EXPANDED EDUCATION FOR THE PAPERLESS SOCIETYby NAM JUNE PAIK

GREAT THINKERS

It is a blunder, bordering on a miracle, that we have no, orvery few, images and voices of the great thinkers of therecent past on record, especially as the l6mm talkie wasreadily available. For instance we have hardly a record ofHusserl, Freud, Proust, Joyce, Kandinsky, Berdyaev,Merlau-Ponti, Suzuki, Gide, Thomas Mann, Schoenberg,Varese, Bartok, Mondrian, Dilthey, Wittgenstein, Shaw,Valery, Jung, Keynes, Buber-even Nietzsche and Tolstoylived well into the film age, as did Thomas Edison himself.This negative wonder is the biggest waste of instructionalresources, if we recall how much footage of late-late-showmovie and Hitler newsreel was filmed. Therefore, nothing ismore urgent and successproof than to film the images andvoices of aging great thinkers of today, and yesterday, insufficient and surplus quantity, who might pass away anyday, such as Marcel Duchamp, Jaspers, Heidegger, GabrielMarcel, Ortega Y Gasset, Lucasc, Toynbee, Radaklishnan,Ernst Bloch, Niebuhr, Puller, Sartre and Russell. Theinterviewer should be a qualified philosopher himself and thecamera crew as minimal as possible, so that Jaspers orHeidegger can talk as naturally as "Chelsea Girls" . A11 NBC orNET-style expensive film technique is not only unnecessary,but may be harmful for this subject.

PHILOSOPHY

America has 5,000 colleges, which require 20,000 philosophyteachers . The shortage of qualified teachers of philosophy isacute, especially at tile junior community college level. Thisdiscipline cannot profit much from automatic devices orcomputerized quiz machines. The supreme act of"philosophieren" requires a total involvement of the wholepersonality . Therefore new information techniques such asvideotape, film, audio devices, loop techniques, non-linearprinting techniques, light art, stroboscope, medicalelectronics. brain wave transmission should be used for tiletotal conveyance of great philosophers' messages, and for thestimulation of students' own "Philosophieren" and maybefor the preparation of post-McLuhan, non-linear, possiblymore iconographic and totally involved ??red century

philosophy If philosophy wants to recover tile hegemonywhich il held for centuries, the students of philosophy propershould also be exposed to today's electronic situation,instead of 10 parchment philology .

Needless to say. Jaspers and heidegger own explanationsabout themselves would be a strong means IOC qualitative and

quantitative improvement of Itllilosoltlly education Illistechnique applies also to other humanities and socialsciences . in which personality and scholarship are essentiallycombined .

readingAIDS

Videotape reading aids call also be useful formajorphilosophy Classics in original language and english IBM is

making a computer index of painting related to ""'sic,thesame Illing Could be done. if it is not already underway .

about tile pictorial material on philosophy. although my ideaof videotape guides to philosophy is far from tile incre

accumulation of portraits or birth places . etc .

The western music as a whole can be grasped as a manyfaceted dialectic struggle betwc en TIME (sound) and SPACE(notation and other various visual elements). Therefore theimpact of the videotape recorder cannot be overestimated illcomposition (electronic opera), musicology (the whole EitnerLexicon on videotape for the instant access to all sources inMontpellier or Mannheim) and music education.Synchronized visual accompaniment to the sound track onvideotape (notation, written explanation and, occasionally,the performer himself) will enrich the study and appreciationwithout disturbing the musical flow, while saving theteacher's time . While the sound of the videotape proceeds,the following information can be visible on theaccompanying video part :

a. Medieval Musicsource and moderntranscription andmusicological problemsparallel with sounds (stylisticanalysis and development e.g.plain chant-Tropes-Se-quenze-Motettus) andNeumen problems ("The mostauthentic performance ofGregorian chant is no moreauthentic than the Neo-gothicchurch built in the 19thcentury"-Besseler)

b . Polyphonic Music(13th-17th Century)esoteric polyphonictechniques, indicated witharrows, etc. Ockeghem's 3?part fugue will be properlyappreciated for the first timein history in this way alsoBitch's Choral Vorspielen,Kunst der Fuga etc,

c. Classic Musicthematic development,macro-form analysis,interpretational problems,such as conlroverial dynamic,phrasing, different sources,finger, batton, breathing,various stresses on inner partsMarquanto, which oftenescapes untrained cars, etc .INSTANT GLOBAL UNIVERSITY

