Executive Summarye-lib.dede.go.th/mm-data/Bib15423ExecutiveSummary-Eng.pdf · 2015. 5. 14. ·...

Executive Summary

The Study of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor in the Energy Sector

Submitted to

Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency

by

Chiang Mai University

September 2014

Executive Summary The Study of the Greenhouse Gas emission Factors in the Energy Sector

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University i

Content Chapter Page Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 1.1 Rationale 1-1 Chapter 2 Project Method and planning detail 1-2 Chapter 3 Collect, Analyse and prepare statistic GHG report. 1-3 3.1 Introduction and importance of GHG inventory 1-3 3.2 Collecting GHG data in Energy sector of Thailand and reference country 1-3 3.2.1 Collecting GHG data in Energy sector of Thailand 1-4 3.2.2 Collecting GHG data in Energy sector of reference country 1-7 3.2.3 Collecting emission factor information 1-9 3.3 Preparing of GHG database for Thailand 1-10 3.3.1 Preparing result of summary and short summary table in GHG inventory 1-11 3.3.2 Preparing result of energy sector table in GHG inventory 1-19 Chapter 4 Fossil fuel analysis 1-26 4.1 Study result to analysis fossil fuel by standard method 1-27 4.2 Conclusion of fossil fuel analysis and emission factor calculation 1-27 Chapter 5 Meeting/Project conclusion seminar 1-35


………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University ii

Content of Table

Table page 1 Conclusion of energy consumption separated by sector and fuel type 1-6 2 Comparison of Thailand GHG data and chosen country 1-7 3 Comparison of GHG data between Thailand and selected countries 1-8 4 Emission factor from 2006 IPCC Guidelines 1-10 5 The details of preparing result GHG inventory Summary Table 1-12 6 The detail of preparing result GHG inventory Short Summary Table 1-17 7 Detail of preparing Energy Sectoral Table result 1-19 8 Fuel combustion activities table for sector 1A1-1A2 1-23 9 Fuel combustion activities table for sector 1A3-1A5 1-24 10 The summary result of Thailand GHG inventory 1-25 11 Results of NCV, Carbon content CO2 Emission factor of selected fossil fuels 1-28 12 GHG emission factor data from 2006 IPCC and calculated by this project’s fuel analysis data 1-31 13 The result comparison between this study and default value 1-32 14 Seminar survey results 1-35


………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University iii

Content of Figure Figure page 1 Road map to proceed project 1-2 2 Thailand energy balance (Supply and Demand side) 1-5 3 Conclusion of energy consumption, by sector and fuel type 1-9 4 Comparison of GHG data between Thailand and selected countries 1-7 5 Step to preparing GHG inventory 1-11 6 The summary result of Thailand GHG inventory 1-25 7 Step to analysis fossil fuel 1-26 8 Conclusion of fossil fuel analysis methodology from ASTM 1-27 9 Conclusion results of NCV of fossil fuel 1-28 10 Conclusion result of Carbon content of fossil fuel 1-29 11 Conclusion result of CO2 Emission factor of fossil fuel 1-29 12 Conclusion result of SO2 Emission factor of fossil fuel 1-30 13 CO2 Emission Factor comparison results 1-32 14 Carbon content comparison results 1-33 15 NCV comparison results 1-33


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Rationale

Thailand is one among other countries who concerned the importance of solving

climate change, hence Thailand have agreed to cooperate in solving climate change by ratifying the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on December 28th, 1994 and the Kyoto Protocol on August 28th, 2002. Thailand is not in Non Annex 1 country which has not in obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emission legal binding. However, Thailand can be able to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) which is the voluntary programme. This is a mechanism that allows developed countries in Annex 1 reaching the goal of limiting and reducing greenhouse gases emission. Moreover, developing countries can develop the greenhouse gas emission mitigation technology in the sustainable way.

Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy had published the annual reports which contain the data of greenhouse gas emission from energy sector by following the 1996 Revised IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories which is not up-to-date and different from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories. This may cause the comparability problem of the greenhouse gas inventory from energy sector compare to other countries.

Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University

1-1


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter 2

Project Method and planning detail For collect to precede project, we had to plan project methodology by separate into

three main parts, as shown in figure 1.

Figure 1 Road map to precede project

1. Collect, analyze and prepare statistical GHG inventory

1.1 Collect GHG information from energy sector of Thailand

1.2 Collect GHG information from energy sector of reference country

1.3 Prepare GHG inventory template for Thailand

1.4 Made a complete GHG inventory template

2. Fossil fuel analysis

2.1 Collect properties of Thailand fossil fuel

- Lignite/ import coal - NG/NGV - LPG

2.2 Studies the testing method from international standard

2.3 Analyze emission factor by statistic method

2.4 Compare calculated Emission factor with exsiting value

3. Meeting/Seminar

3.1 Guideline and method to seminar

3.2 Guideline and asssegment evaluation methodology

3.3 Analyze and seminar evaluation

3.4 Conclude seminar output

3.5 Conclude project

Project Method and planning


1-2


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter 3

Collect, Analyse and prepare the statistic GHG report. This chapter 3 presents detail about methodology and plan to precede project. In

part of statistic GHG report that related to Thailand GHG inventory for Thailand The preparing GHG inventory of Thailand can be separated to 3 main parts, as

follows; 3.1 Introduction and Importance greenhouse gas inventory. 3.2 Collecting energy data for Thailand 3.3 Preparing GHG database for Thailand

3.1 Introduction and Importance of the greenhouse gas inventory.

Thailand is the countries that take action to solve global warming and Climate Change problems bythe country has ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 28 December 1994 and has ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 28 August 2002. As a result to reduce GHG under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

