Experience in the Education Experience in the Education Sector and Lessons LearnedSector and Lessons Learned

Africa Region HIV/AIDS Consultation Workshop Africa Region HIV/AIDS Consultation Workshop Addis Ababa, EthiopiaAddis Ababa, EthiopiaFebruary 14-18, 2005February 14-18, 2005

Donald BundyDonald BundyThe World BankThe World Bank

Education and HIV/AIDSEducation and HIV/AIDSsource: UNAIDS

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15

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45

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0-4 5-14 15-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+

Age group

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oup

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Zimbabwe

Tanzania

Malawi

Botswana

Cote d'Ivoire

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0-4 5-14 15-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+

Age group

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Zimbabwe

Tanzania

Malawi

Botswana

Cote d'Ivoire

A WINDOW OFHOPE?

A Social Vaccine?HIV prevalence by education category, Rural Uganda,

1990-2001. Individuals aged 18-29.

De Walque and J Whitworth, MRC Uganda (2002)

HIV/AIDS and Education HIV/AIDS and Education ParadoxParadox

1.1. Education is one of the most effective “social Education is one of the most effective “social vaccines” to prevent HIV/AIDSvaccines” to prevent HIV/AIDS

2. HIV/AIDS destroys education systems2. HIV/AIDS destroys education systems

Key Elements of Education Key Elements of Education Response to HIV/AIDSResponse to HIV/AIDS

Achieve EFA – focus on girls’ educationAchieve EFA – focus on girls’ education

– – focus on vulnerable childrenfocus on vulnerable children Prevention Education – a life skills based approachPrevention Education – a life skills based approach Management & Planning that responds to the impact of Management & Planning that responds to the impact of

AIDSAIDS

– – HIV/AIDS indicators in M&EHIV/AIDS indicators in M&E

– – Projections of impactProjections of impact Work Place Policies – access to VCT, care and treatment Work Place Policies – access to VCT, care and treatment

– – discrimination and stigmatizationdiscrimination and stigmatization

– – zero tolerance of abusezero tolerance of abuse

Education Sector Funding of the Response Education Sector Funding of the Response to HIV/AIDS: to HIV/AIDS: Review of 38 Education projects in Review of 38 Education projects in

Africa Region 1997-2004Africa Region 1997-2004

12/38 (33%) did not mention HIV/AIDS at all12/38 (33%) did not mention HIV/AIDS at all

15/38 (40%) did not include a budget for 15/38 (40%) did not include a budget for HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS

22/38 (58%) did not include detailed plans of the 22/38 (58%) did not include detailed plans of the response to HIV/AIDSresponse to HIV/AIDS

16/38 (42%) specified HIV/AIDS program and 16/38 (42%) specified HIV/AIDS program and budgetbudget

Percent of Bank Education Projects Percent of Bank Education Projects (1997-2004) supporting HIV/AIDS Interventions(1997-2004) supporting HIV/AIDS Interventions

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

EMIS

Tertiary Education

Orphans & OVCs

Treatment/Care/Counsel/Test

Workplace Policy

Teacher Training

Curriculum/Prevention/Awareness

Percent of Total MAP Funds Disbursed Percent of Total MAP Funds Disbursed By Number of Days Since Project By Number of Days Since Project

EffectivenessEffectiveness..

DRAFT: Accelerating the education sector response to HIV/AIDS in Africa. Review of Bank Financing. Author Anne Bakilana 2/4/2005

Nigeria

The Gambia

SenegalMalawi

Mauritania

TanzaniaMozambique

Zambia

Rwanda

Guinea

Burundi

Sierra LeoneBenin

Cape Verde

Madagascar

Cameroon

Uganda Eritrea

Kenya

Ethiopia

Ghana

Burkina Faso

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

40 90 140 190 240 290 340 390 440 490 540 590 640 690 740 790 840 890 940 990 1040 1090 1140 1190

Days since Project became Effective

% D

isbu

rsed

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of M

arch

26,

200

4

Allocation of MAP Resources to the Allocation of MAP Resources to the Education Sector HIV/AIDS Response Education Sector HIV/AIDS Response