Suppose a girl in Kentucky wants to study the Japanese Kotoinstrument, and a graduate at U.C.L.A . wants to experimentwith certain Persian or Afghanistan musical instruments. Flowwould they do this'

The mailable television (i .e . videotape) would enable theindividual lessons for many subjects to be given from

anywhere to anywhere . For instance, twenty different musicstudents of an American university could study twentyinstruments of a Gagaku orchestra . which exists only in the

japanese emperor's court, using videotape, and then go on aconcert tour to Japan dressed in authentic costumes. Thiswould be a major Cultural shock to the Japanese, comparableto that of Admiral Perry . this technique applies in lessspectacular. but more substantial fields .

d. Music of Romantic EraBy following the proceedingsof Leitmotiv on videotape,program music ran be restoredfront oblivion . Alsotext-melody correlation( r e c e n t semi-sensation inmusicology, professorGeorgiades shubertLieder") and tile deteriorationof functional harmony .

e. Serial and Electronic Musicintellectual informationconcerning tile totalorganization of wholeparameter, frequency analysis .and technical information ofelectronic sounds . In someStockhausen Boulez music .the complexity of score makesthe simple following of soundwith score very hard, and thispaper music" (in a goodsense) requires the paperunderstanding, since theaccurate performance isimpossible .

g. Event and Action MusicOften there is no way to maketile notation ill, music exceptby recording tile wholeperformance. Stockhausen andligeti suggested a lime of myaction music pieces 1959-61 )to be used as a score . which Ire.iccted for a philosophicalreason . However. for manyevents music (which existsnow in every country in tileworld) such as Brecht . Chiari,Christiansen . Hidalgo, Kosugi,Patterson . Schnebel, Shiomitone Welin Young, videotapewill be a useful supplement fortheir sketchy instructions .

f . Music GraphicIn this other kind of "papermusic sound and notationare far apart so that tileimaginary double playbecomes an integral (tart ofunderstanding . The listenershould know that e.g . Tudorpushes the middle C key foran apple figure on cage'spiano concerto, whereas K-EWelin goes under the pianoand eats a nut for the samesymbol . This fetichism of ideasis piercing through Pop art,Miniskirt and the Fortranblock diagram and is a stylisticcriterion of '_0th centuryculture. Following the score inthe indeterministic music isindispensable in the oppositemeaning from thedeterministic music.

h. Mix Media MusicAll opera, and allnon-European music aremix-media pieces. Videotape isthe only legitimate way ofstudy, except for the actualperformance. For ethnologicalmusic, which broke the barrierof academy since the successof Ravi Shankar and FolkwaysRecords, videotape exertsmaximum power. E.g. theacoustical analysis of pitchand timbre (obertone,formant) should replace theoutmoded, often insultingpentatonic transcription.Pentatonic is the invention of19th century Europe .i . The younger generation isincreasingly visually inclinedwith more desire for the totaland instant perception . Howwould the classic music,including the new seriousmusic, fare in the age ofELECTRONIC VIDEORECORDING?

The above experiments, plusmore Utopian research, arepreparatory experiments for

this big question

SINGING LESSONS

most singing students finish their full college course withoutplaying even once in the opera which they studied sopainstakingly . This kind of half study turns them intohalf

teachers Acting in the opera should not he reserved only forthe most talented . the following video ersatz will enablesinging students to taste [lie operatic situation much morethan now, and to shorten the rehearsal tittle by ten to one,which results in the increased frequency of actualperformance, e.g . Trariata .

1st film (or video tape) should be made of everything butSoprano part, and used for the soprano part rehearsal,'nil film is made likewise without tenor part and used for thetenor part rehearsal,3rd filmlikewise without baritone4111 film likewise without base .Film can be projected onto four walls simultaneous to casethe acting lesson ..

This method, which has already proven workable in the fieldof pop music, applies even more to drama, e.g. Macbethwithout Lady Macbeth, Hamlet without Hamlet, Romeowithout Juliet . A teenage Ophelia can be a co-star toLawrence Olivier's Hamlet via the screen .

This whole scheme will be much more effective, if 3-DHolography is once realized on the stage .

A simple chorus piece without one part would help the sightsinging exercises and a string quartet without one instrumentwould cut out the rehearsal time and ease the trafficjam-slightly .