From the history of Climate Change has begun from industrial evolution in 1980 decade. Therefore, to cooperate in the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) with World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to establish the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to analysis scientist data about Climate Change. Thailand also submitted the the first and second national communication included greenhouse gas inventory to UNFCCC in 1997 and 2010 , respectively. 3.2 Collecting energy data for Thailand Preparing of GHG database for Thailand is necessary to have energy consumption data to make GHG inventory. The major sources of energy consumption data are taken form Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency. By energy consumption would be separated by fuel show as

3.2.1 Collecting energy data for Thailand 3.2.2 Collecting GHG data for Thailand and reference countries 3.2.3 Collecting Emission factor


1-3


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3.2.1 Collecting energy data for Thailand

The Study of the Greenhouse Gas emission Factor in Thai Energy Sector according to the TOR to prepare GHG inventory from fuel type as follows;

• Lignite

• Natural gas

• Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

The energy consumption of Thailand in Supply and demand side is the necessary data to preparing GHG inventory. The detail of Thailand energy balance as shown in figure 2

The conclusion of energy consumption separated by sector and fuel type as shown in table 1 and figure 3


1-4

Executive Summary

The Study of the Greenhouse Gas emission Factors in the Energy Sector …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


1-5

Figure 2 Thailand energy balance (Supply and Demand side)


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Table 1 Conclusion of energy consumption separated by sector and fuel type

Unit TJ 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Energy industry

LPG 0 0 0 0 0 0

NG 996,5571 988,3031 1,094,5461 882,872 942,105 975,710

Lignite 171,8131 165,6351 167,9391 179,6651 175,6871 176,664

Manufacturing

LPG 32,444 28,895 37,936 34,979 35,232 29,064

NG 105,417 97,360 91,581 103,223 121,658 111,059

Lignite 38,211 36,732 37,535 57,063 35,041 40,892

Residence and commercial

LPG 104,598 109,878 119,975 130,831 141,604 118,748

NG 0 0 42 84 84 42

Lignite 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transport

LPG 38,189 32,866 33,542 45,328 47,525 87,487

NG 27,588 53,151 67,367 85,886 93,985 114,438

Lignite 0 0 0 0 0 0

Others

LPG 127 84 84 127 127 84

NG 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lignite 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total

LPG 175,231 171,640 191,452 211,138 224,361 235,384

NG 1,058,478 1,095,015 1,203,356 1,072,066 1,157,832 1,201,250

Lignite 210,024 202,367 205,474 236,728 210,727 217,557 1Energy facts & figures, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand 2010

Figure 3 Conclusion of energy consumption, by sector and fuel type

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

LPG NG

Lign

ite LPG NG

Lign

ite LPG NG

Lign

ite LPG NG

Lign

ite LPG NG

Lign

ite

Energyindustrial

Manufacturing Residence andcommercial

Transport Others

TJ

Conclusion of energy consumption separated by sector and fuel type

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University 1-6


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3.2.2 Collecting GHG data for Thailand and reference country

For data collection, greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector and the data related to the greenhouse gas emissions from the production and consumption of energy for Thailand and comparison of GHG data with 3 other countries, as shown in table 2. Table 2 Comparison of Thailand GHG data and chosen country

Economic group Kyoto protocol UNFCCC report GHG inventory version Database

German Developed Country Annex-I National Inventory

- Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines - GPG-LULUCF - 2006 IPCC Guidelines - GPG (2000)

1990

Japan Developed Country Annex-I National Inventory

- Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines - GPG-LULUCF - 2006 IPCC Guidelines - GPG (2000)

1990

China Developing country Non Annex-I National

Communications - Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

2005

Indonesia Asian country Non Annex-I National

Communications

- Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines - 2006 IPCC Guidelines 2000

Thailand Asian country /

Developing country Non Annex-I

National Communications

- Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines 2000

Comparison of GHG data between Thailand and selected countries was shown in table 3 and figure 4



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Table 3 Comparison of GHG data between Thailand and selected countries GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK

CATEGORIES Country

Total National Emissions

and Removals Energy

Industrial Processes

Solvent and Other Product

Use Agriculture

Land Use ,Land-Use Change

and Forestry

Waste Others

Net CO2 (Gg)

German 807,118.16 743,425.60 53,126.23 1,506.05 9,060.28 NO

Japan 1,165,239.66 1,186,637.01 41,134.67 NA,NE 0.00 -75,444.81 12,912.79

China 5,554,040 5,404,310 568,600 0.00 -421,530 2660

Indonesia 1,055,677.30 247,522.25 40,342.41 NE 2,178.30 935,971.84 1,662.49 176,765.69

Thailand 157,857.2 149,914.6 16,059.3 0.0 -8,139.9 23.3 0.0

CH4 (Gg)

German 2,325.97 548.58 0.25 1,222.65 0.06 554.44

Japan 966.88 58.73 5.73 675.46 0.25 226.70

China 44,450 15,430 0 25,170 31 3820

Indonesia 11,256.59 1,436.89 104.44 2,419.06 2.68 7,293.52 NE

Thailand 2,801.50 413.9 6.4 1,977.0 10.4 393.8 0.0

N2O (Gg)

German 184.34 18.15 11.20 1.13 144.14 0.88 8.83

Japan 70.92 21.32 2.54 0.31 37.33 0.02 9.39

China 1270 130 110 940 0.2 90

Indonesia 91.42 10.45 0.43 NE 72.39 0.08 8.07 NE

Thailand 40.0 2.5 0.6 0.0 33.4 0.1 3.3 0.0

NOX (Gg)