(August 2004)(August 2004)

13/22 (60%) of NACs did not disburse to 13/22 (60%) of NACs did not disburse to educationeducation

9/22 (40%) of NACs disbursed >1% to education9/22 (40%) of NACs disbursed >1% to education

4/22 (18%) of NACs disbursed >5% to education4/22 (18%) of NACs disbursed >5% to education

Reported Constraints on Reported Constraints on Education Funding by MAP Education Funding by MAP

Weak commitment and insufficient capacity of MOEWeak commitment and insufficient capacity of MOE

NACs/NASs may not fully recognize the role of the NACs/NASs may not fully recognize the role of the education sectoreducation sector

In 90% of cases, absence of an education sector strategy In 90% of cases, absence of an education sector strategy for HIV/AIDS prior to MAP effectivenessfor HIV/AIDS prior to MAP effectiveness

No education specialist was involved in MAP No education specialist was involved in MAP preparationpreparation

Relationship between MAP and Relationship between MAP and Education FundingEducation Funding

All 9 countries where the education response is All 9 countries where the education response is funded by the MAP are also funded by funded by the MAP are also funded by education resourceseducation resources

At least 7 countries have education sector plans At least 7 countries have education sector plans and resources for HIV/AIDS, but no MAP and resources for HIV/AIDS, but no MAP fundingfunding

No country has an education sector response to No country has an education sector response to HIV/AIDS initiated and funded by the MAPHIV/AIDS initiated and funded by the MAP

Key Correlates with an Effective Key Correlates with an Effective Education Sector Response:Education Sector Response:

A mix of resources – education sector, MAP, A mix of resources – education sector, MAP, other NAC resourcesother NAC resources

A strong education sector planA strong education sector plan Strong coordination between the NAC and the Strong coordination between the NAC and the

education sector teamseducation sector teams Participate in the UNAIDS effort to “Accelerate Participate in the UNAIDS effort to “Accelerate

the Education Sector Response to HIV/AIDS”the Education Sector Response to HIV/AIDS”

Key Messages Going ForwardKey Messages Going Forward

The World Bank needs motivated and The World Bank needs motivated and knowledgeable task team leadersknowledgeable task team leaders

The NAC teams need to be more pro-active The NAC teams need to be more pro-active and focused on a multi-sectoral approachand focused on a multi-sectoral approach

The education sector needs to take a strong The education sector needs to take a strong lead in developing effective responses to lead in developing effective responses to HIV/AIDS, using MAP funds and participating HIV/AIDS, using MAP funds and participating in the UNAIDS “Accelerate” programin the UNAIDS “Accelerate” program

UNAIDS InterAgency Task Team UNAIDS InterAgency Task Team on Education (IATT) on Education (IATT)

Accelerating the Education Sector Accelerating the Education Sector Response to Response to

HIV/AIDS in AfricaHIV/AIDS in Africa

Share information and build capacityShare information and build capacity Strengthen stakeholder coordinationStrengthen stakeholder coordination Build networksBuild networks Develop effective education sector plansDevelop effective education sector plans

Development Partners Development Partners includeinclude::

UN System:UN System: UNESCO, UNAIDS, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, ILO, WFP, UNESCO, UNAIDS, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, ILO, WFP,

WHO, World Bank…WHO, World Bank…

Bilateral donors: Bilateral donors: UK, USA, Norway, Canada, Ireland…UK, USA, Norway, Canada, Ireland…

Civil Society: Civil Society: Association for the Development of Education in Africa, Association for the Development of Education in Africa, Mobile Task Team, Mobile Task Team,

EducationEducation International – teacher unions, International – teacher unions,

Partnership for Child Development …Partnership for Child Development …

Accelerating the Education Sector Response to HIV/AIDS in AfricaAccélérer la Réponse du Secteur de L’éducation au VIH/SIDA en Afrique

UNAIDS InterAgency Task Team on EducationONUSIDA L’équipe Inter-agences pour L’éducation

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