Executive MasterIntercultural Communication
Lugano 2009Modul Fleiner
Class 2:Shared Rule – Self Rule
Shared Rule Self RuleC
on
stitutio
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Basic Elements of Federalism
Shared Rule Principle
Main Issues:
Legitimacy:
Democracy
Representation
Equality
Federalism
EffectivenessCapacity to do the job
Federalism and Government byConsent
Governmental Systems
Parliamentary and Multicultural Society
Presidential and Multicultural Society
Directorial and Multicultural Society
Forms of Federal Executives and Legislatures in
Selected Federations (Watts)
Federation
Executive Legislature
Head of Government
Head Fe- deration
Bicameral unic. Leg.
Austr. Cabinet Prime Mini. Monarch Bicamer.
Austria Cabinet Chancellor El. Presid. Bicamer.
Belgi. Cabinet Prime Mini. Monarch Bicamer.
Canada Cabinet Prime. Mini. Monarch Bicamer.
Germa. Cabinet Chancellor Pres. El. Assembly
Bicamer.
Malays. Cabinet Prime.Min. Sel. Her. rulers
Bicamer.
Spain Cabinet Prime.Min. Monarch Bicamer.
CH Fixed termExec.Dire.
Rot. Pres. Rot. Pres. Bicamer.
US Sep. Pres. Congress
President Pres. Elected
Bicamer.
Variations in Selection, Composition and Powers of
Second Chambers S. Watts
Selection Composition Powers Role
App. By Fed. Gov. CA Mal.63% Seats
Equal Regio.Repr. CA
Absol VetoMediation US, CH
Legislature CH; US, AT AU MY
App. By F.Gv. Nom. Provinc.
Equ. St. Re. AU, US,CH
Abs. Veto f. some Leg.
Legis.; int. Gvt Rel ZA
App. State Gov. GE
2 Cat. Of St. Repres. CH
Susp. Veto time ES MY
Interpret.Const. Ethi.
Ind. El. State legis. AT IN MY
Weighed. St. Repr. AU. IN.
Susp.Veto GE
Dir.El. Simpl. Plur. CH, US
Weighed St. Repr. IN, AT
Deadlock: joint Sitting
Dir. El. Prop. AU Ad.repr.for other IN,MY
Deadlock: Diss. Joint Sit.
Choice left to Cantons CH
Min. reg. repr. ES,BE
Money Bill Sus Veto IN,My
Mixed. BE.ES, MY
Repr. NationEhtiop.
Judic. Funct.Ethiop.
Self-Rule PrincipleAutonomy and Distribution of Powers
Problems:
Solidarity e.g. Belgium
Globalisation – Intergovernmental Relationship
Wealfare State, New Deal USA
Federal Spending power Common Law Continental Law
Foreign investment
Competition
Human Rights – Right to be equal
Devolution without shared Rule GB
Main Questions:
Purpose of Distribution
Who decides?
Concept and Technique of Distribution
Criteria‘s
What is distributed
Distribution to - Whom? - What entities? - Border-lines?
Asymmetric Distribution
Who decides
Constitution maker
Federal Legislature
Both
Court (US, EU)
Common Law: Family Law, Property Law, Contract, Criminal Law, Procedure, commercial law etc.
Purpose of Distributionand Criteria’s
LegitimacyDiversity
Efficiency
Democracy
Justice
Financial CapacityNeed for Coordination
Interest of the task limited to the region
Need for a uniform solution
Closeness to local population
Subsidiary Principle
Commerce Clause
Necessary and Proper Clause
Purpose Criteria’s Principles
Equality
What is distributed
Branches ofGovernment
Constitution MakingLegislationExecutionJudiciary
FinancialCompetences
Income:Taxes, Grants,Bonds, Loans
Expenditures
FinancialEqualisation
GovernmentalTasks
Foreign PolicyIncl. Defence
PoliceEducation, Cul-tureHealth, EnvironmentEconomy andDevelopment
Mineral Resource, Water etc.Public Services
Civil Law Common Law
Individual / col-lective rights
CommonLaw, Codi-fication Spending
PowerOpting out localdeviation
Techniques of Distribution
Exclusive
Parallel
Concurrent
General Clauses
Detailed Regulations
Concept Technique
Bottom up
Top Down
Parallel Distribution
Supremacy