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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 7, JulyAvailable online at ISSN Print: 0976 © IAEME

CI ENGINE FUELLED WIOLIVE OIL METHYL EST

ABSTRACTThe need for the development of alternative fuels is a high priority in the current

era because of extreme global warming effects, high pollution rates, effect of human health etc. Considering these factors into account an attempt has been made to investiginvestigate varying loads when fuelled with the blends of olive oil Methyl Esters (OME) and diesel. The effect (BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Exhaust gas temperature and Exhaust emissions by operating the engine with different blends of fuel (B0, B20, B40, B60)of B20, B40 and B60 at full loadswhich are very close to that of the Brake Thermal Efficiency obtained with Diesel alone. This is due to better combwas contents were found to be slightly more for blends compared to diesel at all loads. This was due to the increase in the rate of performance and ecalculated and compared with the dKey words:Emissions; PerformanceCite this ArticleExperimEster and Diesel8(7), 2017, pp. 1http://www.i

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 7, JulyAvailable online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMEISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

© IAEME Publication

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTICI ENGINE FUELLED WI

OLIVE OIL METHYL ESTS.

ABSTRACT The need for the development of alternative fuels is a high priority in the current

era because of extreme global warming effects, high pollution rates, effect of human health etc. Considering these factors into account an attempt has been made to investigate on aninvestigate the varying loads when fuelled with the blends of olive oil Methyl Esters (OME) and diesel. The effect (BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Exhaust gas temperature and Exhaust emissions by operating the engine with different blends of fuel (B0, B20, B40, B60). Experimental resultof B20, B40 and B60 at full loadswhich are very close to that of the Brake Thermal Efficiency obtained with Diesel alone. This is due to better combwas less for all contents were found to be slightly more for blends compared to diesel at all loads. This was due to the increase in the rate of performance and ecalculated and compared with the dKey words: OME (Olive oil Methyl Esters); Thermal efEmissions; PerformanceCite this ArticleExperimental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel8(7), 2017, pp. 1http://www.iaeme.com/IJME

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, pp.

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Publication

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTICI ENGINE FUELLED WI

OLIVE OIL METHYL ESTS. Navya Sree,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, MLR Insti

The need for the development of alternative fuels is a high priority in the current era because of extreme global warming effects, high pollution rates, effect of human health etc. Considering these factors into account an attempt has been made to

ate on an unconventional fuel the experimental performance and emission characteristics of CI engine at

varying loads when fuelled with the blends of olive oil Methyl Esters (OME) and diesel. The effect of varying load(BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Exhaust gas temperature and Exhaust emissions by operating the engine with different blends of fuel (B0, B20, B40,

Experimental results showed that when the engine was operated with the blends of B20, B40 and B60 at full loadswhich are very close to that of the Brake Thermal Efficiency obtained with Diesel alone. This is due to better comb

all the blends B20, B40 and B60contents were found to be slightly more for blends compared to diesel at all loads. This was due to the presence of intrinsic oxygen in the fuel blends, there was an increase in the rate of combustion which increases the iperformance and emission characteristics of various calculated and compared with the d

OME (Olive oil Methyl Esters); Thermal efEmissions; Performance. Cite this Article: S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumolu

ental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology8(7), 2017, pp. 125–132.

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)2017, pp. 125–132, Article ID: IJM

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Scopus Indexed

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTICI ENGINE FUELLED WI

OLIVE OIL METHYL ESTNavya Sree, K. Sandeep

Department of Mechanical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology

The need for the development of alternative fuels is a high priority in the current era because of extreme global warming effects, high pollution rates, effect of human health etc. Considering these factors into account an attempt has been made to

unconventional fuel experimental performance and emission characteristics of CI engine at

varying loads when fuelled with the blends of olive oil Methyl Esters (OME) and of varying loads was evaluated in terms of Brake Thermal Efficiency

(BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Exhaust gas temperature and Exhaust emissions by operating the engine with different blends of fuel (B0, B20, B40,

s showed that when the engine was operated with the blends of B20, B40 and B60 at full loads, the engine produced Brake Thermal Efficiencies which are very close to that of the Brake Thermal Efficiency obtained with Diesel alone. This is due to better combustion of fuel

the blends B20, B40 and B60contents were found to be slightly more for blends compared to diesel at all loads.

presence of intrinsic oxygen in the fuel blends, there was an combustion which increases the i

mission characteristics of various calculated and compared with the diesel

OME (Olive oil Methyl Esters); Thermal ef

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumoluental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology

aeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&

asp 125

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Article ID: IJM

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Indexed

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTICI ENGINE FUELLED WITH

OLIVE OIL METHYL ESTSandeep Kumar,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, ute of Technology

The need for the development of alternative fuels is a high priority in the current era because of extreme global warming effects, high pollution rates, effect of human health etc. Considering these factors into account an attempt has been made to

unconventional fuel using olive oil.experimental performance and emission characteristics of CI engine at

varying loads when fuelled with the blends of olive oil Methyl Esters (OME) and was evaluated in terms of Brake Thermal Efficiency

(BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Exhaust gas temperature and Exhaust emissions by operating the engine with different blends of fuel (B0, B20, B40,

s showed that when the engine was operated with the blends , the engine produced Brake Thermal Efficiencies

which are very close to that of the Brake Thermal Efficiency obtained with Diesel ustion of fuel.

the blends B20, B40 and B60contents were found to be slightly more for blends compared to diesel at all loads.

presence of intrinsic oxygen in the fuel blends, there was an combustion which increases the i

mission characteristics of various iesel.

OME (Olive oil Methyl Esters); Thermal ef

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumoluental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology

asp?JType=IJMET&

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Article ID: IJMET_08_07_015

asp?JType=IJME

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON TH THE BLENDS OF

OLIVE OIL METHYL ESTER AND DIESELKumar, EC Prasad

Department of Mechanical Engineering, ute of Technology, Hyderabad,

The need for the development of alternative fuels is a high priority in the current era because of extreme global warming effects, high pollution rates, effect of human health etc. Considering these factors into account an attempt has been made to

using olive oil. experimental performance and emission characteristics of CI engine at

varying loads when fuelled with the blends of olive oil Methyl Esters (OME) and was evaluated in terms of Brake Thermal Efficiency

(BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Exhaust gas temperature and Exhaust emissions by operating the engine with different blends of fuel (B0, B20, B40,

s showed that when the engine was operated with the blends , the engine produced Brake Thermal Efficiencies

which are very close to that of the Brake Thermal Efficiency obtained with Diesel Particularly at full load CO emission

the blends B20, B40 and B60 when compared to dieselcontents were found to be slightly more for blends compared to diesel at all loads.

presence of intrinsic oxygen in the fuel blends, there was an combustion which increases the in

mission characteristics of various blend

OME (Olive oil Methyl Esters); Thermal ef

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumoluental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology

asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=7

editor@iaeme.com

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) 07_015

asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=7

GATION ON THE BLENDS OF

ER AND DIESELPrasad Nidumolu

Department of Mechanical Engineering, , Hyderabad, India

The need for the development of alternative fuels is a high priority in the current era because of extreme global warming effects, high pollution rates, effect of human health etc. Considering these factors into account an attempt has been made to

The present workexperimental performance and emission characteristics of CI engine at

varying loads when fuelled with the blends of olive oil Methyl Esters (OME) and was evaluated in terms of Brake Thermal Efficiency

(BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Exhaust gas temperature and Exhaust emissions by operating the engine with different blends of fuel (B0, B20, B40,

s showed that when the engine was operated with the blends , the engine produced Brake Thermal Efficiencies

which are very close to that of the Brake Thermal Efficiency obtained with Diesel Particularly at full load CO emission when compared to diesel

contents were found to be slightly more for blends compared to diesel at all loads. presence of intrinsic oxygen in the fuel blends, there was an

cylinder temperature.blends of

OME (Olive oil Methyl Esters); Thermal efficiency; Vegetable oil;

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumoluental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology

