 -6868 -11976
-277879 this is a sink 0 -161220 -32290 -84370 -92626 -185253 -13894 -9263 -18525
-183225 this is a sink -167475 -15750 0 0 -57225 -126000 -9161 -5723 -12600
-48612 this is a sink 0 0 0 -48612 -16204 -32408 -2431 -1620 -3241
-146396 this is a sink 0 -146396 0 0 -48799 -97598 -7320 -4880 -9760
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
91148 this is a source 28358 --- 25980 65168 4557 2598 6517
1463 this is a source --- --- 1463 0 73 146 0
Final Balance -2370130 It is a sink -1189041 -1044176 -3931 -132981 -1048200 -1321930 -118506 -104820 -132193
Result per ha -17.2 -8.6 -7.6 0.0 -1.0 -7.6 -9.6 -0.9 -0.8 -1.0
Components of the Project
Other GHG Emissions
Livestock
Inputs
Deforestation
Afforestation and Reforestation
Other Land Use Change
Agriculture
Project Investment
Annual Crops
Agroforestry/Perennial Crops
Rice
Grassland
1463
All GHG in tCO2eq
Balance (Project - Baseline)
Duration of the
Project (years)
Mean per year
CO2 (other)
---
62790
CO2
-1000000
-800000
-600000
-400000
-200000
0
200000
Deforestation Afforestation and
Reforestation
Other Land Use
Change
Annual Crops Agroforestry/Perennial
Crops
Rice Grassland Livestock Inputs Project Investment
Return
24/06/2010
Return
24/06/2010
Return