International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 4, Issue 3, 2017 176 Available online at www.ijiere.com International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering e-ISSN: 2394 - 3343 p-ISSN: 2394 - 5494 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE USING PUMICE AGGREGATE A.Suba lakshmi 1 , S.Karthick 2 , Gasper Helden 3 , M.Dinesh Boopathi 4 , V.Balaji Pandian 5 Assistant Professor, Sethu Institute of Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu and India 1 UG Students, Sethu Institute of Technology,Virudhunagar,Tamilnadu and India 2,3,4,5. ABSTRACT: The project study with the special concrete such as light weight concrete by using pumice aggregate (natural aggregate) [3] .One of the disadvantages of conventional concrete having high self weight. This heavy self-weight will make it to some extent an uneconomical structural material [2] . Light weight concrete having low density, reduction of dead load and to increase the thermal insulation [4] . The reduction in density produced by using it as a replacement of coarse aggregate partially in concrete [6] . In this Study an attempt has been made to compare the conventional concrete and light weight aggregate concrete using mix M30 with poly carboxyl ether admixture [3] . Light weight concrete is made by Partial replacement of Coarse Aggregate with different ratios of Pumice ranging from 20%, 50%, 80% and 100% [7] . This project is focused to determine the compression strength and split tensile strength parameters of light weight aggregate concrete to find the favorable replacement with the above mentioned replacements. The results are compared with conventional concrete [8] . Keywords: light weight concrete, pumice Aggregate, Poly carboxyl Ether, Natural Aggregate I. INTRODUCTION In concrete preparation coarse aggregate is the cheaper material as compared to cement and maximum economy is obtained by using as much aggregate as possible. Aggregates also improve the volume stability and the durability of the resulting concrete. A good aggregate should produce the desired properties in both the fresh and hardened concrete. Concrete is very variable material having a wide range of strength and the constituent materials are cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Based on research using pumice stone as replacement material. Pumice is a natural aggregate of volcanic origin produced by the release of gases during the solidification of lava.. The cellular structure of pumice is created by the formation of bubbles or air voids when gases contained in the molten lava flowing from volcanoes become trapped on cooling. Replacing pumice stone with coarse aggregate is said to be structural lightweight concrete solves to reduce the self weight of building. One of the most advantages of pumice aggregate concrete has low density of concrete. Pumice stone is lightweight aggregate of low specific gravity. Its water absorption is as higher than normal coarse aggregate, because it is highly porous material while comparing coarse aggregate. We use Pumice as coarse aggregate by replacing it and sand as fine aggregate. Pumice is a colour less or light grey coloured coarse aggregate, which floats on water. The density of pumice is 0.25 g/cm3. Pumice aggregate has thermal inslusion and has low specific gravity [6]. A) OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF CONCRETE To determine whether pumice stone light weight concrete can be used as a structural concrete. To determine the compressive strength and split tensile strength of light weight concrete having density below 1800kg/m 3 . To study the effect of various types replacements (20%,50%,80%,100%) of natural aggregate by light weight aggregate(pumice) and conventional concrete on 7, 28 days compressive strength. It helps in reduction of dead load; increase the progress of building and lower haulage and handling costs. The weight of building on the foundation is an important factor in design particularly in the case of weak soil and tall structure. In order to decrease the self weight of building.
Transcript
International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering
Volume 4, Issue 3, 2017
176
Available online at www.ijiere.com
International Journal of Innovative and Emerging
Research in Engineering e-ISSN: 2394 - 3343 p-ISSN: 2394 - 5494
Assistant Professor, Sethu Institute of Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu and India 1
UG Students, Sethu Institute of Technology,Virudhunagar,Tamilnadu and India2,3,4,5.
