Presentation title
Text
Expansion of the fibre optic network into the medium voltage distribution network
S. Jagannath Pr Eng.2017-03-09
Agenda1. Introduction
2. Smart grid concept
3. Need for communication networks within electric utilities
4. Communication network strategy
5. Motivation for the use of fibre optic technology
6. Multiducting technology
7. Fibre optic deployment business case development
8. eThekwini greenfield scenario
9. eThekwini brownfield scenario
10. Concluding remarks
AppendixUtility infrastructure sharing optionsDA business case development
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1. IntroductionThis presentation complements an article of the same title submitted for publication in upcoming AMEU newsletter.
eThekwini Electricity’s vision is to be the leader of electricity distribution within South Africa.
The aim of this presentation is to share information with respect to telecommunications which we feel may benefit our peers and the industry.
The intent is to highlight a few topics of discussion which each utility may undertake, ultimately forming their own opinion and destination relevant to their area of supply.
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Our Vision
To be a leader in electricity distribution providing energy for the future
Our StrategyTo develop the Electricity Unit as an undertaking that maximises the value of its electricity supplies and makeseffective use of all its resources
Our Mission
To provide electricity, public lighting and other energyservices that satisfy our customers and community whilstmaintaining sound business principles.
Electricity Sales :
R 11 Billion
Electricity Purchases
: R 6.7
Billion
Maximum Demand:1700 MW
Total Sales:11 000 GWh
Staff Compliment
2200
Total Customers:
720 000
Leverponds
SAR Winklespruit
Illovo
Sukuma
Plangweni
UmbogintwiniPearce
Isipingo
Toyota
Umlazi
Durban South
Doonside
Amanzimtoti
WinklespruitIllovo Mill
Smithfield
Chatsworth
Klaarwater
Durban North
Ottawa
Umdloti Beach
Cornubia SS
Sunningdale
Moreland
Mzinyati
Ntuzuma
Newlands
TongaatTruroland
Maidstone
Driefontein
Phoenix North
Hazelmere
Eastbury
Redfern
Verulam
Clayfield
SpringvaleCoronation
ParkhillHillcrest
Westmead
Mariannridge
UnderwoodBlair Athol
Reservoir
Engen Tara 2
Jacobs
Old Fort
Mayville
Roberts
*1
Merewent
Bellair SS
AddingtonDalton
Rossburgh
Prospecton
Romatex
Congella
Northdene
HuntleysAlice
Berea
Engen Tara 1
Woodlands
BeachwalkCathedral
Springfield
Westville
Umgeni
Pinetown Frametex
Windsor SS
HectorGeorgedale
Ottawa Trac
Havenside
Coedmore SS
Duffs Rd TracWaterfall
T21T27
Clermont
Phoenix Ind
Kloof
Glenashley
Quary
Frametex
AECI
Cato
Himalayas SSMobeni South
Pineside
LotusPark
La Mercy
Edwin Swales SS
Fynnlands
Wentworth
Avoca
Shallcross
Tongaat
Ridgeview
Kingsburgh
Ottawa
Mondi
Randles
Ridgeside
Mt EdgecombeUmhlanga Rocks
GreenburyGateway
Canelands Trac
Plangweni Pump Station 132kV Cable33kV Line
275kV Line
132kV Substation
33kV Cable
132/33kV Substation
33kV Substation
132kV Line
132kV Traction
Decommissioned Substation
275kV Substation
132/33/11kV Substation
Switching Station 5
275kV
275/132kVSubstations
132/33kVSubstations
33/11 (or 33/6.6kV)
Substations
132/11kVSubstations
11kV
33kV
132kV
(5)
(12)
(34)
(53)
11/0.4kVSubstations (12 350)
0.4kV
Type Cables LinesLength (km)
10 825 7 368
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“A smart grid is a network that allows for a two-way flow ofinformation and electricity.Unlike a conventional grid, a smart grid uses electronic sensorsto monitor its performance and feed information back toconsumers and network operators.It allows consumers to monitor their energy consumption andmake better informed choices.It gives energy providers real-time information on networkperformance and consumption, which can be used to makesustainable and commercial decisions on infrastructureoperation and development.Using smart technology the network is able to ‘heal’ or repairitself following an incident, thereby enhancing reliability andpower quality and making better use of our existinginfrastructure.”(Westernpower, Smart Grid)
2. Smart grid concept
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2. Smart grid concept
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3. Need for communication networks within the electric utilities
1. Regulatory requirements – NERSA (Reliability, Safety, Quality of supply, etc)
2. Statutory requirements - National Regulation 773 (request for smart systems-Metering)
3. Current & Future requirements :• SCADA • Distribution Automation
• Teleprotection • OMS
• Power Quality • (Electricity) ICT Links
• Remote Engineering access • Advanced Metering Infrastructure
• Closed Circuit Television • Municipal Links – MetroConnect
• Access control & Security systems
• Remote management for Generation and Co-Generation
• Telephony (VOIP)
• Security systems
• Asset Management9
3. Need for communication networks within the electric utilities
4. Tele-protection • Forms part of the power system electrical protection.• Prevents the loss of lives under fault conditions.• Prevents damage to millions of Rands of electrical infrastructure.• Influences major reduction in cost of un-served energy to eThekwini Municipality
customers (Billions…).• NERSA requirement.