German 1,288.32 1,087.35 88.48 NO 112.35 NE,NO 0.14

Japan 1,678.74 1,566.51 75.26 NE NA,NE,NO 0.06 36.90

China

Indonesia 85.66 NE NE 84.67 0.99 NE NE

Thailand 907.0 873.3 1.2 29.9 2.6 0.0 0.0

CO (Gg)

German 3,303.85 2,550.95 752.90 NO NA,NO NE,NO NA,NE,NO

Japan 2,409.04 2,311.32 IE,NE,NO NE 55.49 2.23 29.15

China

Indonesia 2,335.71 NE NE 2,294.68 41.04 NE NE

Thailand 5,624.4 4,773.00 6.3 754.1 91.0 0.0 0.0

NMVOC (Gg)

German 1,006.41 286.61 35.22 684.57 NA,NE,NO NE,NO 0.01

Japan 1,573.76 306.22 46.81 1,220.68 NE,NO IE,NA,NE,NO 0.05

China

Indonesia NE NE NE NE NE

Thailand 759.5 668.1 91.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

SO2 (Gg)

German 444.58 358.32 86.24 NO NO NE,NO 0.02

Japan 940.87 874.24 44.59 NE NO NA,NE 22.04

China

Indonesia NE NE NE NE

Thailand 618.8 605.7 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

NO: Not Occurring, NE: Not estimated, NA: Not Applicable, IE: Including Elsewhere, C: Confidential



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Figure 4 Comparison of GHG data between Thailand and selected countries.

From comparison of GHG data that found total CO2 emission of China was highest and the energy industryl sector was a highest CO2 emission in all countries. 3.2.3 Collecting Emission factor information

The Greenhouse gas emission factor (EF) is the important data for preparing GHG inventory. It can be collect from country specific and/or use IPCC default value when cannot be estimate the suitable value

The Emission factor from 2006 IPCC Guid9elines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories is presented in table 4

-1,000,000

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

China Japan Indonesia German Thailand

Net CO2

Gg

Others

Waste

Land Use,Land-Use Change and Forestry

Agriculture

Solvent andOther Product Use

IndustrialProcesses

Energy



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Table 4 Emission factor from 2006 IPCC Guidelines

3.3 Preparing GHG database for Thailand

The existing Thailand GHG intentory, in DEDE, is preparing by following 1996 Revised IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories. But in present day, the most updated GHG inventory is 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse gas Inventories. This project improve and update the 1996 GHG inventory database by DEDE into 2006 GHG inventory system.The step to preparing GHG inventory is shown in figure 5.

Default Lower Upper Default Lower Upper Default Lower Upper Default Lower Upper Default Lower UpperLPG 63,100 61,600 65,600 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 56,100 54,300 58,300 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 101,000 90,900 115,000 1.0 0.3 3.0 1.5 0.3 3.0 NA NA NA NA NA NABituminous 94,600 89,500 99,700 1.0 0.3 3.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NALPG 63,100 61,600 65,600 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 56,100 54,300 58,300 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 101,000 90,900 115,000 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.50 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NABituminous 94,600 89,500 99,700 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NALPG 63,100 61,600 65,600 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 56,100 54,300 58,300 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 101,000 90,900 115,000 300.0 100.0 900.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NABituminous 94,600 89,500 99,700 300.0 100.0 900.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NALPG 63,100 61,600 65,600 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 56,100 54,300 58,300 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 101,000 90,900 115,000 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.50 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NABituminous 94,600 89,500 99,700 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NALPG 63,100 61,600 65,600 62.0 NA NA 0.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NANG 56,100 54,300 58,300 92.0 50.0 1540.0 3.0 1.0 77.0 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABituminous NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NALPG 63,100 61,600 65,600 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 56,100 54,300 58,300 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 101,000 90,900 115,000 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.50 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NABituminous 94,600 89,500 99,700 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NALPG NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NANG NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NALignite NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABituminous NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NALPG 63,100 61,600 65,600 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 56,100 54,300 58,300 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 101,000 90,900 115,000 300.0 100.0 900.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NABituminous 94,600 89,500 99,700 300.0 100.0 900.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

MINING

AGRICULTURE

COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL

TRANSPORT

CONSTRUCTION

Energy Industial

MANUFACTURINGINDUSTRIES

RESIDENTIAL

EF (kg/TJ) CO2 CH4 N2O CO SO2



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Figure 5 Step to preparing GHG inventory

3.3.1 Preparing result of Summary table and Short Summary table in GHG inventory

The Summary Table and Short Summary Table of GHG inventory represent the detail of GHG inventory by sub-sector separated by all GHG types.

The detail of preparing result Summary Table and Short Summary Table is presented in table 5 and 6, respectively.