VType=8&IType=7

editor@iaeme.com

T&VType=8&IType=7

GATION ON THE BLENDS OF

ER AND DIESELNidumolu

The need for the development of alternative fuels is a high priority in the current era because of extreme global warming effects, high pollution rates, effect of human health etc. Considering these factors into account an attempt has been made to

present work is to experimental performance and emission characteristics of CI engine at

varying loads when fuelled with the blends of olive oil Methyl Esters (OME) and was evaluated in terms of Brake Thermal Efficiency

(BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Exhaust gas temperature and Exhaust emissions by operating the engine with different blends of fuel (B0, B20, B40,

s showed that when the engine was operated with the blends , the engine produced Brake Thermal Efficiencies

which are very close to that of the Brake Thermal Efficiency obtained with Diesel Particularly at full load CO emission when compared to diesel. The NO

contents were found to be slightly more for blends compared to diesel at all loads. presence of intrinsic oxygen in the fuel blends, there was an

cylinder temperature. olive oil w

ficiency; Vegetable oil;

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumoluental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology

VType=8&IType=7

editor@iaeme.com

T&VType=8&IType=7

GATION ON THE BLENDS OF

ER AND DIESEL

The need for the development of alternative fuels is a high priority in the current era because of extreme global warming effects, high pollution rates, effect of human health etc. Considering these factors into account an attempt has been made to

is to experimental performance and emission characteristics of CI engine at

varying loads when fuelled with the blends of olive oil Methyl Esters (OME) and was evaluated in terms of Brake Thermal Efficiency

(BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Exhaust gas temperature and Exhaust emissions by operating the engine with different blends of fuel (B0, B20, B40,

s showed that when the engine was operated with the blends , the engine produced Brake Thermal Efficiencies

which are very close to that of the Brake Thermal Efficiency obtained with Diesel Particularly at full load CO emission

The NOX contents were found to be slightly more for blends compared to diesel at all loads.

presence of intrinsic oxygen in the fuel blends, there was an cylinder temperature. The

olive oil were

ficiency; Vegetable oil;

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumolu. ental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology,

Experimental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel

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1. INTRODUCTION Vegetable oil based fuels are non-toxic, biodegradable and significantly reduce pollution. They offer the advantage of being able to be readily used in existing diesel engines without modifications as their properties can be brought closer to diesel .They have a reasonably high cetane number. The flash point of vegetable oils is high and hence it is safe to use them. Vegetable oils typically have large molecules, with the fuel, but differ in the type of linkage of the chains and have a higher molecular mass and viscosity. The presence of oxygen in vegetable oils raises the air-fuel ratio. Vegetable oils are also free from sulfur and heavy metals compared to fossil fuels . The heating value is lower at approximately 90% of diesel fuel. This property leads to an increase in the work that is necessary to spray vegetable oils in diesel engines therefore makes it difficult to break them up into fine droplets. The carbon residue of vegetable oils is higher than that of diesel, which leads to a smoky exhaust in a diesel engine. Vegetable oils do not add any extra carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere, as opposed to fossil fuels, which are causing changes in the atmosphere. High winds, rising sea levels, droughts are a few of the probable results of continued burning of fossil fuels. The present work is intended to convert raw Olive oil to Methyl esters of olive oil by transesterification process.

I.Lopez[1] investigated the effect of the use of olive–pomace oil biodiesel/diesel fuel blends in a compression ignition engine. olive–pomace oil methyl ester blended with diesel fuel, was evaluated as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine Perkins AD 3-152 and compared to the use of fossil diesel fuel. It was found that the tested fuels offer similar performance parameters. When straight biodiesel was used instead of diesel fuel, maximum engine power decreased to 5.6%, while fuel consumption increased up to 7%.

K. Sandeep Kumar[2] investigated the performance and emission analysis of Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) blended with diesel along with additive of diethyl ether in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Results shown that there is rise in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) with rise in percentage of MOME in biodiesel blend when compared to diesel, but Break thermal efficiency (BTE) is slightly increases with increase in percentage of MOME in biodiesel blend. The emissions of CO, NOX and HC were reduced with increase in percentage of MOME in biodiesel blend, but CO2 emissions were increased.

