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Exercise 2:Simulating the environment with a

Winogradsky Column

Group 3Draheim, Kristella M.

Estrella, Brian NicoleGarcia, Kristine Micah LuisaGuillermo, Linette4BIO3

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Introduction

Figure 1. Portrait of Sergei

Winogradsky (1856-1953)

Source:

tt!s:""en.#iki!edia.org"#iki"Sergei$Winogr 

adsky

The Winogradsky column is aselfcontaine! ecos"stem #herein a

$ra!ient is forme! as a result of thecomple% interaction of micro&es #ith their en'ironment.

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Introduction

 Aerobic (oxygen rich) zone

(. photos"nthetic c"ano&acteria an! al$ae

). sulfuro%i!i*in$ &acteria  Beggiatoa  an!Thiobacillus

3. +urple nonsulfur &acteria

 Anaerobic zone

(. sulfatere!ucin$ &acteria such as Desulfovibrio

). ano%ic phototrophs purple sulfur

 &acteria an! $reen sulfur &acteria

3. fermentati'e heterotrophs such asClostridium 

Bottom - )- interacts #ith metals formin$ metal

sulfi!es

Figure %. Winogradsky co&u'n gradient

source: https://web.viu.ca/mhernand/

mydiagrams/winogradsky_column.htm

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ResultsTa&le (. O&ser'ation #ith co'er on

Observations Week 0 Week 1 Week

 

 Week !  Week " Week #

O!ors none foul

pon! #ater

smell

 

+on! #ater

smell

 

-tron$ pon!

 #ater smell

 

+un$ent o!or

olor of the soil Gra"ish &ro#n &lac/ $ra" to &lac/ 

 

Gra" to &lac/ 

 

Gra" to &lac/ 

Green, pin/

an! $ra" 

on!ensation on

plastic co'er None minimal

 0ater e'i!ent

on the co'er

1 plastic 2

1 'er" moist 2

 

Man" 

 

minimal

 

man" 

rust formin$ in

the &ottle None None

 isi&le $reen

matter onthe surface

1 mi$ht &e

al$ae 2

 

Lesser $reen

clumps

 

Green matter

on the e!$e

 

 0hite an!

$reen clumps

5ilm on the

surface of the

 #ater

lumps of

e$$s none

-urface has

clumps

 0hite clumps

 #ith $reen

matter

 

 0hite an!

 &lac/ clumps

 0hite &lac/

an! $reen

clumps

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Ta&le ). O&ser'ation #ith co'er off 

Observations Week 0 Week 1 Week

O!ors 6rotten e$$7 o!or se#a$e o!or se#a$e o!or

olor of the soil Li$ht $ra" Li$ht $ra"  

Mi%ture of li$ht $ra"

an! &ro#n

on!ensation on plastic

co'er None olorless, 'er" moist

olorless, fe#er than

pre'ious #ee/ 

rust formin$ in the

 &ottle None Green crust

Green crust8 thic/er

than pre'ious #ee/

5ilm on the surface ofthe #ater None

 0hite lumps an! &lac/film

Blac/, re!, an! #hite

film #ith a fe# &u&&les

Macroscopic or$anisms None mol!s mol!s

Results

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Results Week 0

-smo (9:mL

clmo 9::mL

+icture &" Garcia 1):(;2

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Ta&le ). O&ser'ation #ith co'er off 

Observations Week 0 Week 1 Week

O!ors 6rotten e$$7 o!or se#a$e o!or se#a$e o!or

olor of the soil Li$ht $ra" Li$ht $ra"  

Mi%ture of li$ht $ra"

an! &ro#n

on!ensation on plastic

co'er None olorless, 'er" moist

olorless, fe#er than

pre'ious #ee/ 

rust formin$ in the

 &ottle None Green crust

Green crust8 thic/er

than pre'ious #ee/

5ilm on the surface ofthe #ater None

 0hite lumps an! &lac/film

Blac/, re!, an! #hite

film #ith a fe# &u&&les

Macroscopic or$anisms None mol!s mol!s

Results

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Results

 Week 1

a. olor of the soil c. on!ensation onplastic co'er

 &. rust an! filmformin$

!. Microor$anisms1aero&ic2

+ictures an! 'i!eo ta/en &" Garcia 1):(;2

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Ta&le ). O&ser'ation #ith co'er off 

Observations Week 0 Week 1 Week

O!ors 6rotten e$$7 o!or se#a$e o!or se#a$e o!or

olor of the soil Li$ht $ra" Li$ht $ra"  