ABSTRACT:
The project study with the special concrete such as light weight concrete by using pumice aggregate (natural
aggregate)[3].One of the disadvantages of conventional concrete having high self weight. This heavy self-weight
will make it to some extent an uneconomical structural material [2]. Light weight concrete having low density,
reduction of dead load and to increase the thermal insulation[4]. The reduction in density produced by using it as
a replacement of coarse aggregate partially in concrete[6]. In this Study an attempt has been made to compare
the conventional concrete and light weight aggregate concrete using mix M30 with poly carboxyl ether
admixture [3]. Light weight concrete is made by Partial replacement of Coarse Aggregate with different ratios of
Pumice ranging from 20%, 50%, 80% and 100%[7]. This project is focused to determine the compression
strength and split tensile strength parameters of light weight aggregate concrete to find the favorable
replacement with the above mentioned replacements. The results are compared with conventional concrete[8]. Keywords: light weight concrete, pumice Aggregate, Poly carboxyl Ether, Natural Aggregate
I. INTRODUCTION
In concrete preparation coarse aggregate is the cheaper material as compared to cement and maximum
economy is obtained by using as much aggregate as possible. Aggregates also improve the volume stability and the
durability of the resulting concrete. A good aggregate should produce the desired properties in both the fresh and
hardened concrete. Concrete is very variable material having a wide range of strength and the constituent materials are
cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Based on research using pumice stone as replacement material.
Pumice is a natural aggregate of volcanic origin produced by the release of gases during the solidification of lava.. The
cellular structure of pumice is created by the formation of bubbles or air voids when gases contained in the molten lava
flowing from volcanoes become trapped on cooling. Replacing pumice stone with coarse aggregate is said to be
structural lightweight concrete solves to reduce the self weight of building. One of the most advantages of pumice
aggregate concrete has low density of concrete. Pumice stone is lightweight aggregate of low specific gravity. Its water
absorption is as higher than normal coarse aggregate, because it is highly porous material while comparing coarse
aggregate. We use Pumice as coarse aggregate by replacing it and sand as fine aggregate. Pumice is a colour less or light
grey coloured coarse aggregate, which floats on water. The density of pumice is 0.25 g/cm3. Pumice aggregate has
thermal inslusion and has low specific gravity [6].
A) OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF CONCRETE
To determine whether pumice stone light weight concrete can be used as a structural concrete.
To determine the compressive strength and split tensile strength of light weight concrete having density
below 1800kg/m3.
To study the effect of various types replacements (20%,50%,80%,100%) of natural aggregate by light
weight aggregate(pumice) and conventional concrete on 7, 28 days compressive strength.
It helps in reduction of dead load; increase the progress of building and lower haulage and handling
costs.
The weight of building on the foundation is an important factor in design particularly in the case of
weak soil and tall structure.
In order to decrease the self weight of building.
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177
II. METHODOLOGY
Literature reviews related to the pumice stone were collected and based on the literature survey preliminary works were
performed. Works like collection of pumice stone was performed. Materials required for concrete such as coarse
aggregate, fine aggregate, cement were collected. Basic tests were conducted on fine aggregate, coarse aggregate,
cement, pumice stone check their suitability concrete making. The properties of find and coarse aggregates sieve analysis
of fine and coarse aggregates, tests on cement are found out. The Study aims to investigate the strength related properties
of concrete of M30 grade. The proportions of ingredients of the control concrete of grade M30 had determined by mix
design as per IS code. Moulds were prepared to cast he specimen. Mould of size 150*150*150mm and cylinder mould
150*300mm were cast with desired of partially replacement (20%, 50%, 80%, 100%) of coarse aggregate. Casted
Samples were tested after 7days and 28 days of curing Compressive strength and split tensile strength test was performed
using casted concrete. Results were obtained and conclusion was arrived.
III. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
A) MATERIALS
CEMENT
The cement used in this experimental investigation was 43 grade OPC manufactured by Ultra-tech cements. The basic
properties were evaluated and the specific gravity of cement 3.15, intial and final setting time is 40 mins and 595 mins.
