Name: ................................................

Example of existing Art Deco bags.

Art Deco designs

**Remember** You are designing an Art Deco

fashion bag—think about relevant annotation

and detail.

No Preliminary Material or any associated

material may be taken into the exam.

Learn you design and annotation before you go into your exam.

Components

and fabrics

used

Colours to be used and

textures of fabrics

Style and shape of details,

eg. Handles, basic bag

shape

Close-up sections of

details

Sizes and dimen-

sions

Use of sustain-

able materials

How does the

product meets

the specification

Suitability to

the customer /

user

Front and back views and

other views if appropriate

Source of the Art Deco

design

Use of sustain-

able materials

Names of decora-

tive techniques

Components and

fabrics used

Purpose / function of de-

sign. How will it be used

and by whom?

Task: using your knowledge, revision book , text books and the internet find the definitions

to the following key words:

Make sure you understand what all the key words and definitions mean—this will help

when answering the exam questions.

Product Analysis

....................................................................

....................................................................

Target Market

....................................................................

....................................................................

Disassembly

....................................................................

...................................................................

Marketability

....................................................................

....................................................................

Trend Forecast

....................................................................

....................................................................

Task: Product Analysis

Get your favourite t-shirt and analyse it focusing on;

material, components, fit for purpose

You must explain why all these points are important for the end use of the product.

E.G materials—cotton -lightweight, soft, durable, easy care.

Components Fit for purpose

Materials

Spring/ summer 2011

How does trend forecasts in-

form and aid designers?

.............................................................

.............................................................

.............................................................

............................................................

............................................................

............................................................

How can ICT/CAD be used to

help with research and predicted trends?

.............................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................................

Using one of the trend forecast boards, design an outfit which will fit with the predicted

trends.

Surface decoration—Dyeing and printing techniques are not the only ways to add

colour and pattern onto fabric.

Task: using the internet find an example of each technique on a textile product. Give a

very brief description of how the techniques are applied and give an advantage and disad-

vantage for each.

Hand embroidery Method:

Advantage Disadvantage

Machine embroidery Method:

Advantage Disadvantage

Appliqué Method:

Advantage Disadvantage

Beading/ sequins Method:

Advantage Disadvantage

Screen printing Method:

Advantage Disadvantage

Block printing Method:

Advantage Disadvantage

Patchwork Method:

Advantage Disadvantage

Silk painting Method:

Advantage Disadvantage

Manipulation of fabric

Fabric can be manipulated for fit and shape but also to add a decorative look to the product.

Task: find examples of the following manipulation techniques used as decoration

Pleating Darts

Gathers Heat setting

Textured effect : Distressed (brushing, shredding, fraying, stone washing) Method:

Advantage Disadvantage

There might be a 'process' question in this section – it could be about anything

e.g. a decorative process (see appliqué instructions on the left), or it could be

about how to do a particular type of seam, or how to hem the bottom of a pair of

trousers.

TIP:

If you are asked to

name a decorative

technique and de-

scribe how to do it,

appliqué is a good

one to choose as it

has a lot of clear

steps you can easily

Task:

Write out the process for machine embroidery—don‘t forget the embroidery hoop

and stitch and tear backing.

Write out the process for tie—dye - don‘t forget to wash the fabric first!!

**Hint**

Sketches will help you visualise the correct order!

Finishes can be applied to fibres, yarns, fabrics or completed product. The finishes can be either

chemical or physical.

Finishes are used to improve the way the fabric; The look The feel The wear

Physical Finishes Brushing raises the fibres when the fabric is passed between a series of wire rollers which

brush the fabric forming a pile. This gives a soft and fluffy surface to the fabric.

Possible application: Fleece, bedding

Fabrics it can be applied to: Cotton, wool, polyester, and polyamide

Calendering is the opposite of brushing. Fabrics are passes between heated rollers which give a

smooth finish to the fabrics

Fabrics it can be applied to: cotton, wool

Chemical Finishes Waterproofing- silicones are applied to the fabric by spraying or impregnation. This forms

a barrier to prevent water droplets from soaking into the fabric. Stain resistance finish works in

similar way.

