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ExC-ELL
Expediting Reading
Comprehension across
Disciplines
-It's not only for ELLs!
Christa Daniel Southeastern Randolph Middle School
6-8 Science, 9-12 Science
Alyson ‘Mac’ McNamara
Southeastern Randolph Middle School
NBCT, K-12 EC, 6-8 ELA, 6-8 Math
Margarita Calderón
"We have accumulated a
collection of school-
based and instructional
features that are working
for all students." (Teaching
Reading & Comprehension to English Learners,
K-5, 2011, p.1)
ExC-ELL
ExC-ELL: Research-based and Proven Outcomes!
ExC-ELL
…funded by the NY
Carnegie Corporation
…a professional
development program for
teachers
…5+ years of empirical
testing of ExC-ELL
…Shows great results!
ExC-ELL
Why Involve ALL Teachers with ExC-ELL?
ExC-ELL!
ExC-ELL!
ExC-ELL!
ExC-ELL
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Expediting Comprehension for
English Language Learners
ExC-ELL
ExC-ELL
Alphabet Soup
ExC-ELL
Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
ExC-ELL Parallels the CCSS
The CCSS call for basic changes in the way all K-12 teachers have been teaching:
• Academic vocabulary (e.g., tier 1, 2, 3 words).
• Language (e.g., rich discourse, discussions, questions, answers).
• Reading (e.g., text complexity, more informational than literary).
• Writing from sources (e.g., texts they are reading).
• Building knowledge in the disciplines by teaching
reading, vocabulary and writing in science, social studies, and
language arts.
ExC-ELL
ALL students will read, discuss and write
in all subjects EVERY CLASS, EVERY DAY!
ExC-ELL strategies HELP!
ExC-ELL
The Big Question from Teachers:
What can ExC-ELL do for my students?
Prior to ExC-ELL:
Surface Comprehension
• low-level questions
• lacks rich discussions
With ExC-ELL:
Deep Comprehension
• learn new vocabulary
• rich discussions • critical comprehension
ExC-ELL
Vocabulary and Oracy
Development Takes Place:
Before Reading
Pre-teaching of vocabulary
During Reading
Teacher read alouds
Student peer reading
After Reading
Peer summaries
Depth of word studies/grammar
Class discussions
ExC-ELL
How to Select Words to Teach
Choose words that are critically
important:
• to the text
• to the understanding of the concept
• to the unit
ExC-ELL
Vocabulary TIERS
Tier 3 Content specific words
(highlighted in the text)
Tier 2 Academic process language
Transition words
Connectors
Polysemous words
Tier 1 Basic words usually taught by
many teachers
ExC-ELL
Tier 2
Words in End Of Grade & End Of Course
Exams, the “high-stakes” testing.
Information Processing Words
• Infer
• Implied
• Convey
ExC-ELL
Vocabulary Tiers: Specificity & Sophistication
ExC-ELL
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3
knee kneecap patella
in all total sum
person character protagonist
people population demographics
Tier 2- The “Forgotten List” of Vocabulary
• Academic Processing words
• Idioms
• Transition words and connectors
• Phrasal Clusters
• Sophisticated and Specific
• Homophones
ExC-ELL
ROUNDTABLE Clear your desks.
Only one paper and pencil.
Each student writes one answer and passes the
paper to the right.
Everyone must write an answer.
Continue this process until the teacher calls time.
Count the number of correct responses by your
team. Delete repeated words and report your
numbers.
Round 2!
ExC-ELL
A Queen’s Wish One gray winter day the elderly queen
summoned all her grandchildren to the castle. “I
have been fortunate to have lived a long life,”
she said. “But in time your generation will rule
the country. You must work persistently to help
the people and take care of the land.
“We will always work hard,” the children replied.
“You must also be faithful to your brothers and
sisters, no matter what,” the queen said.
ExC-ELL
Vocabulary Tiers for ELLs A Queen’s Wish
Tier 1 Simple
Words
Tier 2 Process, Idioms,
Sophisticated
Tier 3 Content Words,
Key vocabulary
wish
gray
Queen
castle
rule
in time
take care
replied
no matter what
elderly
summoned
fortunate
generation
persistently
faithful
ExC-ELL
Pre-Teach
Step 1 Teacher says the word . ExC-ELL, ExC-ELL, ExC-ELL
Step 2
Teacher asks students to repeat
the word three times
(whisper, high, low)
ExC-ELL, ExC-ELL, ExC-ELL
Step 3 Say the word in context from the
text.
We will receive an overview of ExC-ELL
today.
Step 4 Teacher provides the definition
of the word (dictionary)
ExC-ELL is an acronym for Expediting
Comprehension for English Language
Learners.
Step 5 Provide the meaning in student-
friendly terms.
ExC-ELL is a way to help ELLs learn to read
and write in a quick and accurate way!
Step 6
Student actively engages with the
word to develop word/concept
knowledge.
Turn to your partner and discuss the acronym
ExC-ELL. What do each of the letters
stand for?
Step 7 Highlight grammar, spelling,
polysemy
Note- this word is not to be confused with
Excel, a popular program by Microsoft to
make spreadsheets.
ExC-ELL
Examples for Step #6
Popcorn Activity:
If you are studying for a test, you
need to do it persistently. What else
do you need to do persistently?
ExC-ELL
Expository Text
Text that Explains Facts and Concepts
A Toolkit for Successful Readers
• Background Knowledge
• Vocabulary
• Text Features
• Text Structure
• Reading Comprehension
Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
ExC-ELL
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Expediting Comprehension for
English Language Learners
ExC-ELL
ExC-ELL
• Build Background (content/concept) **How is this different from “front loading?”
