May 20, 2015
Biomonitoring in the Northeast –Opportunities for Collaboration? Experience from the Last Ten Years - New York PHL
Kenneth M. Aldous Ph.D. Director, Division of Environmental Health Sciences [email protected]
May 20, 2015 2
OUTLINE
• NYS Biomonitoring Recent History • Projects
• CHANES • Great Lakes • Newborn Screening
• Developing Capabilities • Collaborations
• Research • Method development
• North East Opportunities?
May 20, 2015 3
NYS Biomonitoring Timeline 2001 Biomonitoring CDC Planning Grant (2 years) 25 states and state consortia funded 2003 3 Awards (NH, Rocky Mt. Consortium, NY)
2003-2008 Biomonitoring Implementation Funding –Purchase of GC/HRMS + funded one analytical staff NYS Tobacco Control Program – State Legislation NYC CHANES Study (Trace elements, cotinine, pesticides) Pilot Projects (PFC, PBDE, OH-PAHs, trace element speciation, etc)
2009-2015 Expanding NY PHL Capability & Capacity Method development and validation (DU, Speciation, Emerging Organics) Staff, Automation, Instrumentation Expanding funding & collaborations
May 20, 2015 4
Proposed to develop trained staff and purchase suitable instrumentation for human biomonitoring studies important to NYS public health. (2003)
New York City CHANES • Population-based, cross-sectional survey of ~2000 civilian, non-institutionalized adults.
• Conducted Jun 2004 – Dec 2004
• Serum Cotinine measured in ~1,800 people
• Analyses by LC/MS/MS
• Blood metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) and Urine Hg were measured in ~1,800 people.
• Analyses performed by ICP-MS Rogers, HS, Jeffery, N., Kieszak, S., Fritz, P., Spliethoff, H., Palmer, CD., Parsons, PJ, Kass, DE, Caldwell, K., Eadon, G., Rubin, C. 2008. Mercury exposure in young children living in New York City. J Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 2008 Jan;85 (1):39-51. W. McKelvey, R.C. Gwynn, N. Jeffery, D. Kass, L.E. Thorpe, R.K. Garg, C.D. Palmer, P.J. Parsons, A biomonitoring study of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the blood of New York city adults, Environmental Health Perspectives 115 (2007) 1435-1441. Ellis, J.A., Gwynn, C., Garg, R. K., Philburn, R., Aldous, K.M., Perl, S. B., Thorpe, L. and Frieden, T. R. Secondhand Smoke exposure among nonsmokers nationally and in New York City, (2009) Nicotine and Tobacco Research (online April 7, 2009)
May 20, 2015 7
Whole Blood Heavy Metals – Lead , Cadmium , Mercury (1,811) Mercury Speciation ( 438 ) Manganese & Selenium (method development)
Serum Cotinine (1,800) PCBs, DDT, DDE, PBDEs ( 1,052 )
Urine 21 Trace Elements (1,876) Mercury (1,876) Dialkylphosphates (886) Hydroxy PAHs (~1,000) (method development/validation) *2013 CHANES Targets
NYC CHANES 2004
May 20, 2015 8
Trace Element Analysis Biomonitoring Methods
• Blood Metals – Lead, Cadmium and total Mercury (ICP-MS); Manganese
• Urine Trace Elements: The “NHANES” suite – cobalt; cadmium, lead, uranium; antimony; barium; beryllium;
cesium; molybdenum; platinum; thallium; and tungsten. • Urine Mercury by ICP-MS • Mercury Speciation in Blood by GC-ID-ICP-MS
– Blood (MeHg, iHg, EtHg). • Arsenic Speciation in Urine by LC-ICP-MS) • Depleted Uranium in Urine by SF-ICP-MS
May 20, 2015 9
• ATSDR Funded study with NYSDOH EPHT. • Areas of Concern (AOC) related to lake contamination with “legacy”
chemicals (PCBs, PAHs, Mirex, Declorane) • Vulnerable populations (sport and subsistence fishermen (ethnic
communities - Burmese refugees) • Study planning completed, participants identified and clinics set up,
samples collected. • Laboratory assisted with sample collection • Possible Collaborative projects with other Great Lake State
Departments of Health.