Possible application: umbrellas, tents, waterproofs

Fabrics it can be applied to: All fabrics

Flame proofing – chemicals are applied to the yarns or fabric which slow down or prevents

burning. The fabric will be stiffer.

Possible application: furnishings

Fabrics it can be applied to: cotton, linen, rayon

Mercerizing – Cotton is place in sodium hydroxide solution. This makes the fibres swell, become

more absorbent, and shiny.

Possible application: clothing – dresses, shirts

Fabrics it can be applied to: cotton

Easy care – chemicals are applied to fabrics to make them easier to wash, dry and iron. They

crease less and do not shrink.

Possible application: easy care suit

Fabrics it can be applied to: Cotton and viscose

Question: Describe what finishes would be most suitable for the following products:

ACROSS

4. This is another name for a physical finish and

is the first of two methods of applying a finish

5. mechanical finish - a relief print pressed into

a fabric changing its surface texture as well as

giving it a patterned appearance.

6. Chemicals are applied to the yarn or fabric.

This prevents the fabric from easily igniting.

DOWN

1. This is a method of applying a finish

2. mechanical finish - raises the fibres when the

fabric is passed between a series of wire rollers

3. mechanical finish - it is the opposite to

brushing. Fabrics are passes between heated

rollers which give a smooth finish to the fabric

Quality assurance is a system of checks and inspections to ensure high standards throughout

design and manufacture. QA involves quality control checks which take place a critical control

points.

Materials – processes – staff training need to be considered – health and safety.

Quality Assurance

Quality Control

Typical Critical Control points in Textile manufacture

•Raw materials are tested to make sure they are the correct width, colour, weight and fibre

content.

Depending on the product end-use, the fabric may be tested for strength, durability, crease-

resistance, stretch, shrinkage or water repellency.

•Prototype This is a mock-up of the product used to trial a design or pattern, see how materi-

als and components behave, work out costs, and test fitness-for-purpose in everyday

use.

•Production During production there will be checks for stitch and seam strength, and seam

allowances are tested to check if they meet the tolerance stated in the manufacturing

specification.

Final product. This is inspected for size and fit, and to see if the 'look' of the product meets

the specification.

Quality of design refers to how attractive a product is to its target market, how well chosen its

materials and components are, and how easy the product is to manufacture and maintain.

Quality of manufacture has a more specific meaning. Well-made textile products (ones with a high

quality of manufacture) will have the following characteristics:

they use materials that are suitable for the end-use

they match the product specifications

they meet performance requirements

they are manufactured by safe production methods

they are made within budget limits

they sell at an attractive price, and

they are safe for the environment

Quality Control are a set of tests or inspections done at critical points during manufacture of

a product – this helps ensure a customer is satisfied with a product

QC is carried out during the manufacture of components and products to check:

Answer the following questions from BBC bite size

When evaluating the manufacturing quality of the product, you don't

need to examine the seam allowance, stitching or fastenings: true or false?

True

False

The quality assurance [QA] system uses quality control to test and monitor the qual-

ity, accuracy and fitness for purpose of the product from the design stage right

through to manufacture. Which of the following are involved in the QA system?

Manufacturing specifications

Work schedules

Prototypes

Sealed samples

All of the above

The final product is inspected for which of the following?

Size and fit

Quantity and fit

Size and amount

Quantity and amount

Name some quality control check for the material of this chil-

dren‘s dress.

Name some quality control checks which could take place during

manufacture of the dress.