EC Prasad Nidumolu[3] investigated performance and emission analysis of Palm oil methyl ester (PME) blended with diesel in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Results shown that thermal efficiencies of all blends of PME is closer to diesel efficiency with lower emissions of CO,HC.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS.

2.1. Materials In the present study non edible oil namely Olive oil is chosen for experimentation on Single Cylinder Direct Injection Diesel Engine. Olive oil is collected from local oil supplier and Methanol and KOH were purchased from Local chemical store in Hyderabad.

2.2. Production and characterization of biodiesel Transesterification of OME was done using Methanol in presence of KOH as catalyst to chemically break the molecule of raw Olive oil into methyl esters of Olive oil with glycerol as by product. The various compositions of OME Biodiesel is shown in Table 1.

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The properties of bio diesel blends were evaluated experimentally and compared with that of base diesel. Various compositio

2.3. Experimental setupThe setup as consists of Single Cylinder Four Stroke diesel engine connected to swinging field Dynamometer shown as shown in Fig.1. It is provided with necessary instruments for Combustion Pressure, CrankMeasurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through high speed data acquisition device. The set up has standManometer, Fuel Measuring Unit, transmitter for Air and Fuel Flow measurements, PrIndicator and Piezo Powering Unit. Rota meter are provided for cooling water and Calorimeter Water Flow measurement. Lab view based engine performance analysis software package “EngineMN-0 was used fo3.

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The properties of bio diesel blends were evaluated experimentally and compared with that of base diesel. Various compositio

Experimental setupThe setup as consists of Single Cylinder Four Stroke diesel engine connected to swinging field Dynamometer shown as shown in Fig.1. It is provided with necessary instruments for Combustion Pressure, Crank

easurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through high speed data acquisition device. The set up has standManometer, Fuel Measuring Unit, transmitter for Air and Fuel Flow measurements, PrIndicator and Piezo Powering Unit. Rota meter are provided for cooling water and Calorimeter Water Flow measurement. Lab view based engine performance analysis software package “Engine Soft” is used for on

0 was used for

Figure 1

Fuel

Diesel B20 B40 B60

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumolu

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Table 1

S.No. 1 2 3 4

The properties of bio diesel blends were evaluated experimentally and compared with that of base diesel. Various compositio

Table 2

Experimental setup The setup as consists of Single Cylinder Four Stroke diesel engine connected to swinging field Dynamometer shown as shown in Fig.1. It is provided with necessary instruments for Combustion Pressure, Crank

easurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through high speed data acquisition device. The set up has standManometer, Fuel Measuring Unit, transmitter for Air and Fuel Flow measurements, PrIndicator and Piezo Powering Unit. Rota meter are provided for cooling water and Calorimeter Water Flow measurement. Lab view based engine performance analysis software

Soft” is used for onr engine exhaust measurement. Specifications of engine are shown in Table

Figure 1 4-stroke single cylinder water cooled diesel engine setup

Flash point(◦c)

60 72 98

130

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumolu

IJMET/index.asp

Table 1 Composition of PME Bio diesel

The properties of bio diesel blends were evaluated experimentally and compared with that of base diesel. Various compositions of blends and properties of O

Table 2 Properties for olive oil

The setup as consists of Single Cylinder Four Stroke diesel engine connected to swinging field Dynamometer shown as shown in Fig.1. It is provided with necessary instruments for Combustion Pressure, Crank-Angle, Air Flow, Fuel Flow, Temperatures and Load

easurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through high speed data acquisition device. The set up has stand-alone panel box consisting of Air Box, Twin Fuel Tank, Manometer, Fuel Measuring Unit, transmitter for Air and Fuel Flow measurements, PrIndicator and Piezo Powering Unit. Rota meter are provided for cooling water and Calorimeter Water Flow measurement. Lab view based engine performance analysis software