BIOMONITORING AND THE GREAT LAKES
May 20, 2015 10
May 20, 2015 11
GREAT LAKES STUDY
Biospecimens (blood, urine) collected from subsistence fish eaters living close to areas of concern. Includes ethnic refugee Burmese populations
May 20, 2015 12
GREAT LAKES BIOMONITORING PROJECT – INTERIM REPORT - March, 2012 List of required and optional analytes to be measured in blood and urine specimens.
Analyte Required by ATSDR
or optional Specimen type
Organic chemicals PCBs (8 required congeners 28, 52, 101, 105, 118, 138, 153, and 180)
Required and Optional Blood/Serum
PBDEs (predominant congeners) Optional Blood/Serum Perfluorinated compounds (PFOS, PFOA) Optional Blood/Serum DDT/DDE Required Blood/Serum Mirex Required Blood/Serum Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) Required Blood/Serum Toxaphene (Parlar 26, 50) Optional Blood/Serum Chlordane Optional Blood/Serum Oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor Optional Blood/Serum Dieldrin* Optional Blood/Serum Dechlorane Plus* Optional Blood/Serum Metals Mercury (total) Required Blood Lead Required Blood Cadmium Optional Blood Mercury (total inorganic) Optional Urine Nutrient Omega-3 fatty acids* Optional Blood Adjustment measurements Cholesterol/triglycerides Optional Blood/Serum Creatinine N/A Urine
* Will be analyzed in the future using archived blood specimens.
Newborn Blood Spots – Biomonitoring Resource
• Blood Spot Cards – stored at 4oC • NYS Program Archive for ~10 years • Use for stable compound trend analysis • Limited amount of sample from punched disc (0.25” dia) • Each sample used 24 discs from selected dates • 10 samples were collected for each year from 1997- 2007
Total samples 110 (2640 discs) • Extract and analyze by LC/MS/MS using 13C-labeled I.S. • Perfluorinated compounds analyzed
– PFOS perfluorooctane sulfonate PFNA perfluorononanoic acid – PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid PFHxS perfluorohexane sulfonate – PFOSA perfluorooctane sulfonamide
Use of Blood Spots in detecting declining levels of PFCs in New York State Infants (1997 – 2007)
Samples composite of 24 spots, 10 sample each year Production of these PFCs was phased out 2000 - 2002
Spliethoff, H.M., Tao, L., Shaver, S., Aldous, K.M., Pass, K., Kannan, K. and Eadon, G. (2008). Use of Newborn Screening Program Blood Spots for Exposure Assessment: Declining Levels of Perfluorinated Compounds in New York State Infants. Environmental Science and Technology, 42, 5361-5367.
May 20, 2015 15
Developing Biomonitoring Capabilities
What are your current strengths? Are there existing methods that can be expanded? Specific needs not being addressed? Training on new methods State/regional initiatives that could benefit from Biomonitoring External requests? Funding? Research and Publications
May 20, 2015 16
Developing Collaborations
• Intermural • Other state and city program areas
• Tobacco Control • Epidemiology
• Extramural • Federal Partners
• CDC, ATSDR, NIH, NIEHS, NICHD, • Academic Partners
• State Universities, other colleges
May 20, 2015 17
• Trained Staff – (investment) • Facilities – Biosafety Hoods, Clean Rooms • Instrumentation (dual-use)
– detection – sample preparation – automation – high throughput
• Network(s) – for collaboration, support and expertise
Current Biomonitoring Infrastructure
May 20, 2015 18
SECTION I: LABORATORY INFRASTRUCTURE Instrumentation SECTION II: BIOMONITORING STUDY DESIGN Study Protocol Development – Epi, EPHT SECTION III: BIOMARKER SELECTION Biomarker specificity Analytic specificity and sensitivity Correction for Urine Dilution Lipid Adjustment SECTION IV: ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL AND METHODOLOGY Quality Management System Initial Considerations in Analytical Method Selection Specimen Collection Method Validation Analytical Testing SECTION V: RESULTS REPORTING Generating Laboratory Result Reports Results Interpretation Results Communication Communication with the Community External Coordination