2006 Guideline

Short Summary

Table

Summary Table

1. ENERGY

2. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE

3. AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND OTHER LAND USE

4. WASTE

5. OTHER

1A Fuel Combustion Activities 1A1 Energy Industries

1A2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction

1A3 Transport

1A4 Other Sectors

1A5 Non-Specified



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Table 5 The details of preparing result GHG inventory Summary Table

Categories Net CO2 (1) (2) CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6

Other halogenated gases with CO2

equivalent conversion factors(3)

Other halogenated gases without CO2


NO2 CO NMVOCs SO2

(Gg) CO2 equivalents (Gg) (Gg) (Gg)

Total National Emissions and Removals

1 ENERGY 107,766 18.47 0.98 1,265

1A Fuel Combustion Activities 107,766 18.5 0.98 1,265

1A1 Energy Industries 76,270 1.25 0.51 1029.4

1A2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction 12,844 0.67 0.09 235.2

1A3 Transport 11,184 16.0 0.36 0

1A4 Other Sectors 7,467 0.59 0.01 0

1A5 Non-Specified 1B Fugitive Emissions from Fuels 1B1 Solid Fuels 1B2 Oil and Natural Gas 1B3 Other Emissions from Energy Production 1C Carbon Dioxide Transport and Storage 1C1 Transport of CO2 1C2 Injection and Storage 2 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE

2A Mineral Industry 2A1 Cement Production 2A2 Lime Production 2A3 Glass Production 2A4 Other Process Uses of Carbonates 2A5 Other (please specify) 2B Chemical Industry



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………






NO2 CO NMVOCs SO2


2B1 Ammonia Production 2B2 Nitric Acid Production 2B3 Adipic Acid Production 2B4 Caprolactam, Glyoxal and Glyoxylic Acid Production 2B5 Carbide Production 2B6 Titanium Dioxide Production 2B7 Soda Ash Production 2B8 Petrochemical and Carbon Black Production 2B9 Fluorochemical Production 2B10 Other (please specify) 2C Metal Industry 2C1 Iron and Steel Production 2C2 Ferroalloys Production 2C3 Aluminium Production 2C4 Magnesium Production 2C5 Lead Production 2C6 Zinc Production 2C7 Other (please specify) 2D Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use 2D1 Lubricant Use 2D2 Paraffin Wax Use 2D3 Solvent Use 2D4 Other (please specify) 2E Electronics Industry



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………






NO2 CO NMVOCs SO2


2E1 Integrated Circuit or Semiconductor 2E2 TFT Flat Panel Display 2E3 Photovoltaics 2E4 Heat Transfer Fluid 2E5 Other (please specify) 2F Product Uses as Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances

2F1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 2F2 Foam Blowing Agents 2F3 Fire Protection 2F4 Aerosols 2F5 Solvents 2F6 Other Applications 2G Other Product Manufacture and Use 2G1 Electrical Equipment 2G2 SF6 and PFCs from Other Product Uses 2G3 N2O from Product Uses 2G4 Other (please specify) 2H Other (please specify) 2H1 Pulp and Paper Industry 2H2 Food and Beverages Industry 2H3 Other (please specify) 3 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND OTHER LAND USE 3A Livestock 3A1 Enteric Fermentation



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………






NO2 CO NMVOCs SO2


3A2 Manure Management 3B Land 3B1 Forest Land 3B2 Cropland 3B3 Grassland 3B4 Wetlands 3B5 Settlements 3B6 Other Land 3C Aggregate Sources and Non-CO2 Emissions Sources on Land

3C1 Biomass Burning

3C2 Liming

3C3 Urea Application

3C4 Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Soils

3C5 Indirect N2O Emissions from Managed Soils

3C6 Indirect N2O Emissions from Manure Management

3C7 Rice Cultivations

3C8 Other (please specify)

3D Other

3D1 Harvested Wood Products

3D2 Other (please specify)

4 WASTE

4A Solid Waste Disposal

4B Biological Treatment of Solid Waste

4C Incineration and Open Burning of Waste



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………






NO2 CO NMVOCs SO2


4D Wastewater Treatment and Discharge

4E Other (please specify)

5 OTHER 5A Indirect N2O Emissions from the

Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen in NOx and NH3

5B Other (please specify)

Memo items (5)

International Bunkers

International Aviation (International Bunkers) International Water-borne Transport

(International Bunkers)

Multilateral Operations

(1) CO2 net emissions (emissions minus removals)

(2) Total amount of CO2 captured for long-term storage is to be reported separately for domestic storage and for export in the documentation box. (3) The other halogenated gases for which the CO2 equivalent conversion factor is not available should not be included in this column. Such gases should be reported in the column ‘Other halogenated gases without CO2 equivalent conversion factors’.

(4) When this column is used, gases should be listed separately (in IPPU Background Tables and Table 2.11) and the name of the gas should be given in the documentation box.

(5) Emissions that are not included in the national total should be reported as memo items.

* Cells to report emissions of NOx, CO, NMVOC and SO2 have not been shaded although the physical potential for emissions is lacking for some categories.

Documentation box:



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Table 6 The detail of preparing result GHG inventory Short Summary Table

Categories Net CO2

(1) (2) CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6





NOx CO NMVOCs SO2

(Gg) CO2 equivalents (Gg) (Gg) (Gg) Total National Emissions and Removals 1 ENERGY 107,766 18.5 0.98 1,265

1A Fuel Combustion Activities 107,766 18.5 0.98 1,265 1B Fugitive Emissions from Fuels 1C Carbon Dioxide Transport and Storage

2 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE 2A Mineral Industry 2B Chemical Industry 2C Metal Industry 2D Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent

Use 2E Electronics Industry 2F Product Uses as Substitutes for Ozone

Depleting Substances 2G Other Product Manufacture and Use 2H Other

3 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND OTHER LAND USE

3A Livestock 3B Land 3C Aggregate Sources and Non-CO2 Emissions

Sources on Land 3D Other

4 WASTE 4A Solid Waste Disposal 4B Biological Treatment of Solid Waste 4C Incineration and Open Burning of Waste 4D Wastewater Treatment and Discharge 4E Other (please specify)

5 OTHER 5A Indirect N2O emissions from the Atmospheric

Deposition of Nitrogen in NOx and NH3 5B Other (please specify)