If revolution meant for Russians of 1920electrification

then the revolution in 1960 meanselectronification . . . mind to mind , , . planet to planet .

a. There are more than dozensof TV stations in operation incampuses here and also, mostlikely, abroad. A contest ofstudent TV stations should beheld, which would attractwide attention fromjournalism, etc .

b . In addition to the studenthouse organ paper, the studenibody should use their T 1station for news, commentary,etc .

ELECTRONIC ACADEMIC COMMUNITY

But even McLuhan misuses and mixes up the words"electric" and "electronic", which have as much difference astonal and atonal, much less the average academician . In orderto focus the attention of the whole academic communitydrastically to this electronic situation, the following eventsare suggested .

EAST-WEST PROBLEM

As a citizen of Korea, a minority nation in the minoritycontinent, therefore necessarily a cynical observer, whopicked up three Western and three Eastern languages duringeighteen years of wandering from Hong Kong via Cairo toReykjavek, I am particularly sensitive about the East-Westproblem . Reischauer, formerly Ambassador for America toJapan called for sweeping renewal on this subject, fromelementary schools on, and surely East-West communicationis the biggest task of communications research . A professor inKyoto University wrote "if West knows about East onlyone-tenth of what East knows about West, there will be nowar" .

a) The ambiguity of a Chinesepoem and philosophy is betterexplained on videotape thanby any other means. Reflexpondering and rich associationof mental process, andcalligraphical content andstyle, original mandarin soundon soundtrack, etc . convey themany parameters of a Chinesepoem much better than thecurrent way of printing . Thistechnique also applies toambiguous French poems ofMallarme Valery etc .including original Frenchreading.

b. 80% of the family planningjob in India is file publicityjob, for which artists are besttalented . The only way toreach an Indian villager isthrough inix-media language,which is the avant guarde'sartist's own language .Meanwhile a first class ad-manwould never go to India to liveand probably third classtalents are getting paid inIndia at first class rates and aredoing third rate jobs. Bizarrevision, unorthodox approach,rich imagination, and, mostimportant, a genuine love ofIndia and a will to study andadmire Indian culture allthese make the artist aqualified publicity worker forfamily planning, and probablymore talent for this work willbe gathered among artists thanamong any other group .

c . In addition to the YearBook and graduationphotographs, every studentcan make a short selfintroductory speech or act onvideotape, which would runon TV in student restaurantsor main corridors incessantly .The graduation book can bean Electronic Video Disc, if itgets popular . If we allot half aminute for each student, stillwe can show 1000 studentsfor one clay,

"was vernunftig ist, das ist wirklich, and was wirklich ist, dasist vernunftig" (Hegel)

"What is more educational is most aesthetic, and what ismost aesthetic is most educational" (Paik )

d) It is often said that in thebig university the faculty andstudent body lackinterrelation . I urge a simplebut effective solution .Important faculty members,especially the Presidents andDeans, should make regularT V speeches or holddiscussions with the studentbody and this video recordingshould be going on day andnight at gathering points ofstudents . A video recordingsystem would also be allottedto students, so that they canalso convey their answer tothe higher administrativebody. Many universities have a$ I m . TV system, andcurrently it is no more than a"sleeping beauty",

e) French, German, Italian,Spanish, Russian TV should beshown constantly in thestudent gathering places . Ithelps language study (withoutstrain), deepens globalconsciousness, (again theinstant global university), andhelps the study of journalism,political science, arts,economics, etc . TBS (Japan)station had a bi-lingualbroadcasting system and weare making an enquiry aboutthe present state of thisexperiment . This makesEnglish speaking peopleunderstand one of the majorTV stations of Japan .

f) I asked for the catalogue ofeducational film about musicat Stony Brook, LincolnCenter Library, ColumbiaTeachers' College . The resultwas very poor . I was in severalTV programs here and abroad,which are all unretraceablenow, in labyrinth . I recallseeing several good music,programs, which have highinstructional content, whichare all lost in the deep sea ofTV stations . An internationalcatalogue of educational filmaid videotape at least, onmccsic, art and philosophy,should be made, or acceleratedit in progress . Also a salvageaction should be conducted onfile remaining newsreel of filmincluding 8mm amateur filmfragments of recently passedgreat thinkers, Such asSchweitzer, Buber, Shaw,Camus Suzuki, etc ., before itgets too late .

g) . . . I was happy withRichard Hartzell's opinion,that my electronic color TVexperiments have instructionalresource value .