5. HV SCADA• Tool required to monitor and control the electrical network.• Influences major reduction in cost of un-served energy to eThekwini Municipality
(Billions…).
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4. Communication networks strategy Communication link technologies in order of preference :
1. Fibre optic link to new SITE.
2. XDSL/PLC link via existing Copper Pilot cable (Legacy technology still in service,
fibre optics is now more economically feasible).
3. Wireless Mesh or Point to Multipoint link (performance not acceptable for Tele
Protection).
4. GPRS links via 3rd Party Networks (No quality of service (best effort) & performance
not acceptable for Tele Protection).
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4. Communication Networks Strategy Private, Integrated, Multi-tier, Hierarchical communication network
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4. Communication Networks Strategy
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2013 / 20141. In absence of a smart grid (SG) plan, assumptions were made on
communication requirements.
2. Research initiated with the intent to provide the business with an end to end communication network solution when called for.
3. Bankable activities were actioned eg. Layer 1 connectivity.
4. Due to resource limitations, legacy technology support and retrofitmentie. DSL over pilot cables was placed on hold. Resources directed to new technology adoption ie. Fibe optics and wireless.
5. Proposal for the installation of fibre optics released; wireless mesh project initiated.
6. High CAPEX investments on technology placed on hold eg. Layer 2,3,4 connectivity.
5. Motivation for use of fibre optic technology
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1. Fixed medium whose performance characteristics exceeds the requirements for differential protection.
2. Has a long economic life with lower long term maintenance costs.
3. Offers high reliability & considered secure.
4. Provides high bandwidth and forward proofing by upgrading the networking equipment operating over it.
5. Supports multiple communication services such as SCADA, tele-protection, broad band internet, etc.
6. Immunity to electromagnetic interference, non conductive.
7. Lighter weight cable – better design.
8. Long transmission distances, less signal degradation, low power.
5. Motivation for use of fibre optic technology
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9. Various fibre optic technologies exist in industry eg. OPGW, ADSS, HDD,etc.
10. This presentation is specifically focusing on multi-ducting technology.
11. For additional info refer to SAIEE presentation on fibre optic (FO) systemswhich covers :
• Fibre cable composition• FO cable standards• Installation techniques• Operation and maintenance• Answers the question to how much data capacity is available on a
fibre optic cable..
6. Multi-duct technology1. It is a technology used to deploy fibre optic systems via underground trenches.2. Specifications covered in SANS 60794-5.3. Microduct: is a small flexible light weight tube with an outer diameter typically less than
16 mm .
4. Multiduct: several microduct tubes protected by an outer sheath.
5. Micro cable: optical fibre cable that is suitable for installation by blowing/jetting intomicroduct tube.
Outer HDPE Sheath
1
2 3
4
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7
14/10mm Microduct Tube
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6. Multi-duct technology• Jointing of multiduct/microducts
– Needs to be water/air tight (16 Bar)
• Manholes– 600 mm and 1000 mm Fibre cement manholes
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6. Multi-duct technologyTypical installation:• Direct buried 7-way HDPE multiduct tube• Manholes every 1000 m, access points, road crossings or bend exceeding
bending radius of multiduct• One 48 core microcable blown in per tube.• Unpopulated microduct tubes cater for future expansion
MAJ HH1 DSS2
DSS4 HH2
Blue
DSS3
OrangeGreen
BlueOrangeGreen
BlueO range
BlueOrange
Green
BlueYell ow40mm HDPEYell ow40mm HDPE
DSS1
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6. Multi-duct technology
Proof of concept installation pictures
6. Multi-duct technologyADVANTAGES1. Future expansion with no additional labour (trenching) cost, 6 x spare
microducts.2. Faster fibre cable installation (60-100 m/min) - Faster rollout of networks.3. Faster fault repair.4. Fewer manholes along route .5. Same labour to install pre-constructed 7-way multiduct as compared to a single
40 mm duct .DISADVANTAGES1. More technical skill required from the installation team.2. Need to keep microducts clean and free of obstruction using end seals etc.3. Special tools and equipment needed for tube preparation and fibre cable
installation.4. Duct integrity testing procedures at handover and prior to cable installation.