Soft” is used for on-line performance evaluation. Multi gas analyengine exhaust measurement. Specifications of engine are shown in Table

stroke single cylinder water cooled diesel engine setup

lash point Fire point(◦c)

65 85 109 139

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumolu

asp 127

Composition of PME Bio diesel

Diesel 100 80 60 40

The properties of bio diesel blends were evaluated experimentally and compared with that ns of blends and properties of O

Properties for olive oil

The setup as consists of Single Cylinder Four Stroke diesel engine connected to swinging field Dynamometer shown as shown in Fig.1. It is provided with necessary instruments for

Angle, Air Flow, Fuel Flow, Temperatures and Load easurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through high speed data acquisition

alone panel box consisting of Air Box, Twin Fuel Tank, Manometer, Fuel Measuring Unit, transmitter for Air and Fuel Flow measurements, PrIndicator and Piezo Powering Unit. Rota meter are provided for cooling water and Calorimeter Water Flow measurement. Lab view based engine performance analysis software

line performance evaluation. Multi gas analyengine exhaust measurement. Specifications of engine are shown in Table

stroke single cylinder water cooled diesel engine setup

point

Kinematic viscosity

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumolu

Composition of PME Bio diesel

Olive

The properties of bio diesel blends were evaluated experimentally and compared with that ns of blends and properties of O

Properties for olive oil methyl e

The setup as consists of Single Cylinder Four Stroke diesel engine connected to swinging field Dynamometer shown as shown in Fig.1. It is provided with necessary instruments for

Angle, Air Flow, Fuel Flow, Temperatures and Load easurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through high speed data acquisition

alone panel box consisting of Air Box, Twin Fuel Tank, Manometer, Fuel Measuring Unit, transmitter for Air and Fuel Flow measurements, PrIndicator and Piezo Powering Unit. Rota meter are provided for cooling water and Calorimeter Water Flow measurement. Lab view based engine performance analysis software

line performance evaluation. Multi gas analyengine exhaust measurement. Specifications of engine are shown in Table

stroke single cylinder water cooled diesel engine setup

inematic viscosity (cst)

2.28 3.004 3.728 4.452

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumolu

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Composition of PME Bio diesel

Olive Oil 0 20 40 60

The properties of bio diesel blends were evaluated experimentally and compared with that ns of blends and properties of OME are shown in T

ester

The setup as consists of Single Cylinder Four Stroke diesel engine connected to swinging field Dynamometer shown as shown in Fig.1. It is provided with necessary instruments for

Angle, Air Flow, Fuel Flow, Temperatures and Load easurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through high speed data acquisition

alone panel box consisting of Air Box, Twin Fuel Tank, Manometer, Fuel Measuring Unit, transmitter for Air and Fuel Flow measurements, PrIndicator and Piezo Powering Unit. Rota meter are provided for cooling water and Calorimeter Water Flow measurement. Lab view based engine performance analysis software

line performance evaluation. Multi gas analyengine exhaust measurement. Specifications of engine are shown in Table

stroke single cylinder water cooled diesel engine setup

inematic viscosity Calorific value

(kj/kg-k44000 42960 41920 40880

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumolu

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The properties of bio diesel blends were evaluated experimentally and compared with that shown in Table

The setup as consists of Single Cylinder Four Stroke diesel engine connected to swinging field Dynamometer shown as shown in Fig.1. It is provided with necessary instruments for

Angle, Air Flow, Fuel Flow, Temperatures and Load easurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through high speed data acquisition

alone panel box consisting of Air Box, Twin Fuel Tank, Manometer, Fuel Measuring Unit, transmitter for Air and Fuel Flow measurements, PrIndicator and Piezo Powering Unit. Rota meter are provided for cooling water and Calorimeter Water Flow measurement. Lab view based engine performance analysis software

line performance evaluation. Multi gas analyzer Model engine exhaust measurement. Specifications of engine are shown in Table

stroke single cylinder water cooled diesel engine setup

alorific

k)

Density(gm/cc

0.832 0.8421 0.8522 0.8623

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The properties of bio diesel blends were evaluated experimentally and compared with that able 2.

