Examp and HSE

8/12/2019 Examp and HSE

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DollySubstrate

Steel

Example 1

Substrate Dolly

Steel

Example 2


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Example 3

STEEL

Example 4

STEEL


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Frosio course hand-out: Section 18 HES

1

Frosio 18 HES slide # 1

Safety, Environment and HealthHES


Many risks are involvedwhen working with paints

Safety Explosion and Fire

Health Manufacturing and Surface treatment

Environment Emission to air (VOC) Emission to water (Maintenance) Emission to soil (Waste handling)


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Safety hazard

Explosion / fire Mainly related to the solvents Remember: Solvents are heavier than air and will

flow along the floor to possible ignition sources High risk areas are:

Close to hot work (welding, gas-cutting,etc.) Confined spaces (Ventilation)

Injuries of persons

High pressure equipment:- Airless spray, Blast cleaning and Waterblasting equipment


Solvents are heavier than air

A fire may start in lowerareas or compartments

Ignorant personnel belowcan be affected

Safety hazard: Solvents


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Working with solventsrepresents a safety risk

Solvents are heavier thanair

The solvents may flow tolower compartments orareas

Hot work may ignite thesolvents

A fire or an explosionmay be initiated

SHE: Solvents_fire1


You need to know where the safetystations are located

Learn how to use the equipment Time is important in case of accidentsTime is important in case of accidents Photo shows fixed and mobile equipment

CD 4930 no. 14


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You need to know where the fireextinguishers are located

Learn how to usethe extinguishers

Time is importantTime is importantin case of accidentsin case of accidents

Testing, services

and maintenance isrequired at fixedintervals

CD 4930 no. 15


Safety risk:High pressure equipment

Surface treatment involves equipmentwith very high pressures

Never point any high pressure unitat another person or at yourself !!

Blast cleaning- Mixture of air and particles

Water Jetting- Water up to above 2500 Bar

Airless spray application- Paint


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Blast-cleaning and water jettingrepresent a safety risk for theoperator

High pressures areinvolved

Never point the guns atyourself or any othernearby person

Always use approvedequipment

Unapproved equipmentmay give inadequateprotection

SHE \ She Glove_and_booth1


Working gloves should alwaysbe used to protect the hands

Different types of gloves for different type of jobs: For protection against solvents, bruises

and for blast-cleaning

CD 4930 no. 04


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Safety shoes with hard cap

Mandatory in heavy industry Different types are available

CD 4930 no. 05


How can we reduce the possibilityfor accidents to happen ?

Read the Safety Data Sheet and followthe given precautions and advices

Check the surrounding areas for nearbyactivities, particularly welding,machining etc. (remember lower levels)

Ensure proper ventilation and check thedirection where solvents may move

Always use approved and sufficientpersonal protection equipment ofapproved type


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How flammable is a paint ?

The Flash pointFlash point tells how flammable a Paint is.

The flash point is the lowest temperatureat which the fumes from the solvents

ignite or explode

Classification:Classification:Extremely flammable: Flash point below 0 C

Highly flammable: Flash point between 0 and 21 CFlammable: Flash point between 21 and 55 C

This information can be found in the Safety Data Sheet


Too concentrated Upper explosion limit

Risk of having explosion

Lower explosion limit

Typical range for solvents:1 vol.% (10.000 ppm) - 8 vol.% (80.000 ppm)

Too diluted

Range of concentration where anexplosion might occur


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Precautions when paintingin confined spaces.

Ensure good ventilation Exhaust points for fumes / solvents

must be close to the bottom Start application from the bottom and

up Always use non-sparking tools Use antistatic clothing with hood

Use masks with air supply Use boots and gloves Safety lines Sufficient rest periods

Never smokeor use naked flames !


Dangerous Practice!