Luckily micro-ducting has been adopted by the large Telco's – pool of competentcontractors
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7. Fibre optic deployment business case development
1. eThekwini Electricity has committed to evolving to a smart grid.
2. eThekwini Municipality has expressed an intention to become a smart city.
3. South Africa has committed to providing broadband access to all citizens to
bridge the digital divide, and increase economic development.
4. All concepts have Telecommunications as a core enabler.
5. All concepts have the same challenge – Where do we find the CAPEX ?
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7. Fibre optic deployment business case development
Answer ?
Be smart. Formulate a vision and plan ahead.
Rationalise requirements, invest in bankable activities such as deploying fibre optic
ducting with electrical cables.
6. Why is it a bankable activity ?A smart grid will require two way communication to all end devices. Fibre optics is
the best technology (at present).
Many utilities adopted the legacy practice of deploying pilot cables eg. eThekwini
Electricity. A technology change is required to migrate to fibre optics.
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7. Fibre optic deployment business case development
Item Unitofmeaure Rate Commenttoelectricutility Commenttomunicipality Commentto3rdparty/SA volume? Totalcost?
Trenchinglabourcost permetre 50.00R Costalreadyincurred
Costwillbeduplicatedbyanotherbusinessunitandfruitlessexpenditurebymuncipality
CostwillbeduplicatedbymultiplecompanieswhocouldhaveusedCAPEXelsewhere
Ductcost 40.00R
Installationlabourforductcost
permetre 10.00R
Fibreopticcablecost permetre 15.00R
InstallationlabourforFOcablecost
permetre 7.50R
Pilotcablecost -90.00RPilotcableinstallationlabourcost
-10.00R
Temporaryre-instatementcost
persqmetre 300.00R
Tarre-instatementcost
persqmetre 600.00RCangouptoR1000m2forindustrialarea
testingcost percore 10.00Rterminationcost percore 100.00R
Thiscostmayberepeatedmultipletimes.Oftenaddingrisktodamagetoearilerinstalledmunicipalassetseg.Roads,pavements,electrical,waterand
telecomcables.
Costcatersfor7cablesandupto96corespercable!
CostcanbebuiltintoDistributionAutomation
businesscase.
Costeffectiveleaseagreementscouldbe
considered.
Municipalitywillsaveonduplicationfibreoptic
cablecostsandcansharecostwithultility.
Legacycost-nowasaving
48corefibreopticcable-Anelectricutilitytypically
requires6-12.
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7. Fibre optic deployment business case development
7. Above decisions have to be made inline with local municipality’s vision.
8. CAPEX can be incurred incrementally.
9. CAPEX is incurred in present day i.e. present value. The future value saving is greater. (It’s an investment).
10. Case example of eThekwini Electricity • We had a vision towards distribution automation.• A decision was taken to install fibre optic ducting with selected 11kV
cables.• This decision is bearing fruit as we are now retro-fitting fibre optic
cables to support differential protection and SCADA.
**Note other technologies and deployment techniques also exist.
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7. eThekwini greenfield scenario1. eThekwini Electricity has developed a scalable construction process to
deploy fibre optics to 11kV distribution substations.2. Fibre optic ducting is installed with 11kV cables.3. Fibre optic termination panels are supplied as turnkey solution with 11kV
switchgear.4. Fibre optic cables will be installed via a fibre optic installation contract. 5. Operation and maintenance will be undertaken internally.6. The business case to expand scope to cater for controllable ring main units is
under development.
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8. eThekwini brownfield scenario1. eThekwini Electricity has developed a scalable construction process to install
fibre optics into previously installed ducts.
2. A priority list for retro-fitment has been developed with MV Network Control. This includes hospitals, shopping centres, industrial areas, etc.
3. Retro-fitment materials are being introduced as stock items. Specifications are common between greenfield and brownfield scenarios.
4. *Wireless mesh technology is also being retrofitted for sites requiring improved SCADA reliability in a short time frame.
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8. Concluding remarks
1. eThekwini Electricity is currently working on the related strategic activities which other electric utilities could also consider:
• Reviewing of fibre optic sharing models to support local economic development.