*Using you class books and revision guides, fill in the missing words and find them in the grid above.*

......................................... Limit the fraying of fabric. (13 letters)

This is a domestic knitting machine, know as a ............................ Knitting machine ( 7 letters)

................................... Are used to finish off seams and hems of garments. The ......................... Trims the fabric

as it sews the seam. ( 9 letters)

This is used in the textile industry for precision cutting. It is reliant upon the skill of the cutter to pre-

vent mistakes. ..................................( 7 letters)

A design can be made on the computer using CAD. It can then be either transferred onto paper and trans-

fer printed ( sublimation printing) or printed directly onto the fabric................................................... ( 14 let-

ters **hint** ends in printer)

There are two main categories of these, hand and machine............., ( 7 letters)

Woven fabric is created on a ................................( 11 letters)

Transfer prints are created using a .................................................. ( 9 letters)

These are used to temporarily hold fabric together ............ ( 4 letters)

An ................................... Machine is used in industry to create patterns, motifs and to personalise products with writ-

ten script and numbers. It is an example of CAD/CAM. ( 10 letters)

A .....................knitting machine produces fabric in a tubular shape. It can be split along the length and opened up to

make use of the whole width of fabric. Socks, t-shirts and stockings can all be manufactured using this method of

knitting. ( 9 letters)

These can be used for pressing and steaming, also for heat setting dyes and fabric paint...........( 4 letters)

There are different types of ................................. Automatic means operation is carried out by machine. Semi automatic

means to assist the operator or fully automatic to complete the task independently. (13 letters)

All textile products have to be labelled. The in-

formation has a range of information to inform the customer. These include the

product‘s care, safety, quality standard, size, fibre content and country of origin

( where it came from).

The three main categories for labelling are;

Care labelling

Quality and safety labelling

Eco-labelling

Care labelling— must be included so that the customer can care for the product cor-

rectly.

Quality and safety labelling Products care tested for safety and

quality so the consumer can be con-

fident in the product they are buy-

ing.

The tests are carried out by either

the British standards institute or

to achieve the European Safety

standard . The y test the product

but also the manufacturing process.

Manufactures have to pay for these

tests but if their product passes

they can fix the quality label to

their product.

Eco-labelling Eco labels can be awarded if a

product uses an eco-friendly

system to produce the product

or if the product is made from

recycled, sustainable, organic

and natural dye sources

Task: find out what the name and meaning of the following labels:

What are smart materials?

Smart materials are materials that have one or more

properties that can be significantly altered in a

controlled fashion by external stimuli.

(the environment around them)

Examples include stress, temperature, moisture,

pH, electric or magnetic fields. Burton Snowboards wanted to develop a system

to make it easier for snowboarders to listen to

music (on a personal stereo) while boarding.

They approached Softswitch Ltd to develop a

electronic textile control pad for the Apple iPod

system, which could be integrated into the

sleeve of a Burton snowboarding jacket. The suc-

cessful development of this wearable electronic

system, involving the use of electrically conduc-

tive polymers, yarns and fabrics was named as

one of Time Magazine's Coolest Inventions.

Made of soft, washable fabric, woven with optical and

electrical fibres into it, the ‗Smart shirt‘ monitors the

wearer‘s heart rate, body temperature, respiration and

a host of other vital functions. The information can be

relayed wirelessly to doctors or personal trainers.

Future applications include shirts for parental use to

monitor babies and for military use to provide a

trapped soldier‘s exact location and give support units

exact information about wounds.

Microencapsulation

Scents and smells can be added to fibres that can be

released slowly – here‘s an example of a child‘s toy

that has been fused with Chocolate scent. More

scent is released when heat or fric-

Thermochromic dyes – change

colour when heated up.

Photochromic dyes – the ability to change colour when exposed to

sunlight. These dyes generate a reversible colour

change under the sunlight or ultra vio- let (UV)

light.

Interactive textiles incorporates elec-

tronics that are reactivated by a power

source. They are still smart fabrics—they

just require power!!

Solvation chromism has been

developed mainly for disposable non-

woven textiles where a fabric changes

colour when wet. E.G babies nappies.

Reflective textiles—

used to enhance safety in

cycling and for pedestrians

out walking at night, and

Kevlar is a versatile material which is strong, tough, stiff, high-melting and well suited for uses such as radial tyres, heat- or flame-resistant

fabrics, and bullet-proof clothing

Neoprene – is a man made fabric, used for wet-suits and other water sports attire. Has a stiff, body hugging quality that seals body

heat in for protection

Polartec – made from recycled Polyester (plastic drinks bot-tles). Its light-weight and breathable

Modern materials are those that are

developed through the invention of new or

improved processes. They are not naturally

occurring, they are altered to perform a

particular job.