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Evaluation ofEnvironmental hazards

Eco-toxicological data Toxicity for organisms at different trophic

levelsBioaccumulation data Accumulation of substances in organismsDegradation data Rate of biotic and abriotic degradation

Dangerous for the Ozon layerLife Cycle Assessment Health and environmental impacts Energy consumption and handling of waste


Evaluation of health hazards

Gives the main healthimpacts

Includes toxicologicalaspects

Toxicological data :- Acute: LD50 and LC 50 values

Irritation and sensitization- Chronic effects

Cancerogenic, mutagenic,reproduction and neurotoxic


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Where to find / seek informationabout SHE related matters

Legislation and Regulations fromauthorities

Companys internal safety system Safety Data Sheets Label on tin of the Paint Experienced colleagues Suppliers of equipment or products


SymbolsDanger for the environment

This symbol may be found inSafety Data Sheets and on the paint tin labels:

The symbol will be found on all

substances classified as hazardousto the environment. So far, no classification criteria

for ready made paint products areimplemented.Dangerous for

the environment

Symbol = N


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Transportationof dangerous goods Transportation of dangerous goods may

take place by Sea, Road, Rail and morerarely: By air

Responsible organisations are:

Media OrganisationAir IATA International Air Transport Association

Sea IMO International Maritime OrganisationRoad ADR European agreement on international

road transportation of dangerous goodsRail RID International regulations for transportation

of dangerous goods by rail


SymbolsFire and explosion hazards

These symbols can be found inSafety Data Sheets and on the paint tin label

Explosive Oxidizing Extremelyflammable

Highlyflammable

E O F+ F


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SymbolsHealth hazards

These symbols can be found inSafety Data Sheets and on the paint tin label

Very Toxic Toxic Corrosive Harmful Irritant

T+ T C Xn Xi


Classification of chemicalsE ExplosiveO OxidisingF+ Extremely f lammableF Very flammableT+ Very ToxicT Toxic

C CorrosiveXn HarmfulXi IrritatingIK Not Classified

A SensitizingK Carcenogenic

(cat.1, 2 and3)R Reproduction Hazard

(rep1, 2 and 3)M Mutagenic

(mut.1, 2 and 3)


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There is a lot of usefulinformation on the label of the tin

Useful information,such as:

Health hazardclassification

Risk phrases Safety phrases

SHE: Label_on_tin1


Label of tin gives useful informationExample of tin label: Thinner no.17

Note the safety and health signs, Risk and Safety (R/S)phrases

Read Material Safety Data Sheet for further information

CD 4930 no. 10


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Types of information to be found inthe safety data sheet (16 points).

1. Identification of the company2. Composition and ingredients3. Hazard identification4. First aid measure5. Fire fighting Measures6. Accidental release measures7 . Handling and storage

8. Exposure control andpersonal protection

9. Physical and chemicalproperties

10. Stability and reactivity11. Toxicological information12. Ecological information13. Disposal considerations14. Transport information

15. Regulatory information16. Other information


Limit Values. Several expressionsare used. Basically they mean the same.

Threshold Limit Value (TLV), particularly in USA Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL), particularly in UK Administrative norm, particularly in Norway

The concentration level of a specified substance

in a working atmosphere which will notcause harm to a person when inhaling thecontaminated air for more then 8 hours daily

and during a whole working life time.

NOTE: There are no definite limits asindividual differences will exist


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Occupational Air Requirement (OAR)

The amount of air necessary to dilute the fumesfrom one litre of a paint or product to a

concentration lower than the administrative norm

00 0 - 30 m /l0 30 - 100 m /l1 100 - 400 m /l2 400 - 800 m /l3 800 -1600 m /l4 1600 -3200 m /l5 >3200 m /l

OAR Group OAR Figures


OAR figures for some paints

Type of paint Solvents % solvents OAR figure OAR by weight group

AlkydBitumenEpoxy, 2 pack

Epoxy mastic

Coal tar epoxyZinc ethylsilicateChlorinated rubberVinyl

Vinyl tar

White spirit...Xylene, White spiritXylene, Butanol,Ethylglycol...

