Experience from start-up and
operation of ANITA™ Mox plants and development of a new
Hybas™ ANITA™ Mox process
Nitrogen Removal Technologies 15th May Leeds
Romain Lemaire (Veolia Water, Paris) Magnus Christensson (AnoxKaldnes) Bruno Bigot (Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies UK)
COD
O2
NO3-
AOB
COD
Heterotrops
NH4+
NO2-
NOB
55%
45%
Anammox Bacteria
N2 + NO3-
Anammox
NH4+
NO2-
89% 11%
O2
(40%)
Anoxic Aerobic
O2
COD
(0%)
Principle – ANITA™ Mox
1-stage Deammonification -60% O2 -100% COD
ANITA™ Mox – MBBR process
Biofilm Media
Liquid
Nitritation
NH4+
NO2- AOB
Anammox
N2 O2
Aerobic
Anoxic Simultaneous in biofilm
MBBR
High sludge retention time (SRT) needed
Necessity to protect anammox bacteria (O2 / NO2) Biofilm
Necessity to keep bacteria into the system (avoid washout)
Maximum robustness and stability desired
ANITA™ Mox – Sjölunda WWTP, Malmö (Sweden)
4 x 50m3 = 200m3
Sjölunda WWTP reject water Capacity = 200 kgN/d 800-1200 mgN-NH4/L 1st ANITA™ Mox reference Flexibility for fullscale testing
K3 500 m2/m3
K5 800 m2/m3
BiofilmChip M 1200 m2/m3
ANITA™ Mox – Different Media tested
MBBR = Media + Grid No risk of losing Anammox biomass
ANITA™ Mox – BioFarm concept
BioFarm concept = Providing seeded carriers for rapid start-up of
future full-scale ANITATM Mox units
Seeded carriers
New carriers during start-up
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
NH
4 lo
ad &
rem
ova
l rat
es (
kgN
/m3
.d)
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
T°C
NH4-N loadNH4-N remT°C
BioFarm – N-load / NH4-rem
130
1.1 kgN-NH4/m3.d in 4 months with only 3% seeding
reject water supply limitation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Days
NH
4 &
TN
re
mo
ved
(%
), N
O3
/NH
4
TN removal %
NH4 removal %
% NO3-prod / NH4-rem
BioFarm – Performance
11
90
80
90% NH4 removal and 80% TN removal
Patented DO control strategy reduce NO3 production <11%
1.4 – 1.7 kWh/kgN-NH4 removed
• 350 kgN/d 430 kgN/d reject water
• Existing 350m3 SBR MBBR
• K5 carrier (AnoxKaldnes)
• Quick seeding (13% from BioFarm)
• Started in January 2012
ANITA™ Mox – Sundets WWTP, Växjö (Sweden)
Fine
bubble
aeration
3.5m
depth
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,55
0,6
0,65
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480
Re
ject
wat
er
flo
w (
m3
/d)
NH
4 lo
ad &
NH
4 r
em
ova
l rat
e (
kgN
/m3
.d)
Days
NH4-N load
NH4-N rem
Reject Water Flow (m3/d)
Växjö – N-load / NH4-rem
Treating all reject water after only 30 days (with 13% seeding)
0.4-0.5 kgN/m3.d ½ design N-load expected Co-digestion 2013
Design Flow = 350 m3/d
Real Flow = 150-200 m3/d
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480
T°C
%N
H4
rem
, %TN
rem
, rat
io N
O3
/NH
4
Days
TN removal %
NH4-N removal %
ratio NO3-prod/NH4-rem
T°C
Växjö – Performance
90% NH4 removal and 80% TN removal
DO control strategy reduce NO3 production <11%
90
80
y = 0,88xR² = 0,97
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7
NH
4 r
em
ove
d (
kgN
H4
-N/m
3.d
)
NH4 load (kgNH4-N/m3.d)
Växjö – N-load vs NH4-removal
88% NH4 removal since start-up
• 120 kgN/d (reject water + leachate)
• Retrofitting 600m3 existing tank
• Quick seeding (BioFarm)