Gore-tex – is a bonded fabric that com-bined with other fabrics in thin layers pro-

vides exceptional properties including Wind/water proofing. It will also let the

skin breath so is ex-cellent for outdoor protective clothing!

Biomimetric—means imitating a living bio system. Stomatex fabric

keeps the wearer dry and comfortable during exercise.

Buoyancy and inflatable textiles—thermafloat for use in life

jackets, and in inflatable yarns in swimwear for children.

Phosphorescent textiles—are used in glow-in-the dark fashion.

Fibre optics—used in trainers for illuminated logos and fibre-optic

sensors are inserted in military garments to detect harmful

chemicals.

Nanotechnology in textiles—in the early stages and is being de-

veloped to improve performance of fabric through controlling par-

ticles in fibres. (www.nanotextiles.net)

Task: Draw a line from each product description to the smart materials.

Product description Smart technology

Printed t-shirt that changes colour when

the wearer gets hot.

Aloe Vera underwear for women that leave

the skin soft and moisturised.

Children‘s toy with a scratch

and sniff fabric that smells like a flower

Mosquito repellent clothing.

Ironing board cover that changes colour when in use.

Thermochromatic printing

Micro-encapsulated fabrics

Felt

Felt can come in many forms, from recycled wool from PET bottles to made the old

fashion ―wet felting‖ way by nomadic peoples in Central AsiaThe non-woven cloth is

made by matting, condensing and pressing organic fibres while they are wet. While

some types of felt are very soft, some are tough enough to use on construction ma-

terials such as a tar paper called roofing felt.

Recycled Polyester

PET stands for Poly Ethylene Terephthalate, a plas-

tic resin and a form of polyester. PET is a polymer

that is formed by combining two monomers called

modified ethylene glycol and Purified Terephthalic

Acid. PET is a popular package for food and non-

food products because it is inexpensive, lightweight,

resalable, shatter-resistant and recyclable. To

source the post consumer bottles, they are steril-

ized and then dried and crushed into tiny chips. The

chips are heated in a vat and forced through

spinnerets (as with virgin polyester) and then are

spun into yarn and dyed without toxic properties.

What can you make with the material? Every-

thing from carpets, bags and clothing to wall cov-

erings, furnishings and craft felt.

Organic Cotton

The Organic Trade Asso- ciation tells us organic cotton

grown by farmers worldwide increased 152 percent during the 2007-2008 crop year.

Organic cotton is grown without harmful toxic pesticides and synthetic fertilizers

meaning the farming methods and materials have a low impact on people and the en-

vironment. Production replenishes and maintains soil fertility to build biologically di-

verse agriculture. In terms of products, it is much easier to find now in upscale

and everyday clothing and underwear, stylish bedding, rugs, bags.

Soybean Fabric

Soy fabric is friendly and soft and similar to cashmere or silk in texture. It is found

in luxury items, such as these cushy robes from Eco Body wear, and scrumptious

baby rompers from Baby Soy USA. Soybean protein fibre is a sustainable and bo-

tanical textile fibre made from renewable and biodegradable natural resources – the

leftover soybean pulp from tofu and soy milk production.

Bamboo Fibre

The eco fibre option of choice, bamboo is

woven into everything from fashionable

dresses like those made by Spun in Seat-

tle and other respected labels, to towels,

totes and interior elements such as win-

dow treatments. This natural textile is

made from the pulp of the bamboo grass

and is best in the organic form –

pure and unbleached. It is a strong

fabric, considered more durable and

sustainable than conventional tex-

tile fibres.

Hemp

Hemp is grown without pesticides or fertilizers and

is rapidly replacing plastic-based materials for

clothing and home decor. A member of the Cannabis

Sativa plant family (don‘t worry, it won‘t get you

high – other than environmentally!), it yields 250%

more fibre than cotton per acre plus 500% more

pulp fibre than forest wood. Hemp dates back to

more than 10,000 years ago with a myriad of uses

such as paper making, cloth weaving and extracted

oils for medicinal products and skincare.