• Explicitly Pre-teach Key Words and Phrases
• Set Content Objective for Reading/I can I will (we can and will)
• Model Reading Comprehension Strategy
Before Reading Science, Math,
Social Studies, and Language Arts
ExC-ELL
Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
The ExC-ELL Teacher Read-Aloud
Modeling Comprehension
ExC-ELL
• Teacher and students have the same
text
• Teacher Reads and Thinks Aloud
• Explicitly Teach Reading Strategies
• Student Practice
Video Clips of Partner Reading Options 1 & 2
• What did you notice is different between the two options for partner reading?
• How do you decide whether a
student would use option 1 or option 2 for partner reading?
ExC-ELL
Partner Reading
with Newcomers
1. Newcomer follows along and listens to partner reading.
2. Newcomer chorally reads softly with each partner.
3. Newcomer echo reads after each partner reads their sentence.
Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
ExC-ELL
Newcomer is sandwiched between two partners (preferably Option 1)
Deepening Reading Comprehension
• “Debriefing”
• Formulating Questions
• Graphic Organizers
• Cooperative Activities
ExC-ELL
Post Reading
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Expediting Comprehension for
English Language Learners
ExC-ELL
ExC-ELL
Writing Goals:
• Understand the importance of writing to learn
across the content areas.
• Discover the relationship between standards-
based writing and literacy development and
academic achievement.
• Explore teaching strategies and techniques to
assist students with writing.
ExC-ELL
The Writing Process
• Writing is a recursive, not a linear process. It needs
to be taught explicitly and systematically in stages.
• Vocabulary to use
• Drafting
• Revising
• Editing
• Final Draft/Publishing
• Throughout the process, students should have
explicit mini lessons and examples of features
expected for that composition.
• They should have opportunities to conference and
get feedback from peers and teacher.
ExC-ELL
Mini Lessons
• Mini lessons are necessary so students can
learn to master the writing elements.
• They should be short and focus on one
aspect of the writing they are about to begin.
• They can be delivered in a small group or to the
whole class.
• Topics include what students need: subject-
verb agreement, transitions, dialogue,
combining sentences, etc. Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
ExC-ELL
WRITEAROUND Part 1
• Clear your desks.
• Each student has one paper and pencil.
• Each student writes one sentence and
passes the paper to the right.
• Read the narrative on the paper you
received and write one sentence to go with
that narrative.
• Continue this process until the teacher calls
time out.
Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
ExC-ELL
WRITEAROUND Part 2
• Do a Read-Around-Aloud.
• Read the narrative you are
holding to your team.
• Select the one you like best.
Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
ExC-ELL
WRITEAROUND
Part 3
• Give it a title.
• Edit as instructed, elaborate, add adjectives and adverbs, more Tier 2 & 3 words.
• Add a powerful ending or conclusion.
• Prepare your volunteer to read it to the class. Help the volunteer practice reading with prosody!
• 10 minutes to prepare; 1-2 minutes to read.
ExC-ELL
Revising: Cut and Grow
Students will need the following:
their compositions
a blank piece of paper (preferably pastel-colored)
scissors
tape
• Students cut their compositions right after their unelaborated
sentence and glue it onto the colored sheet of paper.
• The elaborated sentences are written on the colored sheet.
Once written, the students tape the rest of their composition
onto the colored sheet.
• Students reread their improved compositions.
ExC-ELL
Revising – Cut and Grow
1. Cut your composition right after the previously
chosen sentence.
2. Glue it onto a colored sheet of paper.
3. Write your elaborated sentences on the
colored sheet.
4. Tape the rest of the composition to the colored
sheet.
5. Reread the improved version.
ExC-ELL
Editing: Ratiocination
This strategy explicitly teaches grammar within
the writing process. It is a systematic way for
students to revisit their own papers. • The teacher directs the students to check their papers
for a particular purpose, such as overuse of the “to be”
verbs.
• Teachers may need to do a mini-lesson before the
particular skill is checked for.
• Teachers should start by checking for one clue per
paper and add more as the students learn the process.
• Students should have colored markers, pencils, or crayons available for this activity.
--Acts of Teaching, Joyce Armstrong Carroll
Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
ExC-ELL
Revising: Ratiocination
1. Circle all the first words of each
sentence. 2. Make a list of all the first words and
count how many times they are repeated.
3. Look for more interesting words or
phrases to begin your sentences. Note: This process can be done with verb
tenses, transition words, adjectives, etc.
ExC-ELL
Code Clue
Circle “to be” verbs:
is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
Rectangle
Make a list of every first
word.
First word in every sentence.
Substitute with sophisticated transition word or
connector.
Find Tier 1 word and substitute with Tier 2.
Add more Tier 3 words.
More Examples of Ratiocination
Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
ExC-ELL
ASSESSMENT & WRITING
• The ultimate proof – assessment at the end of each week:
For instance: • Write one or two paragraphs
summarizing what you learned about _______________ using as many tier 2 and tier 3 words as you have learned. Use appropriate connectors, transition or signal words. Use compound sentences
or different types of clauses.
ExC-ELL
Tear-ups
1. Get a colored sheet of paper.
2. Close your eyes and tear it up into
a shape of your choice.
3. Use your shapes to create a text
about your content area.
4. Use your Tier 2 and 3 words in the
story. Circle them as you
incorporate them in the story.
ExC-ELL
ExC-ELL
Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
ExC-ELL
Interested in becoming trained in ExC-ELL??
Contact:
Charlotte "Nadja" Trez
ESL Consultant and Title III Director
(919)807-3866
Margarita Calderón & Associates, Inc.
ExC-ELL