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Categories Net CO2

(1) (2) CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6





NOx CO NMVOCs SO2

(Gg) CO2 equivalents (Gg) (Gg) (Gg) Memo items (5)

International Bunkers International Aviation (International Bunkers) International Water-borne Transport (International Bunkers) Multilateral Operations

(1) CO2 net emissions (emissions minus removals) (2) Total amount of CO2 captured for long-term storage is to be reported separately for domestic storage and for export in the documentation box. (3) The other halogenated gases for which the CO2 equivalent conversion factor is not available should not be included in this column. Such gases should be reported in the column ‘Other halogenated gases without CO2 equivalent conversion factors’. (4) When this column is used, gases should be listed separately (in IPPU Background Tables and Table 2.11) and the name of the gas should be given in the documentation box. (5) Emissions that are not included in the national total should be reported as memo items. * Cells to report emissions of NOx, CO, NMVOC and SO2 have not been shaded although the physical potential for emissions is lacking for some categories. Documentation box:



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3.3.2 Preparing result of Energy Sector Table in GHG inventory

Data that show in Summary table and Short summary table was collected from Energy Sectoral Table that separated calculation by fuel type and GHG type. The detail of preparing Energy Sectoral Table result is presented in table 7 Table 7 Detail of preparing Energy Sectoral Table result

Categories CO2 CH4 N2O NO2 CO NMVOCs SO2

(Gg)

1 ENERGY 107,766 18.5 0.98 1,265

1A Fuel Combustion Activities 107,766 18.5 0.98 1,265

1A1 Energy Industries 76,270 1.25 0.51 1,029

1A1 a Main Activity Electricity and Heat Production

1A1 ai Electricity Generation

1A1 aii Combined Heat and Power Generation (CHP)

1A1 aiii Heat Plants

1A1 b Petroleum Refining

1A1 c Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries

1A1 ci Manufacture of Solid Fuels

1A1 cii Other Energy Industries

1A2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction 12,844 0.67 0.094 235

1A2 a Iron and Steel

1A2 b Non-Ferrous Metals

1A2 c Chemicals

1A2 d Pulp, Paper and Print

1A2 e Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco

1A2 f Non-Metallic Minerals

1A2 g Transport Equipment

1A2 h Machinery

1A2 i Mining (excluding fuels) and Quarrying

1A2 j Wood and Wood Products

1A2 k Construction

1A2 l Textile and Leather

1A2 m Non-specified Industry

1A3 Transport 11,184 15.95 0.361 0

1A3 ai International Aviation (International Bunkers) (1)

1A3 aii Domestic Aviation 1A3 b Road Transportation 1A3 bi Cars 1A3 bi Passenger Cars with 3-way Catalysts 1A3 bi2 Passenger Cars without 3-way Catalysts 1A3 bii Light-duty Trucks 1A3 bii1 Light-duty Trucks with 3-way Catalysts 1A3 bii2 Light-duty Trucks without 3-way Catalysts



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


(Gg)

1A3 biii Heavy-duty Trucks and Buses 1A3 biv Motorcycles 1A3 bv Evaporative Emissions from Vehicles 1A3 bvi Urea-based Catalysts 1A3 c Railways 1A3 d Water-borne Navigation 1A3 di International Water-borne Navigation (International Bunkers) (1) 1A3 dii Domestic Water-borne Navigation 1A3 e Other Transportation 1A3 ei Pipeline Transport 1A3 eii Off-road

1A4 Other Sectors 7,467 0.59 0.01 -

1A4 a Commercial/Institutional 2,412 0.19 0.00 0

1A4 b Residential 5,050 0.40 0.01 0

1A4 c Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing/Fish Farms 5 0.00 0.00 0

1A4 ci Stationary

1A4 cii Off-road Vehicles and Other Machinery

1A4 ciii Fishing (mobile combustion)

1A5 Non-Specified

1A5 a Stationary

1A5 b Mobile

1A5 bi Mobile (aviation component)

1A5 bii Mobile (water-borne component)

1A5 biii Mobile (other)

1A5 c Multilateral Operations (1) (2)

1B Fugitive Emissions from Fuels

1B1 Solid Fuel

1B1 a Coal Mining and Handling

1B1 ai Underground Mines

1B1 ai1 Mining

1B1 ai2 Post-mining Seam Gas Emissions

1B1 ai3 Abandoned Underground Mines

1B1 ai4 Flaring of Drained Methane or Conversion of Methane to CO2

1B1 aii Surface Mines

1B1 aii1 Mining

1B1 aii2 Post-mining Seam Gas Emissions

1B1 b Uncontrolled Combustion, and Burning Coal Dumps

1B1 c Solid Fuel Transformation

1B2 Oil and Natural Gas

1B2 a Oil

1B2 ai Venting

1B2 aii Flaring

1B2 aiii All Other

1B2 aiii1 Exploration



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


(Gg)

1B2 aiii2 Production and Upgrading

1B2 aiii3 Transport

1B2 aiii4 Refining

1B2 aiii5 Distribution of Oil Products

1B2 aiii6 Others

1B2 b Natural Gas

1B2 bi Venting

1B2 bii Flaring

1B2 biii All Other

1B2 biii1 Exploration

1B2 biii2 Production

1B2 biii3 Processing

1B2 biii4 Transmission and Storage

1B2 biii5 Distribution

1B2 biii6 Others

1B3 Other Emissions from Energy Production

1C Carbon Dioxide Transport and Storage

1C1 Transport of CO2

1C1 a Pipelines

1C1 b Ships

1C1 c Other (Please specify)