The setup as consists of Single Cylinder Four Stroke diesel engine connected to swinging field Dynamometer shown as shown in Fig.1. It is provided with necessary instruments for

Angle, Air Flow, Fuel Flow, Temperatures and Load easurements. These signals are interfaced to computer through high speed data acquisition

alone panel box consisting of Air Box, Twin Fuel Tank, Manometer, Fuel Measuring Unit, transmitter for Air and Fuel Flow measurements, Process Indicator and Piezo Powering Unit. Rota meter are provided for cooling water and Calorimeter Water Flow measurement. Lab view based engine performance analysis software

zer Model engine exhaust measurement. Specifications of engine are shown in Table

ensity gm/cc)

0.8421 0.8522 0.8623

Experimental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel

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Table 3 Engine Specifications

Engine Type 4-Stroke, single cylinder diesel engine Make Kirloskar Maximum Brake Power 5HP Rated speed 1500RPM Bore (D) 80mm Stroke (L) 110mm Compression Ratio 16:1 Loading Electrical loading by varying voltage Dynamometer : swinging field dynamometer Cooling : water cooling Starting : By hand crank

2.4. Experimental Procedure The engine performance test was conducted on single cylinder, four-stroke, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, 3.7 kW output power with computerized diesel test rig. The engine was directly coupled to a swinging field dynamometer as shown in the Fig 1 and the engine characteristics are cited in specifications of engine. For every fuel change the fuel line was purged out of the residual fuel. The engine is made to run under full load for at least 30 min to stabilize on new fuel conditions. Test-rig was provided with necessary equipment and instruments for recording the air flow, fuel flow, temperatures and load measurements. The fuel level and lubrications oil levels are checked and three way cocks is opened so that the fuel flows to the engine. The cooling water is supplied to the engine cooling water jacket. The electrical power is supplied to the panel instrumentation. The engine is unloaded by supplying 0 amp current to the electrical dynamometer. The engine is started by manual crank. The readings to be noted are: Load acting (in terms of voltage), time taken for 20 grams fuel consumption in seconds (t), manometer reading (cm), Inlet & Exhaust temperature of air, water inlet and outlet temperature, emission values ( CO,CO2,HC,NOX). The experiment is repeated for different loads by changing the current and voltage.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The optimum blend ratio is determined on the basis of Brake specific fuel consumption, Brake thermal efficiency, HC, CO, CO2, and NOx. For optimization, experiments were conducted using diesel and the various ester blends. The blend ratios were in steps of 20 percent up to maximum of 60 percent.

3.1. Brake Thermal Efficiency

Figure 2 BTE Vs BP

05

101520253035

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

BTE

(%)

BP (kW)

DIESELB20B40B60

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumolu

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The variation of brake thermal efficiency of the engine with various blends is shown in Fig 2 and compared with brake thermal efficiency obtained with diesel. Among the blends B20 is found to have the maximum thermal efficiency of 30.12% at brake power 1.88 KW while for diesel it was 31.3% and for B60 it is decreased to 27.9%. It was observed that brake thermal efficiencies of all the blends were found to be lower than diesel at all load levels. The variation is significant particularly at higher loads. The decrease in brake thermal efficiency with increase in olive oil concentration is due to the poor mixing and evaporation of the blends due to their higher viscosity.

3.2. Specific Fuel Consumption

Figure 3 BSFC Vs BP

The variation of the brake specific fuel consumption of diesel and various blends of Olive oil methyl ester and diesel at different loads is shown in Fig 3. The specific fuel consumption is 0.304, 0.327 and 0.382 kg/kW-h for the blends B20, B40 and B60 respectively at full load while for diesel it is 0.26 kg/kW-h at full load. The specific fuel consumption increases with increasing concentration of olive oil in the blend. This is because of the combined effects of lower heating value and higher fuel flow rate due to high density of blends. Higher proportions of olive oil in the blends increase the viscosity which in turn increased the fuel consumption due to poor atomization of the fuel.

