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EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What...

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EXCAVATION What is excavation ? Marking a hole or tunnel by digging the ground by man or machine is called excavation hseinfoquiz.com
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Page 1: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

EXCAVATION What is excavation ? Marking a hole or tunnel by digging the ground by man or machine is called excavation

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Page 2: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Excavation hazard 1. Striking buried services / Underground

utilities.

2. Collapse / cave-ins.

3. Hazardous substances/Flammable & / or toxic gas release.

4. Lack of Oxygen or asphyxiation.

5. Flooding.

6. People or objects falling in.

7. Collapse of adjacent structures.

Page 3: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

such as pipelines and electrical cables, are a potential hazard during excavations.

Before any excavation can begin, you must call concern department .Utility operators will mark underground utilities to verify their location before you begin to excavate the worksite to prevent accidental damage.

Underground utilities,

Page 4: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Many excavation fatalities are because of cave-ins.

Cave-ins pose the greatest risk and are much more likely to result in worker fatalities than other excavation-related accidents.

cave-ins

Page 5: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Workers die when they cannot breathe because the weight of collapsed materials prevents their chest from expanding.

Chest constriction prevents your body from taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

Hazardous substances

Airways

Lungs

Diaphragm

Page 6: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

When oxygen deficiency or a hazardous atmosphere exists or could exist in an excavation greater that 4 ft. in depth, the atmosphere must be tested before workers enter.

Oxygen deficient atmospheres are atmospheres that contain less than 19.5% oxygen.

oxygen deficiency

Page 7: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Take precautions to prevent water from collecting in an excavation. This is done by designing:

Diversion ditches

Dikes

Pumps

Other ways to stop water from building up within an excavation

Flooding

Page 8: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Precautions

• Battering • Shoring • benching • Prevention of striking buried services • Excavation area should be suitable barricade • Good lighting • Avoid heavy vehicle coming near the sides • Issue permit before start the work • Ladders shall be provided every 7.5 meters (25 feet) of

lateral travel in the trench • Ladders shall be securely supported at the bottom as well

as at the top • Gas test by the competent person.

Page 9: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Requirement

Page 10: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Daily and before the start of each shift.

As dictated by the work

being done in the trench.

After every rain storm and

other events that could

increase hazards, e.g.,

snowstorm, windstorm,

thaw, earthquake, etc.

Inspections – Competent Person

Page 11: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Frequency of testing should be increased if equipment is operating in trench as well as if welding, cutting, or burning is done in trench.

Inspections

Page 12: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Walkways provided when crossing over excavation.

Standard guardrail

installed when more

than 6 feet above

a lower level.

Fall Protection

Page 13: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

What is shoring?

A structure that supports the sides of an excavation and protects against cave-ins.

What is Battering ?

The sides of the excavation can be sloped back (battered) at an angle that is sufficiently shallow that the soil will not slip.

What is Benching

Benching system means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating The sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually With vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels.

Page 14: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Timber Shoring

Page 15: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Aluminum Hydraulic

Page 16: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Trench Boxes

Page 17: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Pneumatic Systems

Page 18: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Type of excavation A. Manual Excavation: The excavation without using any powered

equipment.

B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical

What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation?

answer: A ladder must be present within 25feet, of employees working in excavation.

In open excavation – At least every 30m on the perimeter, if less than 1.2m deep.

At every 7.5m on the perimeter, if more than 1.2m deep.

Page 19: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Stable rock Type A

Classify the soil type:

Type B Type C

Page 20: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Cohesive soil

Clay, or soil with a high clay content, which has cohesive strength

Does not crumble

Can be excavated with vertical side slopes

Plastic when moist

Hard to break up when dry

Definitions

Page 21: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Granular soil

Gravel, sand, or silt, with little or no clay content

No cohesive strength

Cannot be molded when moist

Crumbles easily when dry

Note: Some moist granular soils exhibit

apparent cohesion

Definitions

Page 22: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Unconfined compressive strength

Load per unit area at which a soil will fail in compression

Note: Estimated in the field by use of a pocket penetrometer, thumb penetration test, and other methods

Definitions

Page 23: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Soil slope

Page 24: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

• Roll into thread

• At least 2 inches in length

• Longer unbroken thread means more cohesive

Thread Test

Page 25: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

• Roll soil into a cigar shape

• Pinch between thumb and finger

• Longer ribbon means more cohesive

Ribbon Test

Page 26: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Thumb Penetration Test

Page 27: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Pocket Penetrometer

Page 28: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Access and egress

Excavation

Ramp, ladder or stairs required at 4 feet or deeper.

25 feet 25 feet

Page 29: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Test at 4 feet if suspected

Hazardous Atmospheres

• LEL

• Oxygen

• CO

• H2S

• Petroleum

• Other toxics

Page 30: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Personal protective equipment (PPE) that may be required depending on the type of work includes:

Hard hats

Protective footwear

Gloves

Safety glasses with sideshields

Hearing protection

Fall protection

PPE

Page 31: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Emergency rescue equipment must be readily available where hazardous atmospheric conditions exist or expected to develop during work.

• Breathing apparatus

• Safety harness and line

• Basket stretcher

Emergency Rescue Equipment

Page 32: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Emergency Rescue Equipment

Page 33: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

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Page 34: EXCAVATION · B. Mechanical Excavation: The excavation work using any electrical or mechanical What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation? answer:

Badshah

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