FINE AGGREGATE
Fine aggregate is sieved using 4.75mm sieve to remove the pebbles. Specific gravity of fine aggregate is 2.60 and its
fineness modulus is 2.78. It confirms zone II of IS 383-1970 requirements as shown in fig 1[7].
Fig 1. Fine Aggregate
COARSE AGGREGATE
Crushed granite aggregate with specific gravity of 2.74 and retained through 20mm sieve and will be used for casting all
Samples [3]. Its fineness modulus is 7 and water absorption of coarse aggregate is 4.4% as shown in fig 2.
Fig 2.coarse aggregate
B) PUMICE AGGREGATE
Pumice stone is a natural lightweight aggregate which is formed by the sudden cooling of molten volcanic matter.
Pumice is formed during the volcanic eruption of viscous magma, mostly siliceous and rich in dissolved volatile
constituents, especially water vapour as shown in fig 3.Their treatment is only via mechanical handling, crushing and
screening. Larger volume of concrete can be handled by lighter Equipment with less wear and tear on the equipment.
Light Weight Pumice concrete also reduces the live load of formwork and false work [8]. When compare the water
absorption coarse aggregate to pumice aggregate is greater 4.4% < 11.1%.water absorption of pumice aggregate is more
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than normal aggregate as shown in table 1. Hence, before using of pumice aggregate, soak in water for 24 hrs. Specific
Gravity of pumice Aggregate =0.90.
Table 1. Water Absorption of coarse and pumice aggregate
SL.NO Determination no Coarse aggregate Pumice aggregate
1 Weight of saturated
surface-dried sample(a)g
107 50
2 Weight of oven-dried
sample(b)g
102 45
3 Water absorption % 4.4 11.1
Fig 3. Pumice Aggregate
C) POLY CARBOXYL ETHER
The new generation of this kind of admixture is represented by poly carboxyl ether based super plasticizer (PCES).
With a relatively low dosage (0.3% - 1.5% by cement weight) they allow a water reduction up to 40%, due to their
chemical structure which enables good particle dispersion. Specific gravity of poly carboxyl ether is 1.08.
IV. DESIGN MIX
A) MIX DESIGN
In the present study, M30 grade with nominal mix as per IS 456-2000 and IS 10262:2009 was used. Concrete mix
proportion by weight for 1m3 and water cement ratio of 0.42. Gives the mix used for study [8]. Density of light weight
concrete 1500 kg/m3 and Density of normal concrete 2400 kg/m3 [9].as shown in table 2.
Mix proportion
Table 2.mix proportion
Mix Id Proportion
(C:FA:CA:PA)
Cement
(kg/m3)
Fine aggregate
(kg/m3)
Coarse aggregate
(kg/m3)
Pumice
aggregate
(kg/m3)
P 0% 1:2.18:3.86:0 335 733 1295 0
P 20% 1:2.18:3.09:0.25 335 733 1036 85.08
P 50% 1:2.18:1.93:0.63 335 733 647.5 212.7
P 80% 1:2.18:0.77:1.01 335 733 259 340.32
P 100% 1:2.18:0:1.26 335 733 0 425.4
B) PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS
Compressive strength was found out using cubes of standard size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm. Totally 30 cubes were
cast with 6 cubes for each mix ratio. Out of 30 cubes were used to find the compressive strength. After casting process,
the specimens were kept for 24 hours and then remoulded. They were curing for 7 days and 28 days. Similarly the split
tensile strength Compressive test carried for cylinder of size 150mm x 300mm.as shown in fig 4.
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Fig 4.casting cubes and cylinders
V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Compressive strength is the maximum stress a material can sustain under pushing, crushing force. It is
determined by the shattering fracture of the material under these forces. For this test the specimens of size 150 mm x 150
mm x 150 mm is used. The compressive strength is the ratio of the maximum load to the surface area of the concrete
cube. Three cubes were tested for each mix ratio and the average of three specimens is taken as the compressive strength
it was tested by compression testing machine of capacity 2000 kN [9]. The light weight concrete were tested for
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compressive strength at the age of 7 day and 28 day. The specimens were subjected to a compressive force at the rate of
132kN per minute. Fig shows the concrete cube under test and the concrete cube specimens, respectively. The maximum
load at failure was taken as shown in fig 5. The average compressive strength of concrete specimens was calculated by
using the following equation as shown in table3.