Tencel

It is a regenerated fibre made from the cellulose found in wood

pulp from sustainably grown and harvested tree, and the solvents and water used in proc-

essing are continually recycled.

Tencel is biodegradable, strong, soft, lightweight, drapes well and is breathable, this

makes it popular choice for sustainable fashion.

Tencel requires harsh chemicals to fix the dyes to the fabric

Cultural influences on consumer

choice

Some people in society may be re-

stricted to their choice of textile

products by religious beliefs and cus-

toms. For example Muslim women cover their head and body and wear longer styles of clothes

and head scarves.

Traditional clothing might be preferred by older generations but world communication means

younger generations are often influenced by the western world. However Oriental and African

textiles often inspire fashion trends.

Include:

the concerns over the way products are manufactured and the well-being and safety of the people who make the products.

Ensuring no exploiting of workers

Code of practice

Safety, comfort and well-being of people who come into contact with the product.

The way in which products are manufactured and sourced.

The safety, comfort and well-being of those who make/ come into contact with the designs/product

Ensuring right working conditions – code of practice

Reflecting on how technology affects the environment

Where the materials for products come from.

―On average every person in the UK throws away their own body weight in rubbish every seven weeks‖ (www.recyclenow.com/facts/index.html 26/09/07)

Rubbish today compared to pre-1960s rubbish, contains less biodegradable products than ever before.

―Over 70% of the world‘s population use second hand clothes.‖ (www.wasteonline.org.uk/resources/informationsheets/Textiles.htm28/09/07)

The Primark effect: Throwaway fashion that cannot be recycled now makes up 30 per cent of the waste

in council tipsdailymail.co.uk

Exposed: Primark's fashion sweatshops

that pay children just 60p a day (2008)

Important issues that form part of traditions and identity. How products affect the quality of lives within different cultures. How traditional skills and cultural knowledge impact on modern products.

The use and knowledge of traditional skills

Tesco accused over padded bra for 7-year-

olds

Social responsibility means ensuring that our own

and other people’s quality of life and human

rights are not compromised to fulfil our

demands.

When designing a product does it improve users quality of life?

Is it appropriate for society in which it would be used?

Does the product meet the needs of people today without limiting future generations?

Questions to consider when designing products!

When talking about social, moral, cultural and environmental issues they often overlap and

interlink and do not always fit under one category

E.G recycling is seen as an environmental issues, but it also has economic and social factors to consider. – the amount of energy used to recycle

When designing products you need to consider global society as this effects the designing and manufacturing of products.

The use of sustainable materials

minimising waste

sustainable sourcing of material

visual impact on environment from making a product.

The use of chemicals dangerous to the environment to manufacture products.

Carbon footprint

End of life disposal

Fairtrade is a non profit organisation which has internationally agreed standards for the sourcing, manufacture and costing of products to ensure companies and consumers are paying fairly to all workers throughout the process. They particularly help the poor and disadvantage workers who are often exploited.

ETI is an alliance of companies, trade union and voluntary organisations who work to improve the lives of workers across the globe.

Fibres

Fibres are tiny hair like structures. They can be either short (staple fibres) or long (filament

fibres). All fabrics come from fibres. On their own they are weak but when twisted into

yarns they take on different properties. There are three groups of fibres.

Yarns

Yarns are fibres that have been twisted into long lengths. They are spun in either an

anticlockwise (S twist) or clockwise (Z twist) direction.

Fabrics

Fabrics have all sorts of uses from clothing to automotive and engineering purposes. There

are four main types, knitted, woven, felted and bonded.

Linen

Silk

Cotton

Wool

Cool to wearVery absorbent, dries slowlySoft handleGood drapeDurableCreases easilyWash and iron

Warm to wearAbsorbent

Soft handleGood lustre and drape

DurableCreases drop out

Dry clean

Warm to wearAbsorbent, dries slowlyBreathable, repels rain

Soft or coarse handleCan shrink, dry clean

Good drapeNot durable

Creases drop out

Fresh and cool to wearVery absorbent, fast dryingStiffer handleGood drapeDurableCreases badlyWash and iron

Natural fibres and their properties

Fibre Fabric names

End use

Polyamide nylon, tactel strong, hard-wearing, good elasticity, thermoplastic,

does not decompose, melts as it burns.