• Introduction of a GIS telecommunication model for information management. Introduction of fibre optic competency training for internal staff and contractors.
• Introduction of tenders to introduce new fibre optic store materials. • Reviewing merits of expanding fibre optic duct installation to all medium
voltage cables to meet advanced distribution automation requirements.
2. EThekwini Electricity’s vision is that the above mentioned activities will better position them to meet future smart grid and smart city aspirations.
Thank You !!!
Scope of telecommunications1. Telecommunications has seven layers.
2. Most widely discussed is the first layer – physical layer.
3. Physical layer details the communication medium such as fibre optics.
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Open access model
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The term “open access” implies a resource that is made available to clients, other than the owner, on fair and non-discriminatory terms; in other words, the price for access is the same for all clients and is hopefully less than the cost of building a separate infrastructure.
Infrastructure sharing options and models
Infrastructure sharing options and modelsPassive infrastructure options
1. Share trenches.
2. Share large ducting /sleeves (110mm diameter).
3. Share telecommunications ducts.
4. Share fibre cable. Namely allocated fibre optic cores.
Active network option
1. Shared logical data network.
Stakeholders
1. Sharing between business units.
2. Sharing with 3rd parties. 31
EE draft recommendation regarding infrastructure sharing
1. The long term vision within eThekwini Electricity is to support the sharing of
infrastructure with other business units via an open access model.
2. This is in order optimise the asset lifecycle costs by maximizing the return on
investment of infrastructure within the city.
3. It is the intent of the Electricity Unit to co-ordinate the planning, construction,
operation and maintenance of telecommunication infrastructure installed with
electrical infrastructure and where required for electricity service delivery.
4. It is envisioned that either:
The Information Management Unit via MetroConnect shall pursue and support the
lease of infrastructure to private entities
Or
The Trading Services Cluster shall pursue the introduction of telecommunications as
a trading service. 32
Analysis of the benefits associated with infrastructure sharing
1. Reduce the overall deployment cost to municipality.
2. Reduce deployment cost to private entities.
3. Flexibility to introduce broadband internet as a trading service.
4. Positive impact of broadband on economic development.
5. Reduce damage to electrical cables, water pipes, telecom cables, roads and
pavements.
6. Reduce maintenance costs.
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EE draft recommendation regarding infrastructure sharing
Analysis of the risks associated with infrastructure sharing
1. Distraction from historical core business activities .
2. Possible objection from industry.
3. Complexity of co-ordination of activities.
4. Shared risk of damage to infrastructure.
5. Formal agreements between parties.
6. Degradation of quality of service.
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EE draft recommendation regarding infrastructure sharing
Motivation for telecommunication lifecycle management remaining within the Electricity Unit
1. Smart grid deployments span from high voltage infrastructure down to end
customers. Telecommunication connectivity is now required at all tiers.
(Telecoms and power distribution will have the same destinations).
2. Asset lifecycle management costs are already built into current processes, for
example fibre optic ducts and cable installations are already a required to be
installed with electrical cables. This reduces trenching and re-instatement costs.
3. The smart grid needs to be managed by Ethekwini Electricity.
Telecommunication is a mission critical requirement, therefore this risk needs to
be managed by Ethekwini Electricity. (Outages costs industry millions, outage of
tele-protection increases risks to loss of life & damage to infrastructure). 35
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Distribution Automation business case development
Intended calculations for a greenfield case scenario
Asset lifespan = 10 yearscost of unserved energy = CUE = R75 kWhdistribution automation cost = DAC
DAC = cost of telecommunication + cost of RTU
ROI is dependent on:1.Socio economic impact of cost of unserved energy to customers (CUE).2. Loss of revenue during outage period.3. Savings from automated restorage.4. Secondary benefits to municipality.
ROI = ((average outage time for industrial customer per annum)*(CUE)*(average 11kV Feeder load in industrial area) + (average outage time for industrial customer per annum)*(cost per hour for outage restoration )) * 10
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Distribution Automation business case development
Intended calculations for a greenfield case scenario
Past behaviour in similar areas can be used to predict future performance of new area
Any of the following information you can provide would be greatly appreciated:1. Average outage time for industrial customer per annum2. Average 11kV Feeder load in industrial area 3. Cost of outage restoration (cost of faults man per hour * number of faultsmen)
We will then investigate suggestions for ROI to become equal or great than the DAC..
Additional revenue generation options could then be considered as a last resort to balance the equation.