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•Exam #1 W 2/10 in class(bring your cheat sheet)Review T 2/9 from 6-8pmin WRW 102
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Is this all of your DNA?
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Mitochondria have their own DNA.
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Both Mitochondria and Chloroplast have DNA
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mitochondria
Only the egg provides mitochondria to the offspring.
Fig 47.3
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HumanLifeCycle
In femalesMom provides 50.000275% and Dad provides 49.999825% of DNA to offspring.
… because Mom provides 100% of mitochondrial DNA
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A few diseases are caused by mutations in mtDNA
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Pedigree of a mitochondrial disease:(black signifies affected individual)
Which shape represents females?
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Pedigree of a mitochondrial disease:
Males and females may be affected by a disease coded on mtDNA, but only females pass it on.
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Mitochondrial DNA comparisons can be used to trace ancestry:
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Tsar’s Family
During the Bolshevik revolution, the Tsar’s family was captured and executed.
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Tsar’s Family
There are many stories about what happened to their youngest daughter Anastasia
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Anna Anderson, claimed she was Anastasia
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Anna Anderson claimed she was Anastasia, but tests of her mtDNA and one of Anastasia’s maternal relatives did not match.
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For more info check out: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_RussiaOr the book “Seven Daughters of Eve” by Bryan Sykes
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Phenotype
Genotype
Fig 14.8
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Y y
r R
Gene for seed color
Gene for seed shape
Approximate position of seed color and shape genes in peas
Chrom. 1/7 Chrom. 7/7
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Fig 15.2The inheritance of genes on different chromosomes is independent:independent assortment
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Some crosses do not give the expected results
Fig 15.9
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Fig 15.9
Heterozygous wild typegray w/ normal wings
b+ b vg+ vg
Homozygous wild typeblack w/vestigial wings
b b vg vg
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=25%
8%9%41%42%
Fig15.9
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Does this show recombination?
D/dM1/M2
d/dM1/M2
D/dM1/M2
d/dM2/M2
D/dM2/M2
d/dM2/M2
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Does this show recombination?
D/dM1/M2
d/dM1/M2
D/dM1/M2
d/dM2/M2
D/dM2/M2
d/dM2/M2
arental ecomb.
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=25%
8%9%41%42%
Fig15.9
Why fewer recombinants than parentals?
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These two genes are on the same chromosome
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These two genes are on the same chromosome,and close together.
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Homologouspair of chromosomes
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By comparing recombination frequencies, a linkage map can be constructed
= ? m.u.
Fig 15.11
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By comparing recombination frequencies, a linkage map can be constructed
= 17 m.u.
Fig 15.11
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Linkage map of Drosophila chromosome 2
Fig 15.12
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Only 2 of the 4 chromosomes can cross-over.
Recombinants
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Linkage map of Drosophila chromosome 2
Fig 15.12
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Yeast chromosome 3
physical distance linkage
map
Recombination is not completely random.
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•Exam #1 W 2/10 in class(bring your cheat sheet)Review T 2/9 from 6-8pmin WRW 102