1C2 Injection and Storage

1C2 a Injection

1C2 b Storage

Memo items (3)

International Bunkers

International Aviation (International Bunkers)

International Water-borne Transport (International Bunkers)

Multilateral Operations

Information items

CO2 from Biomass Combustion for Energy Production



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

From table 7, the results from Energy Sectoral Table was calculated from Fuel

combustion activities that separated by fuel types. The Fuel combustion activities table can

be separated to sub-sector 1A1-1A2 and 1A3-1A5, besed on 2006 GHG inventory by IPCC, as

shown in table 8 and 9, respectively



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Table 8 Fuel combustion activities table for sector 1A1-1A2

LPG Natural gas Lignite Bituminous CO2 CH4 N2O SO2 CO2 CH4 N2O SO2 CO2 CH4 N2O SO2 CO2 CH4 N2O SO2 CO2 CH4 N2O SO2

1A Fuel Combustion Activities 235,384 1,201,250 217,557 122,965 14,787 6.047 0.032 - 59,706 11.615 0.452 - 23,200 0.59 0.33 1,232 28,724 16.8 0.5 33.0 107,766 18.47 0.98 1,265

1A1 Energy Industries - 975,710 176,664 97,584 - - - - 48,496 0.976 0.098 - 18,839 0.18 0.26 1,000 8,935 0.10 0.15 29.3 76,270 1.25 0.51 1,029

1A1a Main Activity Electricity and Heat Production1A1ai Electricity Generation1A1aii Combined Heat and Power Generation (CHP)1A1aiii Heat Plants1A1b Petroleum Refining1A1c Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries1A1ci Manufacture of Solid Fuels1A1cii Other Energy Industries1A2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction

29,064 111,059 40,892 12,420 1,826 0.029 0.003 - 5,520 0.111 0.011 - 4,361 0.41 0.06 231 1,137 0.12 0.02 3.7 12,844 0.67 0.09 235

1A2a Iron and Steel1A2b Non-Ferrous Metals1A2c Chemicals1A2d Pulp, Paper and Print1A2e Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco1A2f Non-Metallic Minerals1A2g Transport Equipment1A2h Machinery1A2i Mining and Quarrying1A2j Wood and Wood Products1A2k Construction1A2l Textile and Leather1A2m Non-specified Industry

TotalEmissions (Gg)

Categories LPG LigniteNatural gas BituminousActivity (TJ)

Documentation box:



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Table 9 Fuel combustion activities table for sector 1A3-1A5

LPG Natural gas Lignite Bituminous CO2 CH4 N2O SO2 CO2 CH4 N2O SO2 CO2 CH4 N2O SO2 CO2 CH4 N2O SO2 CO2 CH4 NO2 SO2

1A3 Transport 87,487 114,439 - - 5,496 5.424 0.017 - 5,688 10.53 0.34 - - - - - - - - - 11,184 15.95 0.36 -

1A3a Civil Aviation1A3ai International Aviation (International Bunkers) (2)1A3aii Domestic Aviation1A3b Road Transportation1A3bi Cars1A3bi1 Passenger Cars with 3-way catalysts1A3bi2 Passenger Cars without 3-way Catalysts1A3bii Light-duty Trucks1A3bii1 Light-duty Trucks with 3-way Catalysts1A3bii2 Light-duty Trucks without 3-way Catalysts1A3biii Heavy-duty Trucks and Buses1A3biv Motorcycles1A3bv Evaporative Emissions from Vehicles1A3bvi Urea based Catalyst (3)1A3c Railways1A3d Water-borne Navigation1A3di International Water-borne Navigation (International Bunkers) (2)1A3dii Domestic Water-borne Transport1A3e Other Transportation1A3ei Pipeline Transport1A3eii Off-road1A4 Other Sectors 118,832 42.2 - - 7,465 0.594 0.012 - 2.10 0.0 0.0 - - - - - - - - - 7,467 0.594 0.012 -

1A4a Commercial/Institutional 38,358 42.2 - - 2,410 0.192 0.004 - 2.10 0.0 0.0 - - - - - - - - - 2,412 0.192 0.004 -

1A4b Residential 80,390 - - - 5,050 0.402 0.008 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,050 0.402 0.008 -

14Ac Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing/Fish Farms

84.5 - - - 5.3 4.2E-04 8.4E-06 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.31 4.2E-04 8.4E-06 -

1A4ci Stationary1A4cii Off-road Vehicles and Other Machinery1A4ciii Fishing (mobile combustion)1A5 Non-Specified1A5a Stationary1A5b Mobile1A5bi Mobile (aviation component)1A5bii Mobile (water-borne component)1A5biii Mobile (other)1A5c Multilateral OperationMemo items (4)International BunkersInternational Aviation (International Bunkers)International Water-borne Transport (International Bunkers)Multilateral Operations (5)

Totalemissions

LPG Natural gas LigniteCategories

(1) Although peat is not strictly speaking a fossil fuel, the CO2 emissions from combustion of peat are

Emissions (Gg)BituminousActivity (TJ)



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

From table 9, due to the activity data did not focus in sub sector energy data level, hence this project can calculate only major activity data because of not have minor activity data in Thailand energy statistic system. The summary results of Thailand GHG inventory in 2006 IPCC Guideline by using the year 2013 energy consumption database can be conclude in table 10 and figure 6. Table 10 The summary result of Thailand GHG inventory

Sector

Energy Consumption

Emission (Gg)

TJ CO2 CH4 NO2 SO2

Energy Industries 1,152,374 76,270.38 1.25 0.51 1,029.41 Manufacturing Industries and Construction 181,015 12,843.77 0.67 0.09 235.22 Transport 201,926 11,184.18 15.95 0.36 0.00 Other Sectors 118,875 7,467.47 0.59 0.01 0.00 Total 1,654,191 107,765.81 18.47 0.98 1,264.63

Figure 6 The summary result of Thailand GHG inventory

From the summary result of Thailand GHG inventory can be concluded that the

highest GHG emission is CO2. It emitted around 93.4% of total GHG emission. The Energy industry is the highest proportion of GHG emission sector due to it consume around 30.3% of total energy consumption compare to all sectors.