Polyester polyester fleece, very strong, flame resistant, thermoplastic,

terylene does not decompose.

Acrylic courtelle, strong but weaker when wet, thermoplastic, shrinks

amicor from heat and burns slowly then melts

Elastane lycra very elastic, lightweight but still very strong.

Resists chemicals and biological damage

from perspiration. Very hard wearing.

Clothing, ropes, carpets and

rugs. Seat belts and sports

belting

Wide range of textile products

Knitwear and knitted jersey

fabrics. Toys, fake-fur prod-

ucts. Upholstery fabrics. Anti-

bacterial socks and sportswear.

Swimwear, sportswear

and clothing that may

require extra elasticity

such as jeans or fitted

blouses

Synthetic fibres and their properties

State whether the fibres below are animal, plant, regenerated or synthetic. Then find

them in the word search.

**To help with revision colour all animal fibres blue, plant fibres green, regenerated

purple and synthetic pink.**

Cotton Rayon Angora Viscose Linen

Alpaca Mohair Jute Polyester

Elastane Acrylic Cashmere Nylon Silk

Fibres, yarns and fabrics revision

…………….are fibres that have been twisted into long lengths. They are

spun in either an anticlockwise (S twist) or clockwise (Z twist) direction.

.....................are tiny hair like structures. They are either short fibres

called....................... or long fibres called ...................................

..................... are made from fibres and yarns. They have many different

uses from clothing to automotive and even medical.

The three groups of fibres, Natural, Synthetic, and Regenerated

Natural fibres come from ........................and plants.

Examples of animal fibres are; wool, mohair and silk

Examples of plant fibres are; cotton .and ...................

Synthetic fibres are made from the by-products of oil.

Examples of synthetic fibres are; nylon,

acrylic..................................................

Microfibres are extremely fine synthetic fibres. They are up to 60

times finer than human hair. It is often used in sports wear as it is 25%

lighter than cotton.

Regenerated fibres fibres that have been created artificially from pro-

teins or cellulose waste, for example wood pulp or cotton linter. They

are converted and reformed by wet-chemical processing that allows pro-

duction of continuous filaments that can be spun into a fibre.

Examples of regenerated fibres are; viscose and ...............

Knitting is a process of interlocking loops of yarn. Weft knitting is worked

horizontally. The loops above and below each row interlock, holding the

fabric together. Weft knitting - yarns are knitted in ............... rows. The loops hold

the fabric together by interlocking above and below each row.

Uses of weft knitting: nightwear, cardigans, sports and leisure wear which needs

stretch and movement

Advantages: good insulator as loop structure

traps air, available in a variety of weights

and hundreds of different stitches can be

used. Very stretchy

Disadvantages: single jersey fabric curls at

the edges making it difficult to work with.

Weft knits ladder if a thread is cut or

breaks.

Non-woven fabrics are made with raw fibres which haven‘t been

turned into yarns first. This can be done by; Treating with

chemicals to matt together, using heat to felt together or

stitched together in layers. Non-woven fabrics can be broken

down into 3 main groups; wool felts, needle felts, bonded fibres.

Weaving is a process where two yarns, the warp and the weft are woven together at right angles to each other.

It involves strong warp threads running the length of the loom with the weft threads being woven across using a shuttle. The way the warp and weft threads are woven produces different

patterns or weaves.

Warp knitting – Warp knitting has warp yarns which interlock ....................... along the

length of the fabric.

Warp knitting is an industrial process only

Advantages: keep shape well as not as

stretchy as weft knitting, does not easily lad-

der, fastest way to produce fabric once ma-

chine is set up

Disadvantage: Setting up warp knitting ma-

chine takes a very long time – not generally

used for ‗fashion fabrics‘

Disadvantages: they are not as strong as

other fabrics, they do not stretch or give

which means they can tear.