• Commissioning June 2012
ANITA™ Mox – Holbæk (DK)
Leachate storage tank (= 600m3)
ANITA™ Mox
Landfill
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
T°C
% N
-re
mo
val
Days
N-removal % % N-NH4 % NO3-N produced to NH4-N removed Temperature
Holbæk – Performance
DO regulation “Off”
80% NH4 removal even at 15°C
Patented DO control strategy very efficient to keep NO3 <11%
ANITA™ Mox – Grindsted, Denmark
50 000 tons/year to BioPasteur® digester: • 45% of DS from wastewater sludge
• 35% of DS from organic household waste
• 20% of DS from organic industrial waste
• 110 kgN/d reject from co-digester
• 140 m3 (new tank)
• Quick Seeding (BioFarm)
• Start-up May 2013
ANITA™Mox –James River WWTP, Newport News, VA US
• 250 kgN/d reject water
• Retrofit of existing tank
• Quick seeding (BioFarm)
• Start-up Q3 2013
• Existing HybasTM system
60,200m3/d
ANITA™ Mox – South Durham, North Carolina US
• 890 mg/L ammonia reject water
combination of HRSD sludge
• 284 m3/d flow
• Retrofit of existing tank
• Seeding (BioFarm)
• Start-up Q3 2013
• Plant has existing HybasTM
system 60,200m3/d
ANITA Mox
• 333 kgN/d reject water
• Retrofit of existing tank
• Quick seeding (BioFarm)
• Start-up Q1 2014
• 3 years payback
• US based BioFarm
MBBR
BiofilmMedia
Liquid
Nitritation
NH4+
NO2-AOB
Anammox
N2O2
Aerobic
AnoxicBiofilm
Media
Liquid
Nitritation
NH4+
NO2-AOB
Nitritation
NH4+
NO2-AOB
Anammox
N2
Anammox
N2O2O2
Aerobic
Anoxic
= 0.5-1.5
mg/L
Biofilm Media
Liquid
Nitritation
NH4+
NO2-
AOB
Anammox
N2O2
AnoxicMedia
Liquid
Nitritation
NH4+
NO2-
AOB
Anammox
N2O2
Anoxic
< 0.5
mg/L
Flocs (1-3 g/L)
MBBR
AOB in flocs = less NO2- limitation AOB in biofilm = NO2
- limitation
New Development – IFAS configuration IFAS
Bench-scale trial – IFAS and MBBR
19
Influent
Conditions
MBBR IFAS A
B
• AD Sidestream • NH4= 900 mgN/L • tCOD= 400 mg/L • BOD = 30 mg/L • tCOD/N = 0.4 • sbCOD/N = 0.25
• 30 oC • 43 % K5 carrier • Volume reactor = 7 L • D.O.IFAS= 0.2 mg O2/L • D.O.MBBR= 1.0 mg O2/L
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
N-r
em
(g
N/m
2.d
)
Time (days)
R1:N-Rem (gN/m².d) R2:N-Rem (gN/m².d)
Stage I R1: MBBR R2:MBBR
(150mg/L NH4-N)
Stage II R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (150mg/L NH4-N)
Stage III R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (70mg/L NH4-N)
Stage IV R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (30mg/L NH4-N)
Stage V R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (10mg/L NH4-N)
Hybas™ ANITA™Mox – Bench-scale
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
ML
SS
(g
/L)
N-r
em
(g
N/m
2.d
)
Time (days)
R2:N-Rem (gN/m².d) MLSS (g/L)
Stage I R1: MBBR R2:MBBR
(150mg/L NH4-N)
Stage II R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (150mg/L NH4-N)
Stage III R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (70mg/L NH4-N)
Stage IV R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (30mg/L NH4-N)
Stage V R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (10mg/L NH4-N)
Hybas™ ANITA™Mox – Bench-scale
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380
ML
SS
(g
/L)
N-r
em
(g
N/m
2.d
)
Time (days)
R1:N-Rem (gN/m².d) R2:N-Rem (gN/m².d) MLSS (g/L)
Stage I R1: MBBR R2:MBBR