Xylene, Toluen,ethylglycol..Xylene,Ethanol, ethylglycolXyleneXylene, Acetate,Ketone...Xylene, White spirit

30 - 6030 - 4050 - 60

15 - 25

30 - 4020 - 3040 - 6060 - 75

60 - 70

800 - 16001600 - 24003200 - 5000

800 - 1200

1600 - 3000800 - 1600

1300 - 38004400 - 6000

3200 - 4000

345

3

43

3-55

5


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Theoretical calculationof required ventilation. Example:

Tank : 4000 mApplication : 200 litre over a period of 12 hours

Occupational Air Requirement(OAR) : 3000 m per litre (OAR group 4)

Amount of air required: 200 l x 3000 m pr l = 600.000 mAir required per hour : 600.000 m / 12 h = 50.000 m/ h

Number of exchanges per hour:50.000 m per h / 4.000 m = 12.5 X


The solvents will remain in aroom for a long period of time

PPM

1 5 10 15 Hours

900

700

500

300

100

Application by airless spraySolvent: White SpiritVolume paint: 4.5 litrePainted area: 25 mVolume of room: 20 m Ventilation: 100 m per hour

OEL (level may vary)

Highest concentration:1- 2 hours after application


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Evaporation of solvents during applicationof an object

Area: 10.000 mDry Film thickness: 300 microns

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Mastic Tar Epoxy Alkyd CR 82 % 65 % 50 % 40 %

Litres ofSolvents

Vol. % Solids


Evaporation of solventsfor different types of paint

Dry film thickness of 100 microns

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ml/m 2

300

200

100

0

Vol.% Solids

.

. CR / VinylCR / VinylEpoxy TarEpoxy Tar

Epoxy MasticEpoxy Mastic


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Are we capable of noticingthe presence of solvents ?

In most cases: YesYesWe can smell the Solvents before

the Administrative norm is reached

Odour Threshold (0.5 - 20 ppm)

Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL)(50 - 100 ppm)

Lower explosion limit (LEL) (10.000 ppm)


General precautions forsurface treatment (1 of 3)

Before the work starts Do not start the work without proper training or experience Know all safety routines and where to find

necessary equipment if an accident should occur Read and understand all Safety and Technical Data Sheets

Know all the hazards involved (R phrases) Know all protective measures requires (S phrases) Availability of appropriate, personal protection equipment Evaluate the work place regarding

- Other nearby activities, warning signs,mixing station, first aid kits, ventilation, housekeeping


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During work Always use appropriate, approved

personal protection equipment Use the tools and equipment correctly to avoid

injuries to others or to yourself Keep all containers / tins closed The work can be exhausting: Take sufficient

rests Keep the work place tidy during the work



After work Close all Containers / tins Clean the equipment properly Store unused paint and thinners safely

(Paint store)

Throw waste in designated containers.(Hazardous waste)

Clean the personal protection equipmentand store it properly to avoid contamination

Clean yourself with water and cleaningcream



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Health hazards duringpre-treatment work.

Blast cleaning Dust Noise Old paint (Heavy metals, dust)

Water jetting Noise Concentrated water mist

(drowning in confined space)

Power tool cleaning Noise Dust


Hard hat

Mandatory at yards Always use approved

types Here, a smart All in

one solution. Hard

hat, protective glassesand ear protection

The gloves shown arevery suitable whenblast-cleaning

CD 4930 no. 03


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Noise levels whenworking with pre-treatment

The noise levels are often very high. Levels in the range of 120 - 130 decibels

are not rare. In many countries protection of the ears

are prescribed at levels above 85 decibels Investigation has shown that a

considerable part of the equipment hasunsatisfactory noise level

Always use approved types


The hazards of dustDust entering the lungs may cause several diseases:

Silicosis (Inhalation of silica from abrasives and quartz) Asbestosis (From dust of asbestos) Siderosis (From dust of iron oxide) Lung cancer (quarts)

Small particles ( 5 microns) can enter thenarrow parts of the lungs


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Why protect against dust ?

Oxygen enters the bodythrough the respiratoryorgans and diffuses intothe blood system

Dust may precipitate inthe organs and create abarrier against theuptake of oxygen

A suitable mask will filterthe dust away and cleanair enter the lungs

SHE: Dusk_and_mask1


Respirable dust. Vacuum blasting,free blasting and wet blasting

Respirable dust produced as a function of pressure and addition of water

30

25

2015

10

5

0

30

25

2015

10

5

07 Bar2 Bar 7 Bar2 Bar7 Bar

Free Blasting Wet Blasting1.1 l / min

VacuumBlasting

mg / m % of total


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Size of particles in dustfrom various types of abrasives

The figure shows the relative concentrationof particles less than 5 microns

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

30

25

20

15

10

5

0Al. OxideCast Iron Quartz

SandOlivinSand

Al. Silicate

% of total % of total


Protection against dust and gas

Use approved respirator assembly Mask with filter Unit consisting of support belt, air flow control

valve, breathing tube, hood/helmet with filterunit.