Advantages: depending on yarn and weave it

can be hardwearing. Twill is the hardest-

wearing weave

The yarns or threads that run horizontally across the fabric are

called ....................................

The yarns or threads running vertically are called ........................

Woven fabrics fray easily The closer the weave is together the stronger the

fabric is.

Name the following two weaves:

Task:

Write how the following

textile products have

been constructed

Select the most appropriate fabric for each one of the Textile products be-

low. Be prepared to explain why you have chosen your particular fabric.

Fabric reading cube

Choice of fabric

Explain your

choice

Advantages of

this fabric

Disadvantages of

this fabric

Choice of fabric

Explain your

choice

Advantages of

this fabric

Disadvantages of

this fabric

Designer Dress

Choice of fabric

Explain your

choice

Advantages of

this fabric

Disadvantages of

this fabric

Shopper Bag

Dyeing

Before dyeing and printing the fabric is prepared by

washing, bleaching and mercerising.

In industrial production fabric is dyed by continuous or batch dyeing:

In continuous dyeing, the fabric passes through a dye bath. The fabric is

then squeezed between rollers to spread the dye evenly and remove excess

dye. Continuous dyeing is used for colours that do not need to change too

quickly with fashion.

In batch dyeing, fabrics are produced without dye. They are then dyed to

order in large batches according to the colours required. Batch dyeing is used

for colours that need to change frequently with fashion.

Image shows a machine used for

screen printing in a factory.

Image shows a machine

used for rotary screen

printing in a factory.

The graphics show two dif-

ferent types of screen

printing..Industrial flat-

bed printing the fabric

moved through the ma-

chine on a conveyor belt

and the print repeating

rapidly. Rotary screen

printing uses CAD and

roller squeegees - one

roller for each colour; this

is a very fast process used

in the continuous printing

of furnishing and clothing

fabrics. (BBC Bitesize )

Computers are a great way of helping you design and manufacture a textile product. They

ensure accuracy in the finished product.

Computers can help in the researching, designing and manufacture of a textile product.

Researching and presenting a design

Internet- Researching retailers and designers to gather ideas for

your own product

Trend websites- These websites have information on which fabrics, shapes and colours are

in vogue

Digital cameras- Taking photographs of similar products

3D modelling- Using computer software to show your designs on a 3D

model.

Spreadsheets- can help with calculating the cost of fabric and components.

CAD (Computer aided design)

The advantages of using CAD allows you to make changes and adjustments to your design

without having to redraw, it is also really quick. Here a few ways in which this can be used;-

3D modelling software- this allows you to design a product in 3D, a visual prototype.

2D paint software- allows you to design logos and repeat patterns and experiment with dif-

ferent colours (colourways)

Scanners- allow you to scan fabrics which can be applied to a 3D model.

CAD- (Computer aided design) using computers to help design your product

CAM-(Computer aided manufacture) using machinery to help with the manufacture of textile products.

CAM (Computer aided manufacture)

CAM allows you to produce a product with a lot more speed and accuracy. Here a few ways

in which this can be used;-

Computerised sewing machines- a complicated logo or motif can be embroidered on to a

product.

Computerised fabric printers- computers can be used to produce large amounts of printed

fabric. For example automated screen printing, this ensures quality and accuracy.

Drawing patterns and layplans- computers allow you to adjust pat-

terns. Computers also plan the most economical way in which to lay

the pattern pieces on the fabric.

Laser cutters- Computers are used to con-

trol lasers which cut out fabric in multiple

layers. CNC technology

ADVANTAGES OF CAD/CAM

Large amounts of identical products can be manufactured quickly and accurately.

It is very accurate, which helps to ensure a high quality product.

Visual prototypes can be produced, giving the client a better idea of how your design will look.

Changes can be made quickly and easily to the design

It reduces time and labour costs.

DISADVANTAGES OF CAD/CAM

Computer virus can mean that work can be destroyed.

Workers require training in how to use CAD/CAM and this can be expensive.

The software is very expensive.

Disadvantages of CAD/CAM