TJ



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter 4

Fossil fuel analysis This chapter presents the results of fossil fuel analysis, include of the standard

method for analysis fossil fuel study. The study process presents in figure 7

Figure 7 Step to analysis fossil fuel

Energy consumption convertion factor Activity data

Fossil fuel analysis data - Lignite ( Prince of Songkla University and

Chiangmai University) - LPG (ERDI)

Fossil fuel properties data - Lignite (Maemoh power plant) - Natural gas or NG (PTT Co. Ltd)

compare

GHG inventory 2006 IPCC format/template

IPCC Default Emission Factor (Thailand referred IPCC Default EF)

Emission Factor Calculation compare



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4.1 Study result to analysis fossil fuel by Standard Method The fossil fuel normally consists of basic substance such as Carbon (C ), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N) and Sulful (S). This subtitle is show the substance analysis method and Net calorific value analysis method by following American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) that can be conclusion as figure 8.

Figure 8 Conclusion of fossil fuel analysis methodology from ASTM

4.2 Conclusion of fossil fuel analysis and Emission factor calculation From the fossil fuel properties collecting data and result analysis to find out the NCV, Carbon content and CO2 Emission factor of selected fossil fuel, can be conclude in table 11 and figure 9 to 12.



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Table 11 Results of NCV, Carbon content and CO2 Emission factor of selected fossil fuels.

Mean Upper Lower

Lignite

NCV (TJ/Gg) 10.1 10.2 10.1 Carbon content (kg/GJ) 29.1 29.2 28.9

CO2 EF (kg/TJ) 106,637 107,263 106,011 SO2 EF (kg/TJ) 5,661 5,707 5,614

LPG


CO2 EF (kg/TJ) 62,822 62,991 62,654 SO2 EF (kg/TJ) - - -

NG


CO2 EF (kg/TJ) 49,703 49,705 49,701 SO2 EF (kg/TJ) - - -

Figure 9 Conclusion results of NCV of fossil fuel

05

101520253035404550

Lignite LPG NG

TJ/G

g

Conclusion result of NCV fossil fuel



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Figure 10 Conclusion result of Carbon content of fossil fuel

Figure 11 Conclusion result of CO2 Emission factor of fossil fuel

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Lignite LPG NG

kg/G

J

Conclusion result of Carbon content of fossil fuel

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Lignite LPG NG

kg/T

J

Conclusion result of CO2 Emission factor of fossil fuel



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Figure 12 Conclusion result of SO2 Emission factor of fossil fuel

From the figures above, we found that carbon content is directily and same proportion with CO2 emission factor. The lignite has highest carbon content compared with other fuel in this study, which causes the highest CO2 EF from lignite. Lignite is also the only fuel in this study that found surfur substance that can be calculated into SO2 emission factor while we cannot calculate SO2 EF from other fossil fuel due to the inavailabiltiy of sulfue content in other fuels. After collecting GHG emission factor data by using the 2006 IPCC and calculated by using the fuel analysis data from this study. The updated emission factor can be concluded as shown in table 12.

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Lignite LPG NG

kg/T

J

Conclusion result of SO2 Emission factor of fossil fuel



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Table 12 GHG emission factor data from 2006 IPCC and calculated by this project’s fuel analysis data

Underline : 2006 IPCC Guideline defualt NA : Not applicable

Default Lower Upper Default Lower Upper Default Lower Upper Default Lower Upper Default Lower UpperLPG 62,823 62,991 62,654 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 49,703 49,705 49,701 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 106,638 107,264 106,012 1.0 0.3 3.0 1.5 0.3 3.0 NA NA NA 5,661 5,707 5,614 Bituminous 91,566 NA NA 1.0 0.3 3.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA 300.4 NA NALPG 62,823 62,991 62,654 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 49,703 49,705 49,701 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 106,638 107,264 106,012 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.50 5.0 NA NA NA 5,661 5,707 5,614 Bituminous 91,566 NA NA 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA 300.4 NA NALPG 62,823 62,991 62,654 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 49,703 49,705 49,701 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 106,638 107,264 106,012 300.0 100.0 900.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA 5,661 5,707 5,614 Bituminous 91,566 NA NA 300.0 100.0 900.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA 300.4 NA NALPG 62,823 62,991 62,654 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 49,703 49,705 49,701 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 106,638 107,264 106,012 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.50 5.0 NA NA NA 5,661 5,707 5,614 Bituminous 91,566 NA NA 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA 300.4 NA NALPG 62,823 62,991 62,654 62.0 NA NA 0.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NANG 49,703 49,705 49,701 92.0 50.0 1540.0 3.0 1.0 77.0 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABituminous 91,566 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 300.4 NA NALPG 62,823 62,991 62,654 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 49,703 49,705 49,701 1.0 0.3 3.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 106,638 107,264 106,012 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.50 5.0 NA NA NA 5,661 5,707 5,614 Bituminous 91,566 NA NA 10.0 3.0 30.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA 300.4 NA NALPG 62,823 62,991 62,654 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NANG 49,703 49,705 49,701 5.0 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.03 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NALignite 106,638 107,264 106,012 300.0 100.0 900.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA 5,661 5,707 5,614 Bituminous 91,566 NA NA 300.0 100.0 900.0 1.5 0.5 5.0 NA NA NA 300.4 NA NA