Different contaminants require differentfilters

Dust: Filter P1 - P3 Gas from organic solvents: Filter A1 - A3 Combination-filters (P and A) are recommended


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This type of maskprotects against dust, only

Various type of filters protect against various types ofdust and different particle / dust size (P1, P2, P3)

Read Material Safety Data Sheet thoroughly

CD 4930 no. 08


Brown filter mask forprotection against solvents

Important to select correct type of filter:Read Material Safety Data Sheet.

Store safely and well protected against contamination

CD 4930 no. 06

Use approvedmasks andfilters only


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Unopened, sealed mask forprotection against solvents and dust.

Important to select correct type of filter:Read Material Safety Data Sheet.

Absorption of impurities and solventsstarts when the seal is broken

CD 4930 no. 07


Gas filters Use gas filters to protect against solvent vapours Filter against organic solvents must have brown

colour code and/or the letter code A Filters to be used for other gases have other colour

codes and letter codes

A1 Lowest degree of protectionA2 Medium degree of protectionA3 Highest degree of protection

Remember to replace gas filters before theybecome saturated!


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Dust filters Use dust filters to protect against inhaling dust, smoke

and fog. Filters will have the letter code P Are grouped according to how coarse or fine dust they

protect against

P1: Lowest degree of protectionP2: Medium degree of protectionP3: Highest degree of protection

P2 must be used for example when we grind or wirebrush If dust contain toxic or carcinogenic particles, P3 filter

must be used


Combination filters

A combination of gas and dust filtersis often used

This is especially the case whenspray-applying paint

Filters:

A2P2

or

A2P3


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Health hazardswhen using paints.

BindersBinders Skin contact. Particularly Epoxy, Amines and Isocyanates may

cause skin irritation and Allergic reactions

Other constituents:Other constituents: Tar, Heavy metals

By inhalation Skin contact Ingestion

Solvents: May enter the body in three ways:


Health hazards fromsolvent exposure

Acute effects

Headache Abnormal tiredness Dizziness Nausea

Long term effects

Irritability Loss of memory Organ damages

(kidneys, liver, CNS) Reduced reaction ability Reduced evaluation ability

Skin irritations

Eczema Dry and cracked skin


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Health hazards whenworking with surface treatment.

Skin contact

Inhalation

Ingestion

Brain and nervoussystem

Eyes

Respiratory system

Skin

KidneysLiver

Reproductivesystem

Hazards:Hazards:

Heart andcirculation system

Gastro intestinaltract


Solvents.Symptoms and diseases

Acute symptoms Dizziness, nausea, headache, insensibility,

irritation of skin, nose and mouth.

Chronic symptoms Brain damage, impact on the nervous system,respiratory system, liver, kidneys, circulationsystem, shaking / loss of feeling, change ofbehaviour / judgement


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Health hazard:inhalation of solvents

The most dangerous hazard Solvents will be transported by the blood stream to

internal organs of the body. Amount absorbed and the effect on the body will

depend on: Type of solvent, period of exposure,concentration and work load.

May cause damage to: Central nervous system,

respiratory system, liver, kidneys and reproductivesystems,

Protective measures:Proper ventilation.

Use approved, protective mask


Suit covering the whole bodygives good protection

Here: Disposablesuit for paintingwith epoxy

Fresh air mask Gloves

SHE: Disposable_suit1


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Fresh air mask

Usually used inclosedcompartments

Air supply fromcompressor placedoutside thecompartment

Beard may causeleaks

CD 4930 no. 19


Health hazard:Skin contact with solventsThe most frequently occurring health effects Causes:

- Reddening- Swelling- Drying and cracking of skin- Absorption through intact skin: Some, like Xylene- Absorption through damaged skin: Several, like White Spirit

Protective measures:Avoid direct contact

Protective clothes, gloves and boots


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Breathing of vapours and directcontact with skin must be avoided

Solvents can lead toseveral healthproblems

Dry out the skin Transportation by the

blood may harm vitalorgans:

Brain, liver, nervoussystem, kidneys,reproduction systemetc.