3.3. Carbon Monoxide Emission

Figure 4 CO Vs BP

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

BSFC

(kg/

kWh)

BP (kW)

DIESELB20B40B60

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

CO

(%)

BP (kW)

DIESELB20B40B60

Experimental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel

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The variation of carbon monoxide emission of the engine with various blends is shown in Fig 4 and compared with that of diesel. The CO emission for B20, B40 and B60 is 0.02%, 0.012% and 0.007% respectively at full load while for diesel it is 0.025%. The CO emissions decrease with increasing in the blend due to intrinsic oxygen content in the OME. It is observed that the CO emission of B60 is lower compared to other blends.

3.4. Carbon-Dioxide Emission

Figure 5 CO2 Vs BP

The Fig 5 shows the emission levels of CO2 for various blends and diesel. The CO2 for B20, B40 and B60 were found to be 3.8%, 5.38% and 6.25% respectively at full load while for diesel it is 3%. The carbon dioxide emission decreases with increase in bend. Since Olive oil is an oxygenated fuel, it improves combustion efficiency and hence increases the concentration of CO2 in exhaust.

3.5. Hydro Carbon Emission

Figure 6 HC Vs BP

The comparison of HC emission for different biodiesel blends and diesel is shown in Fig 6. Hydrocarbon present in the fuel is burned inside the engine cylinder in the presence of oxygen. The amount of hydrocarbon, which is not taking part in the combustion reaction, is likely to come out as unburned hydrocarbon. In the case of OME, the oxygen present in the

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

CO

2(%

)

BP (kW)

DIESELB20B40B60

10152025303540455055

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

HC

(ppm

)

BP (kW)

DIESELB20B40B60

S. Navya Sree, K. Sandeep Kumar, EC Prasad Nidumolu

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structure helps in better combustion and hence HC emission is less than that of diesel. The HC emissions reduce as percentage biodiesel increases in the blends.

3.6. Oxides of Nitrogen Emission

Figure 7 NOx Vs BP

The comparison of NOx emissions for neat diesel and blends of Olive oil is shown in graph Fig7. Oxides of nitrogen are formed inside the engine due to high flame temperature, peak pressure inside the cylinder, nitrogen content of the parent fuel, and the residence time of fuel inside the combustion chamber. As olive oil methyl ester is a vegetable-derived fuel, it has negligible nitrogen content and around higher oxygen content leads to better combustion, which in turn yields higher NOx formation. Another factor that influences is the injection timing and thereby NOx emission is relatively higher for biodiesel fuel. As the density of biodiesel is higher than that of diesel, it advances the injection time thus allowing the mixture more time in high-temperature region. Therefore, an increase in NOx emission is seen for biodiesel fuel when compared to neat diesel. The maximum NOx emission found for pure biodiesel sample is about 480 ppm and minimum for B20 blend is about 310 ppm.

4. CONCLUSIONS Based on the performance and emission parameters B20 has good BTE and CO2 Emission, NOX & HC emissions were at acceptable range. The Brake thermal efficiency value at maximum brake power for this optimum blend was 30.2% compared to 31.3% for base diesel. For the optimum blend, brake specific fuel consumption was 0.3 kg/kW-h. The CO emissions decreased with increasing in the blending ratio of olive oil with diesel and this is due to oxygen content present in the fuel. The CO2 emissions increased with increased blending ratio of olive oil to diesel because of complete combustion quality in olive oil biodiesel. HC has been decreased with increasing the load for all blends. Olive oil is an oxygenated fuel which gives good combustion efficiency. NOX emission has increased with increasing the load this is due to the excess amount of oxygen supplied causes the higher NOX formation.

REFERENCES [1] I. López a, C.E. Quintana b, J.J. Ruiz c, F. Cruz-Peragón d, M.P. Doradoc, Effect of the

use of Olive–Pomace oil biodiesel/diesel fuel blends in a compression ignition engine: Preliminary exergy analysis ,Energy Conversion and Management 2014: 85: 227–233.

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Experimental Investigation on CI Engine Fuelled with the Blends of Olive Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel

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