Calculation:
Area of the specimen= 22500 mm2
Maximum load applied=_________KN
Ultimate compressive load (N) =
Compressive strength (N/mm2)
= -----------------------------------------------
Cross section area of specimen (mm2)
= ---------------------KN
Fig 5.Compression test
Fig 6.weight of light weight concrete and conventional concrete
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Table 3.compression test at 7 and 28 days
Mix Id Compression strength
at 7 days
Compression strength
at 28 days
P0% 25.1 34
P20% 15.5 25
P50% 20.1 30.6
P80% 12.2 21.5
P100% 8.8 16.5
Fig 7.graph –compression strength test at 7 and 28 days
B) SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
Concrete cylinders of size 150 mm diameter and 300mm length were cast with incorporating copper slag as partial
replacement of sand and cement. During casting, the cylinders were mechanically vibrated using a table vibrator. After
24 hours, the specimens were de-moulded and subjected to curing for 7 days, &28 days in portable water. After curing,
the cylindrical specimens were tested for split tensile strength using compression testing machine of 2000kN capacity [9].
The ultimate load was taken and the average split tensile strength was calculated using the equation as shown in table 4.
Split tensile strength (N/mm2) = 2 P/pi L D
The split tensile strength test was carried out as per IS 5819: 1999. Cylindrical concrete specimens 150 mm in diameter
and 300 mm in height were cast. The specimens were tested for split tensile strength using universal testing machine at
the age of 7 and 28 days [9].
Fig 8.Split Tensile Strength
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Table 4.Split tensile strength at 7 and 28 days
Mix Id Split tensile strength
at 7 days
Split tensile strength
at 28 days
P0% 2.56 3.78
P20% 1.63 2.80
P50% 2.21 3.17
P80% 2.01 2.36
P100% 1.21 2.08
Fig 9.Tested specimen
Fig 10.graph –Split Tensil Strength test at 7 and 28 days
VI. CONCLUSION
Based on the experimental investigations concerning the compressive strength and split tensile strength of
concrete, the observations and the following conclusions are drawn from the present study.
Compression and split tensile strength value is compared to normal concrete and replacement of Coarse
aggregate by Pumice from different percentages (20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%).
Concrete with 50% replacement of pumice the strength is comparable with normal concrete.
Maximum value of strength is obtained in 50% replacement of Pumice with coarse aggregate.
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Result has to be noted that, light weight concrete having density 1500kg/m3 and conventional concrete
2400kg/m3.
The increasing percentage of pumice stones will show negative impact on strength of concrete (strength
decreases).
Generally Pumice stone absorbs more water compared to the nominal coarse aggregate, to overcome this
problem additional usage of super plasticizes is added.
The 20%, 80% and 100% replacement of normal aggregate with pumice aggregate gives least compressive
strength with more reduction in weight of concrete.
Hence forth, 50% of replacement can be effectively used for structural purpose. Replacement of (20%, 80% and
100%) can only be used for non structural purpose.
VII. References
[1] Lakshmi kumar minapu, M K M V Ratnam, Dr. U Rangaraju “Experimental study on light weight aggregatee
concrete with pumice stone ,silica fume and fly ash as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate” ijirset, vol 3,
issue 12,2013.
[2] Sk.Mohammed rafi,b.Ambala “Analytical study on special concrete with M20 & M25 grades for
construction”ijcet, issue2,pg.338,2014.
[3] Roshan Peter1* and A. Anantha Kumar2 “ Experimental Investigation Of Floating Concrete Structure Using