Take care of your own health

Thinners are veryharmful to the body.

CD 4930 no. 09


Several mistakes are done .Are you able to find them ?

SHE relatedmistakes

Technicalmistakes?

SHE \ She mistakes1


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Health hazard:Splash in the eyes

Some thinners are more dangerous than others Consult the Safety Data Sheet. Irritates or injures the eyes

Protective measures:

Use approved safety glasses or a visorFlush for at least 15 minutes with tempered, cleanwaterSeek medical assistance

Often occurring when pouring thinners and stirring paints


Eye wash / shower cabinets are usually located in thevicinity of the work place

Make sure you knowthe location of them

Important to keep inorder; function testingregularly

yevask

Dusj, kabinett

9 - 25


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Very simple type of first aid locker The content may vary significantly Usually they contain the most important

remedies Know where to find them !

CD 4930 no. 16


Eye wash station

Sign gives twoimportantinformation:

Mandatory

equipment to beused in the area

Eye wash unit isplaced inside thelocker


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Health hazards whenworking with Epoxies.

Hazards :Eczema and allergic reactions on the skinLiquid Epoxies with low molecular weigths (below 700)are most likely to give an allergic reactionAn allergic reaction to Epoxy is irreversible.Hyper-sensitive persons must stay away from epoxies.

Protective measuresProtective clothes covering the whole body and glovesProper cleaning with water, soap and cleaning creamUse disposable overalls


Health hazards whenworking with tar containing paints.

HazardsThe main hazard with tar containing paints is the risk fordeveloping cancer, especially when exposed to strongsunlightLong term exposure to vapours may damage internalorgans, cause heritable genetic defects and birth defects

Short term exposure to fume and vapours may causeirritation to nose, throat and eyesSplashes to skin causes irritation

Protective measuresProtective mask to avoid breathing vapoursProtective clothes covering the whole body and gloves


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Health hazards when workingwith paints containing Isocyanates.

The monomer is more volatile than the pre-polymer and istherefore more dangerousIsocyanates are found in Polyurethane paints

HazardsIrritation of eyes skin and airwaysSensitization by inhalation and skin contactAsthma

Protective measuresProtective mask to avoid breathing of vapoursProtective clothes covering the whole body, boots andgloves


Some times used in pigments, additives or driers.Hazards (Metal fumes,dust from hot work)

Zinc. Dust and fumes: Zinc fever, chills, coughing,irritationCopper. Fumes: Metal fever and chillsLead. Dust and fumes. Damage blood cells, Anemi,skeleton, reduced fertility and central nervous systemChromium. Dust and fumes: Sensitisation, cancerNickel / Cobalt. Sensitisation

General Protective measuresProtective mask to avoid breathing of vapoursProtective clothes covering the whole body, boots andgloves

Health hazards when workingwith paints containing heavy metals.


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Antifoulings are generally looked upon as Toxic Some antifoulings contain Tin Tin may cause irritation to skin and eyes the

central nervous system and effect the immunesystem

General Protective measuresProtective mask to avoid breathing ofspray mist / dropletsProtective clothes covering the whole body,boots and gloves

Health hazards when workingwith antifoulings.


Label of tin gives usefulinformation

Note the safety and health signs,Risk and Safety (R/S) phrases

Read Material Safety Data Sheet for further information

CD 4930 no. 11


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CD 4930 no. 12

Application of Antifouling Antifouling isconsidered toxic

Operator followsSafety and healthregulations :

Mask

Protective suit Working gloves


It is important to warn other personnel aboutongoing paint work

Several type of signsare used to describethe hazards

Do not forget to put up

the signs before thework starts Do not overlook

warningsput up by others

CD 4930 no. 13


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How dangerous is achemical or a paint ?

Different persons will respond differentlyIn general the hazard will depend on:

The concentrationand risk of exposure

The toxicity andamount

of the compound

The contact periodwith the chemical


Conditions at the workplace

Near by activities Cordon off areas

Waste treatmentVentilation

Housekeeping


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Life Cycle AssessmentTotal life cycle must be evaluated

High solid paintsoffer manyadvantages

Less production Less transportation

Fewer coats Lower VOC Less waste

SHE \ LCA_Paints

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