ExoP

lane

t Exp

lora

tion

Prog

ram

Exoplanet Exploration Program (ExEP)& ASMCS Summary

2009 Pathways towards habitable planetsSeptember 18, 2009

M. Devirian, Program ManagerWes Traub, Program Chief Scientist

http://exep.jpl.nasa.gov

ExoP

lane

t Exp

lora

tion

Prog

ram

Navigator Program Prime Objective

Exoplanet Exploration Program (ExEP) – Navigator Program Renamed & Rescoped

• Large mission concepts (TPF-C/I/O, etc.) are long range targets for technology development

• Near-term focus on medium strategic missions with competed science – 2012 earliest call

• SIM-Lite in formulation under review by Astro2010, NRC Decadal Survey– Mike Shao, Project Scientist

• Kepler moves into ExEP post-commissioning– Bill Borucki, Science PI

• NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI) (formerly Michelson Science Center) – Chas Beichman, Executive Director

September 18, 2009 22009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

ExoP

lane

t Exp

lora

tion

Prog

ram

Additional ExEP elements• New: Exoplanet Supporting Research & Technology

– NExScI science activities (data access/archives, fellowships, etc)– Technology for Advanced Strategic Mission Concept Studies 08-09– Technology testbed support competed technology efforts starting 2010– Peter Lawson, Science & Technology Architect for ExEP– Marie Levine, Technology Infrastructure Manager

• Ground Observatories:– Keck Interferometer completing selected key science (exozodi)

• Rachel Akeson, Project Scientist– Future time through NASA Keck TAC (77 proposals for 2010A)– LBTI instrument to be completed; key science operation after LBTO on

sky• Phil Hinz, PI

• On-going community engagement: – Exoplanet Science Forum and Exoplanet Program Analysis

Group (ExoPAG)– Jim Kasting, Chairman

September 18, 2009 32009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

ExoP

lane

t Exp

lora

tion

Prog

ram

SR&T – Science Support• NASA Exoplanet Science Institute

(NExScI – former Michelson Science Center)

– Sagan Program: 5 new post-doctoral fellows and a summer workshop each year.

– Allocate NASA/Keck time and PI data awards– Support/host Exoplanet-related conferences

and workshops.– Science Tools & Operations

• Keck Observatory – Keck Interferometer– Archive: HIRES & NIRSPEC

• Kepler Science Analysis System• NASA Star and Exoplanet Database (NSTED)• US Data Node for CoRoT Mission• SIM-Lite or future ExoPlanet Mission

September 18, 2009 42009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

Michelson Summer Workshop Class of 2007Michelson Summer Workshop Class of 2007

Leadership:Charles Beichman Executive DirectorShri Kulkarni Science DirectorRachel Akeson Deputy Director

David A. Imel Project Manager

Leadership:Charles Beichman Executive DirectorShri Kulkarni Science DirectorRachel Akeson Deputy Director

David A. Imel Project Manager

ExoP

lane

t Exp

lora

tion

Prog

ram

SR&T – Technology Program• Technology program started under TPF – to enable the future

– Achieved near-flight-level performance in key starlight suppression technologies: both VIS (coronagraphs) and IR (nulling interferometers)

– Achieved significant milestones in precision formation flying for IR interferometer (TPF-I/Darwin)

– Support to ASMCS PIs in 2008-9 to advance concept maturity– Results from program referenced in a number of papers in this

conference• Forward plan provides for broad combined effort

– Program-developed testbeds & directed technology– Competed participation including non-NASA and NASA PIs through

Technology Demonstrations for Exoplanet Missions (TDEM) call • 5 – 10 new awards per year• ~$5M over 2 years for each solicitation• Coordination website: http://exep.jpl.nasa.gov/exep_roses09.cfm• First round of proposals submitted, fund January 2010

September 18, 2009 52009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

ExoP

lane

t Exp

lora

tion

Prog

ram

Coming Opportunities to Participate

• Sagan Fellowship applications November 2009

• Kepler GO Proposals due January 2010

• Double-blind imaging study teams

• Medium Strategic Mission Science Solicitation – 2012 expected

September 18, 2009 62009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

ExoP

lane

t Exp

lora

tion

Prog

ram

ExEP Level 1 Schedule

September 18, 2009 72009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

Annual Technology call

Keck calls (only 2009 shown)

LBTI on the horizon

Notional future mission schedule

ExoP

lane

t Exp

lora

tion

Prog

ram

September 18, 2009 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

Summary of ASMCS Special Session

Actively-Corrected Coronagraph for Exoplanet System Studies; PI: John Trauger (JPL)Probe class

New Worlds Observer; PI: Webster Cash (U of Colorado)Flagship class

8

Planet Hunter; PI: Geoff Marcy (UC Berkeley)Probe class

Extrasolar Planetary Imaging Coronagraph; PI: Mark Clampin (NASA GSFC)Probe class

Pupil-Mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer PI: Olivier Guyon (U of Arizona)Probe class

Dilute Aperture Visible Nulling Coronagraph Imager PI: Michael Shao (JPL)Flagship class

THEIA: Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/ Intergalactic Astronomyr; PI: David Spergel (Princeton) Flagship

Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Spce Telescope (ATLAST); PI: Marc Postman (STScI)Flagship class

CREDIT: STScI & NGST

Probes (<$1B) Flagships (>$1B)

THEIA: Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Intergalactic/Galactic Astronomy

• eXoPlanet Characterizer (XPC)• Detect Earthlike Planets in Habitable Zone• Characterize from 250-1000 nm• Star Formation Camera (SFC)• Census of Star Forming Regions• Survey nearby galaxies from 190-1075 nm• Panchromatic survey of cosmological Targets• UltraViolet Spectrograph (UVS)• Cosmic web spectroscopy• Galactic Interfaces• Star Formation• Planetary Transits