AGRICULTURE

Energy Industial

MANUFACTURING

INDUSTRIES

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL

TRANSPORT

CONSTRUCTION

EF (kg/TJ) CO2 CH4 N2O CO SO2



…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

For the results of fossil fuel analysis data compare with default fossil fuel data from IPCC, we can conclude the significant issues as follows;

- Carbon contant and CO2 Emission factor which reported in Thailand’s Second National Communication under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change was descripted that applied the default CO2 EF by using the 1996 IPCC Guideline. Hence, this study used the 1996 IPCC Guideline to compare with this study of fossil fuel analysis data

- Net calorific value (NCV) default data of this comparing are reported by 2013 Thailand Energy statistic publisehed by the Depertment of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy to compare the LHV that can measure from this study in selected fuels.

The details of result comparison show in table 13 and figure 13 to 15.

Table 13 The result comparison between this study and default value.

CO2 EF (kg/TJ) Carbon content (kg/GJ) NCV (TJ/Gg)

Calculation 1996 IPCC Calculation 1996 IPCC Calculation Thailand

energy data

Lignite 106,637 63,100 29.1 27.6 10.1 10.47 LPG 62,822 56,100 17.9 17.2 44.2 49.30 NG 49,703 101,000 13.6 15.3 44.5 52.46

Figure 13 CO2 Emission Factor comparison results

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Calculating 1996 IPCC

kg/T

J

CO2 Emission Factor comparison result

Lignite

LPG

NG


1-32


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Figure 14 Carbon content comparison results

Figure 15 NCV comparison results

We can conclude the significant issues from the results comparison between analysis data and Thailand default data, as follows; Lignite fuel

- The CO2 EF of this study analysis is greater than Thailand’s default fiure at about 5.3% which would affect to CO2 emission of this study would directly increase in the same energy consumption.

- Carbon content of this study greater than Thailand’s default data at about 5.2% which would affect to CO2 emission of this study would directly increase in the same energy consumption.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Calculating 1996 IPCC

kg/G

J

Carbon content comparison result

Lignite

LPG

NG

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Calculating Thailandenergy data

TJ/G

g

NCV comparison result

Lignite

NG

NG


1-33


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

- NCV of this study is less than Thailand’s default data at about 3.2% which affect to the CO2 emission of this study would directly increase in the same energy consumption.

LPG fuel

- The CO2 EF of this study analysis is less than Thailand’s default data at about 0.4% which would affect to CO2 emission of this study would directly decrease in the same energy consumption.

- Carbon content of this study is greater than Thailand’s default data at 3.9% which would affect to CO2 emission of this study would directly increase in the same energy consumption.

- NCV of this study is less than Thailand’s default data at 10.3% which would affect to CO2 emission of this study would directly increase in the same energy consumption.

Natural Gas fuel

- The CO2 EF of this study analysis is less than Thailand’s default data about 11.4% which would affect to CO2 emission of this study would directly decrease in the same energy consumption.

- Carbon content of this study is less than Thailand’s default data 11.1% which would affect to CO2 emission of this study would directly decrease in the same energy consumption.

- NCV of this study is less than Thailand’s default data 15.1% which would affect to CO2 emission of this study would directly increase in the same energy consumption.

The study can be concluded the results of NCV, Carbon content and CO2 Emission

factor from this project reflect in the hgher GHG emission from energy sector compared to the defaulted value with more accuracy by using the ASTM methodlogy and treat the study data into the 2006 IPCC Guideline template.


1-34


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter 5 Project dissemination

This chapter conclude the meetings and project’s seminar. The seminar had invited various institutions and/or persons who are working related to energy and environment field. The conclusion of the seminar evaluation are as follows;.

Suggestion of seminar: After finishedproject’s result presentation, some of seminar’s participants have some

suggestion by,

• The lignite’s net calorific value (NCV) should to analysis with the As-receive basis.

• Oxidation factor default value should be 1 for exactly calculating.

• LPG properties testing should to prepare other country sample for recheck Thailand testing value.

Evaluation result: The most of survey result are satisfying seminar that can be concluding statistic result as “GOOD”. A detail of survey result as show in table 14.

Table 14 Seminar survey results

Evaluation Avrge SD Opinion

1. Content of the siminar exactly to propose 4.12 0.53 Good 2. Usefulness of seminar 3.84 0.59 High/good 3. Duration time arrangement 4.08 0.67 High/good 4. Seminar concept 4.14 0.54 High/good 5. Seminar handout quality 4.22 0.55 High 6. Speaker quality 4.43 0.50 High 7. Media quality 4.08 0.53 High 8. Semiar location 4.02 0.72 High 9. Seminar room quality 3.96 0.82 High 10. Seminar lunch and coffe break quality 3.86 0.65 High 11. Overall evaluation 4.24 0.52 High

Mean 4.08 0.63 High Point level Opinion

4.5-5 Excellent 3.5-4.5 Highฝเนนก 2.5-3.5 Medium 1.5-2.5 Low

-1.5 Very low


1-35

Date post:	24-Sep-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	0 times
Download:	0 times

Executive Summarye-lib.dede.go.th/mm-data/Bib15423ExecutiveSummary-Eng.pdf · 2015. 5. 14. ·...

Documents