Dozens of playabllltles can beassembled to a console andcan be distributed toKindergarten or elementaryschool . Its educational effects :

I) Children are exposed toelectronic situations veryearly .2) My electronic TV showsvarious basic facts of physicsand electronics concretely,such as amplitudemodulation, radar, variousscanning, cathode ray,shadow mask tube,oscilloscope, ohm's law,obertone, magneticcharacter, etc . and it is a verypleasant way to learn theseimportant facts .3) It gives the possibilities ofelectronic drawing. It isbetter than the light penbecause my way ismulti-colored and it providesmuch interaction with the airprogram .4) Since my color TV is theunusual, unorthodoxapplication of an every daycommodity, this stimulatesthe kids for more original,less prejudiced thinking.

An attachment for 10possibilities can bemanufactured for from$200-300 . The cheapest 18"color TV set costs $244 retail,which would sell wholesale forabout $180. The total costwould be in the range of $500.

V E

In the age of information, the library of the university willbecome, if this rude parallel is allowed, as active as the CentralIntelligence Agency in America . Therefore, besides the abovementioned Jaspars-Heiddeger films etc ., the following archiveis suggested .

a. The feeling of environmentand inner space is notconveyable through books ormovies, but many medium tcsmall sized monuments(smaller gothic church,Egyptian cave in Luxor, Stonegarden of Ryo-anji Kyoto,even Sistine Chapel) aresmaller than a big pool or agym . Through themulti-projection of color slideson four walls and ceiling theauthentic feeling of thesemonuments is much betterreproduced than by othertraditional means . Forinstance, in the case of, say,Chartres, or the Stony Gardenof Kyoto, the gradually butconstantly changing hues ofcolored windows or stoneaccording to the time of dayand the weather might givemore information about theartistic content than a hastytrip with a noisy guide,especially when the sound ofthe original church chorusetc ., is played . Perhaps wecould even reproduce the

whole Acropolis in the soccerfield . This project hasconsiderable technicaldifficulties but a company likethe Disney Corporation couldconstruct it with tents andtravel around various collegecampuses.

b) A famous art work withvarious comments by manyclassical art historians, such asVassari Stendal, Goethe,Winkelman, Ruskin, Pater,Woelflin, Dvorzak, Worringer,Berenson, Weidle, Sedlmayr.c) Some literary works whichare concretely related tocertain places or scenery canbe recorded on videotape . Inthat way students canexperience a literary strollwith the guide of genialdescription, learning a foreignlanguage, e .g . Goethe'slialianische Reise, Gide'sCongo, Thomas Mann's MagicMountain, Sartre's Bourge as amodel city of nausee, andProust's French scenes,Bashe's Okuno Hosomichi etc .

NEW USE OF VIDEOTAPE

a . I found that used computertape (half inch) is useable on aSony videotape recorder.Despite considerable loss invideo and audio, although it isfar below the level of artisticand entertainment use .Anyway, this enables one torecord a one hour TV showfor $1, (a saving of 50 :1compared to newtape)-10,000 hours tape of1960's TV programs will bevery valuable for the future .The supply of used computertape in Canal Street has driedup, but an arrangement couldbe made between a bigcorporation and a university,since every month muchsurplus and used tape is putout of service from thecomputer. This cheap videorecording possibility will alsomake the recording of on andoff campus scenes easily

executable

b . Audio Tape Library .I assume some institution isrecording important radio

stations,

such

asWBAIPacifica Radio, WNYC,etc . . . . record theseimportant documents of thiscentury . . . record ALL paneldiscussions in radio TVstations etc . It can be donecheaply .c . Allan Bryant is a Princetoneducated musician, who callshimself a full time musiccollector and part timecomposer. This ex-patriot hasbeen recording on tape manybroadcasts of New Music onGerman and Italian radiostations since 1959 . He hasdone valuable world premieresand rare performances but Ido not know the present stateof his collection . Although ithas defects, it is still valuablealready and certainly will bevaluable in the future .d) Heinz Sohm, a dentist inStuttgart, has a mostcomprehensive and highlyprofessional European avantgarde archive, from 1960 todate, It is valued very highlyamong professionals .