(150mg/L NH4-N)
Stage II R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (150mg/L NH4-N)
Stage III R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (70mg/L NH4-N)
Stage IV R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (30mg/L NH4-N)
Stage V R1: MBBR R2:IFAS (10mg/L NH4-N)
Hybas™ ANITA™Mox – Bench-scale
Expected IFAS design = 2-3 kgN/m3.d (x2-x3 pure MBBR)
0
1
2
3
0 2 4 6 8
N-r
em
ova
l (gN
/m2.d
)
N-NO2 (mg/L)
Hybas™ ANITA™Mox – Bench-scale
MBBR IFAS
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
N-r
em
ova
l (gN
/m2.d
)
N-NO2 (mg/L)
Higher NO2 concentrations in IFAS
Higher N-removal rates with higher NO2 concentrations
Optimum NO2 level depends of hydrodynamics condition
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+10
1.00E+11
1.00E+12
15 42 49 72 94 147 Time (days)
Anammox AOB Total Bacteria NOB
qPCR : Evolution (Anammox, AOB, NOB and total Bacteria)
24
Hybas™ ANITA™Mox – Bench-scale
MBBR
Suspended solids composition (MLSS)
IFAS MBBR
1. Stable SS composition in MBBR
2. Augmentation of Biomass in IFAS
3. Higher increase of AOB in IFAS (x1000!)
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+10
1.00E+11
1.00E+12
15 42 49 72 94 147 Time (days)
Anammox AOB Total Bacteria NOB
Hybas™ ANITA™Mox – Bench-scale
qPCR : Evolution (Anammox, AOB, NOB and total bacteria)
Biomass repartition IFAS vs MBBR
Anammox
Mode MBBR 99% 1%
Mode IFAS 96 % 4%
AOB
Mode MBBR 99% 1%
Mode IFAS 7% 93%
Total biomass
Mode MBBR 92% 8%
Mode IFAS 52% 48%
x 1 000 in IFAS
Biofilm MLSS
Hybas™ ANITA™Mox – IFAS configuration
Hybas™ ANITA™ Mox = Higher N-removal with combination of
carriers and suspended biomass
New Development – Mainstream N-removal
ANITA™ Mox Pilot trial on BOD-treated WW: • After BOD AS (Sweden)
• After UASB (Middle East)
3 different systems tested: • Pure MBBR
• IFAS
• Sequenced treatment of reject water and BOD-treated WW
ANITA™ Mox – Applications (MBBR & IFAS)
Municipal :
Sidestreams: • Anaerobic Digested Sludge centrate validated
• Thermal Hydrolysis* + AD centrate validated
Mainstream: (IFAS = easy retro fit) • Post anaerobic (UASB) under evaluation
• Post high-rate BOD-stage under evaluation
Industrial : • Landfill Leachates (old) validated
• Post anaerobic from Bio-composting (COD/N=2) validated
• Micro-electronic / Semi-cond validated
• Other Post anaerobic effluent (slaughterhouse, F&B) under evaluation
* (BiothelysTM, ExelysTM, CambiTM)
ANITA™Mox – Conclusion Stable and robust
Low OPEX + C-footprint :
• - 60% O2 / no COD dosing / 1.4-1.7 kWh/kgNrem / N2O < 0.5%
Efficient aeration control
• Continuous aeration no mixer / low N2O
• Keep NO3 < 11% no NOB (MBBR & IFAS)
N-removal performances :
• MBBR = >1 kgNrem/m3.d (Sidestream)
• IFAS = 2-3 kgNrem/m3.d (Sidestream)
BioFarm seeding strategy = Quicker Start-up
6 references :
• Malmö WWTP (Sweden) 200 kgN/d reject water 2010 • Växjö WWTP (Sweden) 430 kgN/d reject water 2012 • Holbæk WWTP (DK) 120 kgN/d reject water + leachate 2012 • Grindsted WWTP (DK) 110 kgN/d co-dig. sludge + food waste May 2013 • James River WWTP (USA) 253 kgN/d reject water Aug 2013 • South Durham WWTP (USA) 333 kgN/d reject water late 2013
THANK YOU !!