Mi%ture of li$ht $ra"

an! &ro#n

on!ensation on

plastic co'er None olorless, 'er" moist

olorless, fe#er than

pre'ious #ee/ 

rust formin$ in the

 &ottle None Green crust

Green crust8 thic/er

than pre'ious #ee/

5ilm on the surface ofthe #ater None

 0hite lumps an! &lac/film

Blac/, re!, an! #hite

film #ith a fe# &u&&les

Macroscopic

or$anisms None mol!s mol!s

Results

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Results

 Week

c. on!ensation onplastic co'er

a. olor of the soil  &. rust an! filmformin$

!. Microor$anisms1aero&ic2

+ictures an! 'i!eos ta/en &" Garcia 1):(;2

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Ta&le ). O&ser'ation #ith co'er off 

Observations  Week !  Week " Week #

O!ors

 

Intense stench 5aint stench -e#a$e o!or

olor of the soil

 Mi%ture of li$ht $ra"

an! re!

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Results

 Week !

c. on!ensation onplastic co'er

a. olor of the soil  &. rust an! filmformin$

!. Microor$anisms1aero&ic2

+ictures an! 'i!eos ta/en &" Garcia 1):(;2

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Ta&le ). O&ser'ation #ith co'er off 

Results

Observations  Week !  Week " Week #

O!ors

 

Intense stench 5aint stench -e#a$e o!or

olor of the soil

 Mi%ture of li$ht $ra"

an! re!

re!

Mi%ture of re! an!

 &lac/ 

on!ensation on plastic

co'er

 olorless, fe#er than

pre'ious #ee/s5e#er than pre'ious

 #ee/8 colorless

-ame amount as 0ee/

4

rust formin$ in the

 &ottle

 Green an! #hite

crusts5e#er than pre'ious

 #ee/8 $reen an! #hite

Green an! #hite

crusts

5ilm on the surface of

the #ater

 Blac/, re!, an! #hitefilm #ith a fe# &u&&les Thinner than pre'ious

 #ee/ an! co'ers the

surface partl" onl"8

 #hite

 0hite clumps, re! an!

$reen film8 sprea!

o'er the surface of

 #ater, an! thic/er

than pre'ious #ee/ 

Macroscopic or$anisms mol!s none Mol!s

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Results

 Week "

c. on!ensation onplastic co'er

a. olor of the soil  &. rust an! filmformin$

!. Microor$anisms1aero&ic2

+ictures an! 'i!eos ta/en &" Garcia 1):(;2

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Ta&le ). O&ser'ation #ith co'er off 

Results

Observations  Week !  Week " Week #

O!ors

 

Intense stench 5aint stench -e#a$e o!or

olor of the soil

 Mi%ture of li$ht $ra"

an! re!

re!

Mi%ture of re! an!

 &lac/ 

on!ensation on plastic

co'er

 olorless, fe#er than

pre'ious #ee/s5e#er than pre'ious

 #ee/8 colorless

-ame amount as 0ee/

4

rust formin$ in the

 &ottle

 Green an! #hite

crusts5e#er than pre'ious

 #ee/8 $reen an! #hite

Green an! #hite

crusts

5ilm on the surface of

the #ater

 Blac/, re!, an! #hitefilm #ith a fe# &u&&les Thinner than pre'ious

 #ee/ an! co'ers the

surface partl" onl"8

 #hite

 0hite clumps, re! an!$reen film8 sprea!

o'er the surface of

 #ater, an! thic/er

than pre'ious #ee/ 

Macroscopic or$anisms mol!s none Mol!s

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Results

 Week #

c. on!ensation onplastic co'er

a. olor of the soil  &. rust an! filmformin$

!. Microor$anisms1aero&ic2

+ictures an! 'i!eos ta/en &" Garcia 1):(;2

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Results

The colors $reen, #hite an! re!=&ro#n #ere o&ser'e!correspon!in$ to the proliferation of eu/ar"al al$ae, cyanobacteria,or thiobacilli, an! sulfur o%i!i*in$ &acteria in the aero&ic *one.

O%"$enic photos"nthesis an! respiration is also e'i!ent in theareo&ic *one.

 

 >s for the anaero&ic *one, the color re! #as o&ser'e! su$$estin$ thepresence of purple sulfur &acteria, an ano%ic phototroph. Blac/ color #as also o&ser'e! at the &ottom of the column in!icatin$ metalsulfi!es correspon!in$ to the presence of )- pro!uce! &" sulfate

re!ucers.

Gas, in the form of &u&&les, in the anaero&ic *one can &e 4 from

methano$ensis.

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Conclusion

In the e%periment, the 0ino$ra!s/" column!emonstrate! meta&olic acti'ities of !i'ersemicroor$anisms in response to !ifferent

en'ironmental con!itions. The column #ase%pose! to sunli$ht #ithout co'er for ; #ee/s,$i'in$ #a" to proliferation of microor$anisms in!istinct *ones #here the en'ironmental

con!itions fa'or their specific acti'ities.