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Chapter 3
Section 3
World History
Mrs. Deborah Thompson
Exile and ReturnThe Jews continued their religion during exile in Babylon.
BabylonianExile
The Jews were forced to live in a foreign land.
Jews met on
Sabbath.
Jews prayedand discussedtheir religion
Synagogues formed to
give the people hope.
Jews rebuilt Jerusalemand the temple.
Leaders became Temple priests
& scribes
Cyrus appointed officialsTo rule the country and Collect taxes from the
People.The P
ersia
ns defe
ated th
e Chald
eans and
under C
yrus
let t
he Jews
go back
to Ju
dah in 5
38 B.C
.
Cyrus the GreatCyrus the Great
580 – 529 B. C. 580 – 529 B. C.
A tolerant ruler he let cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions.
The Jews called him “the anointed of the Lord.”
(In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine).
A tolerant ruler he let cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions.
The Jews called him “the anointed of the Lord.”
(In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine).
The Persian EmpireThe Persian Empire
The TorahUnder scribe Ezra, the
five books to the Torah were written on parchment pieces sewn together to make long scrolls.
Hebrew Bible has the 5 books of the Torah and 34 other books of Jewish history.
Stories like Noah and the arc, tower of Babel to explain many languages
Jerusalem: Studying the Torah
Jerusalem: Studying the Torah
The TorahJews look to the future
Parts contain prophecies for peaceful future.
Ex. Daniel
Daniel lived in Babylon and advised king. When he would not worship Babylonian gods, he was thrown into Lion’s Den
Jew’s always reminded of God’s protection and plan.
Isaiah ScrollIsaiah Scroll
Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek world and regained control of Judah.
334 B.C.:Alex the Great
Began conquest ofKnown world.
331 B.C.:Alexander defeated
Persians and gained
Control of Judah.Alex let them stay
there but
forced Greek culture
and beliefs
on them.
Meaning
Greek for “scattered”
Who Jews outside of Judah
WhereMany parts of the world
What
Jews learned Greek but stayed loyal to Judaism (copied Hebrew Bible to Greek)
The Jewish Diaspora
The Jewish Diaspora
Antiochus made Jews
worship Greek gods
Drove Greeks out of Judah
Cleansed temple by
destroying Greek
gods
Judas Maccabeus
rebelled
He and followers fled to form army
known as Maccabees
Each year, Jews recall the cleansing of temple when they celebrate Hanukkah.
Priests from Maccabeus’s family ruled Judah and took over land that had been part of the Kingdom of Israel.
“FESTIVAL OF LIGHTS”
CELEBRATE IN DECEMBER
Jewish Way of Life Religion shaped the Jewish way of life.
Jewish laws became important when they no longer had their own land and king.
Family Life
Jewish Diet
http://www.jmberlin.de/ksl/infoblatt/koscher/koscher_EN.php
Jewish Clothing
Sons carried nameFathers taught sons how to work and worship
Elders taught TorahMothers taught girls to be good wives and mothers
Girls learned diet laws and about courageous women
Only certain animalsOnly beef and lamb – NO PORK!!
KASHRUT – laws about foodJews only eat kosher.*****
No dairy with meat
Law forbade mixing fabricsMen wore tunics of linen and cloaks
Caps (yarmulkes) and sandalsWomen wore simple dresses and covered head
http://www.kashrut.com/articles/soul_food/
Jews and the Romans Under Roman rule, Under Roman rule,
Jews were divided and Jews were divided and rebellious. Romans rebellious. Romans
destroyed the temple destroyed the temple and exiled the Jews.and exiled the Jews.
Romans:
Conquered Judah in
63 B.C.
RenamedThe areaJudaea
At first Allowed Jewish Rulers to run
Judaea
Herod the Great’s Kingdom
Herod the Great’s Kingdom
BEST KNOWN FOR:
1. Cruelty and changes to
temple.
2. King of Judaea when Jesus was
born.
Herod the Great’s Kingdom
Herod the Great’s Kingdom AFTER
HEROD’S DEATH:
1. Romans replaced Jewish king with a Roman governer.
2. Jewish factions formed splitting up power.
Jewishfactions
Pharisees
* taught Torah and howTo apply to daily life
* in synagogues* supported by Common people
Sadducees
•Believed Torah Applies to priests
in temple•Most were priests
And scribes
Essenes•Broke from temple
To live in desert•Praying and waiting
For God’s deliverance
Dead Sea Scrolls Museum in IsraelDead Sea Scrolls Museum in Israel •Dead Sea Scrolls were
found in 1947
• Were probably written by Essenes
The Essene Community at Qumran
The Essene Community at Qumran
The Essene Ruins at Qumran
The Essene Ruins at Qumran
The Essene Community at Qumran
The Essene Community at Qumran
The Jewish Revolts (66-70 A.D.)
The Jewish Revolts (66-70 A.D.)
Messiah – a deliverer sent by God
Zealots – Jews that wanted to fight Romans for their freedom.
JEWISH REVOLTS
A.D. 66Zealots drove
Romans outBut were
ConqueredAgain 4 years
Later.
Romans killedJews and
Destroyed Temple.
A.D. 132 another revolt
Put down
Romans droveJews from
Jerusalem and Renamed Judah
Palestine.
Masada: Never Again!
Masada: Never Again!
Roman Encampment
Roman Encampment
Jews then had rabbis to be teachers of the Torah.
Johanan ben Zakkai – a famous rabbi
1. After A.D. 70, he made sure study of the Torah continue.
2. Founded school in Palestine that became center of Torah studies for centuries.
Rabbis combined teachings about Torah and the Torah into book called Talmud
2000 years – most Jews lived outside Palestine.
1948 – nation of Israel
created.