• 4 meter, on-axis telescope• 5 year nominal mission length + 5 year extended• Fit onto Atlas V launch Vehicle

(two launch vehicles for telescope and occulter)• Existing spacecraft hardware

Science Instruments

Uses a 40 m external occulter operating at two distances for two wavelength bands for planet detection and characterization

• At η⊕=1, THEIA detects over 30 Earth-like planets

• THEIA characterizes almost 20 of them over the full spectral band, getting Ozone, Oxygen, CO2 and Water

• THEIA has enough repeat detections on five of them to characterize their orbits

• Because of the multiple distances, THEIA saves enough fuel to go an extra 5 years

Flagship

The New Worlds ObserverW. Cash, University of Colorado, PI

• An External Occulter about 50m in diameter is flown 80,000km from telescope along line of sight to star. Starlight is suppressed, but planet light passes unimpeded as close as 60mas from the star.

• Study showed Starshades can be implemented quickly and are affordable.

September 18, 200910

Starshade

Concept works with any telescope – including JWST

Simulation of Solar System Imaged with JWST Simulation of Earth spectrum taken with large UVOIR observatory

Flagship

Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space TelescopeAdvanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope

Earth

Telescope Aperture#FG

K S

tars

Obs

erva

ble

in <

500

ksec ATLAST has the sensitivity and the angular resolution

to characterize ~100 or more Potentially Habitable Worlds in 5 years:• IWA < 60 mas at 500 nm, • 10-sigma limit: <0.6 nJy in 100 ksec @ R=5• SNR=10 R=100 spectra of O2 features in <100 ksec

Multiple architectures explored, capable of using multiple starlight suppression methods.Enables breakthroughs in both exoplanet and general astrophysics research.

ATLAST Starshade Sim

UVOIR Flagship Mission for the 2025 Era

8-m

9-m

Wavelength (microns)

R=500 Spectra of Earth Twinwith ATLAST

Ref

lect

ivit

yFlagship

Dilute Aperture Visible Nulling Coronagraphic Imager (DAViNCI), M. Shao

© 2008 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.

Science of an 8m coronagraph at the cost of a 2.5m telescope, (TeamX cost 1.2B)

IWA = 38mas @800nm, (Equiv 8m @ 2/D)0.5um to 1.7um converage (25%BW at a time)

Search up to ~150 stars for Earths @1AUCan measure orbits of planets, with images of the exoplanetary system at many (10~20 epochs, not just once), measure, not just guess that the planet is in the HZ.

Nulling coronagraph architecture compatible with, filled, segmented and dilute apertures.

Segmented MEMsDM, amp/phasecontrolDAViNCI

Flagship

September 18, 2009 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

13

Probe

Simulated VNC Image: Our solar system viewed at 10 pc

ExtraSolar Imaging Planetary Coronagraph (EPIC)

EPIC will image and characterize extrasolar giant planets and their environments

EPIC’s discovery space is enabled by its ≤2λ/D inner working angle: ~55 RV planets would be available for detection and characterization

ASMC Study: - Science case, planets within IWA, dust

disks - Systems level understanding - EPIC/VNC modeling & performance

assesment - VNC STOP analysis & wavefront control - Costing at GSFC IDC & JPL Team-XSeptember 18, 2009 142009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

Probe

PEC

O Pu

pil

map

pin

g E

xop

lanet

Coro

nag

rap

h O

bse

rver

Univ. of Arizona Ames Research Center

Pupil mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer (PECO)

• 1.4-m diameter off-axis telescope, 3 yr mission

• drift-away heliocentric orbit for maximum stability

• High efficiency wavefront control to maintain high contrast

• 0.4 – 0.9 micron spectral coverage / R~20, polarimetric imaging

• Instrument & coronagraph are optimized for maximum sensitivity

• PECO instrument design also applicable to larger telescope diameters.

Lossless apodization (PIAA) with aspheric optics allows 2 l/D inner working angle with full throughput, making optimal use of PECO’s 1.4m diameter telescope

Habitable planetsPECO can detect Super-Earths in the habitable zone of the 22 most favorable stars, and Earths for the 9 most favorable targets (SNR=5 at R=5 in <12h exposure)Exo-zodi mappingPECO has sub-zodi sensitivity in the habitable zone of >20 starsGiant planetsHigh SNR R=20 spectroscopy and polarimetry

Simulation of 24 hr of PECO data showing an Earth-like planet (a=0.2) around Tau Ceti with 1 zodi of exododi dust in a uniform density disk inclined 59 degrees. This is a simulation of λ= 550 nm light in a 100 nm bandpass PECO (1.4-m aperture). Photon noise and 16 electrons total detector noise for an electron multiplying CCD have been added.

More info on PECO:http://caao.as.arizona.edu/PECO/

PECO Technology PECO Science

September 18, 2009 152009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

Probe

ExoP

lane

t Exp

lora

tion

Prog

ram

Program Manager’s observations

• TPF–C and Darwin/TPF–I also remain viable flagship candidates.

• Many additional (arguably) Probe-class concepts (THESIS, FKSI, TRESS, ASTrO, Occulter for JWST,…).

• No obvious “best” architecture for near-term Probe (capability vs. risk).– Many good ones– Some nearly ready (TRL 5-6)

• “Quick model-based costing” for novel architectures is unreliable; deep-penetration cost estimation requires significant resources and expertise; this poses risk for agency planning.

• Exoplanets must be an international effort.September 18, 2009 162009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

ExoP

lane

t Exp

lora

tion

Prog

ram

September 18, 2009 172009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian

THANK YOUTo the local organizers and Barcelona supporters for a wonderfully organized

scientific conference!

http://exep.jpl.nasa.gov

NASA’s Exoplanet Exploration Program