Experimental Research Experimental Research DesignsDesigns

Dr. Brij Kishore PrasadAssociate Professor (HOD)

Institute of Professional Studies(IPS), Gwalior

Experimental Research Experimental Research DesignsDesigns

Experimental Research Designs is the blue print of procedure which enables the researcher to test hypothesis by reaching valid conclusions about relationship between dependent and independent variables.

The selection of the design is based on the purpose of experiment, the type of variable and the condition or delimitations.

Experimental Research Designs is subdivided into Four (4) categories mainly:

1. Pre Experimental Research Design (Single Time Testing)

2. True Experimental Research Design (Experimental and control group selected

randomly)

3. Quasi Experimental Research Design (Groups are not selected randomly)

4. Misc Experimental Research Design

Classification of Experimental Research Classification of Experimental Research Designs Designs

S. No

Pre ERD True ERD Quasi ERD Misc ERD

1. One Short

(One Group)

Randomised Group Design (Two or more Groups)

Reverse Design

(One Group)

FactorialDesign

(Two or more Groups)

2. One Group Pre-Post Test

(One Group)

Pre Post test Randomised Design

(Two or more Groups)

Time Series Design

(One Group)

Latin Square Design

(Two or more Groups)

3. Static Group Pre-Post Test

(Two Group)

Soloman 3 or 4 Group Design

(3-4 Group)

Non Equivalent Design

(Two or more Groups)

Nil

Pre Experimental Research Pre Experimental Research Designs Designs

One or Single ERD(Single Group)

The One-Shot is a design in which a group of subjects are administered a treatment and then measured (or observed).

Design:

Treatment – Post Test

(G – T – O)

Pre Experimental Research Pre Experimental Research Designs Designs

Single/One Group Pre Post Test ERD(Single Group)

In this design, single group is used its pre-test is measured and then treatment is given and finally post test is done to collect the final data.

Design:

Pre Test - Treatment - Post Test

(G – Opre – T – Opost)

Pre Experimental Research Pre Experimental Research Designs Designs

Static Group ERD(Two Groups)

In this design, two different groups are used, but only one of them is given the experimental treatment and at the end both groups post test is taken.

Design:

Experimental Group : Treatment – Post Test

(G – Opre – T – Opost)

Control Group: No Treatment – Post Test

(G – X – Opost)

True Experimental Research Designs True Experimental Research Designs Randomised Group ERD(Two or more Groups)

This design is similar to the Static Group design except than an attempt is made to selected two or more groups randomly using different random sampling technique. Only experimental groups is given treatment and at the end all the groups post test is done. Their may be more than one experimental as well as control group.

Design:

Experimental Group 1: Random Group - Treatment One– Post Test (RG – T1 – Opost)Experimental Group 2: Random group - Treatment Two– Post Test

(RG – T2 – Opost)Control Group1: No Treatment – Post Test

(RG – X – Opost) Control Group2: No Treatment – Post Test

(RG – X – Opost)

True Experimental Research True Experimental Research Designs Designs

Pre Post test Randomised ERD(Two or more Groups)

This design adds a pre-test to the previous design (Random Group design) as a check on the degree of comparability of the control and experimental groups before the treatment is given.

Design:

Experimental Group : Random Group - Pre Test --Treatment – Post Test

(RG – Opre -- T – Opost)Control Group : Random Group - Pre Test -- No Treatment – Post Test

(RG – Opre --X – Opost)

Pre Post test Randomised ERD(Two or more Groups)

True Experimental Research True Experimental Research Designs Designs

Soloman 3/4 ERD(Two or more Groups)

This type of design is used on large population only. The groups are randomly divided followed by the pre test which is followed by the treatment and the final test.This can also includes post test only or pre test post test random design both depending upon the situation separately or simultaneously.The comparison will be made between the group vertically in case of pre test and post.

Design:

Experimental Group 1: Random Group - Pre Test --Treatment – Post Test (RG – Opre -- T1 – Opost)Experimental Group 2: Random Group - Pre Test --Treatment – Post Test (RG – Opre -- T2 – Opost)Control Group 1: Random Group – No Pre Test -- Treatment – Post Test (RG – X -- T – Opost)Control Group 2: Random Group – No Treatment -- No Treatment – Post Test (RG – X -- X – Opost)

Quasi Experimental Research Designs Quasi Experimental Research Designs Reverse Design ERD

(One Group)

This is the variation of single group design but more than one treatment is given to the group. An initial test is taken followed by the application of treatment 1 which is followed by re test followed by application of treatment 2 and then final test.

Design

Experimental Group : Group - Pre Test --Treatment – Post Test

(G – O1 -- T1 – O2 – T2 – O3 )

Quasi Experimental Research Quasi Experimental Research Designs Designs

Time Series Design(One Groups)

In this design only one group is evolved but many observations will be recorded to see the effect of treatment or change due to the treatment. Many test are taken followed by a treatment which is again followed by many post tests.  Design:

Experimental Group:

Group - Pre Test 1 – Pre Test 2 – Pre Test 3 --Treatment – Post Test1 – Post Test 2 – Post Test 3.

(G – Opre1 -- Opre2 -- Opre3--T – Opost1 -- Opost2 – Opost3)

Quasi Experimental Research Quasi Experimental Research Designs Designs

Non Equivalent Design(Two or more Groups)

It is structured like a pre post test randomized experiment, but it lacks the key feature of the random selection of group.

Design:

Experimental Group : Group - Pre Test --Treatment – Post Test (G – Opre -- T – Opost)

Control Group : Group - Pre Test -- No Treatment – Post Test (G – X -- T – Opost)

Other Experimental Research Other Experimental Research Designs Designs

Factorial ERD(Two or more Groups)

A factorial design is often used by scientists wishing to understand the effect of two or more independent variables upon a single dependent variable.

Design:

Experimental Group 1 : Random Group - --Treatment 1,1 – Post Test (RG – T1, 1 – Opost)Experimental Group 2 : Random Group - --Treatment 1, 2 – Post Test (RG – T1, 2 – Opost)Experimental Group 3 : Random Group - --Treatment 2,1 – Post Test (RG – T2, 1 – Opost)Experimental Group 4 : Random Group - --Treatment 2, 2 – Post Test (RG – T2, 2 – Opost)

Other Experimental Research Other Experimental Research Designs Designs

Latin square ERD(Two or more Groups)

A researcher may wish to use several different treatments in the same experiment, for example the relative effects of an assortment of perhaps three or more drugs in combination in which the sequence of administration may produce different results.

Design:

Row I A B C DRow II C D A BRow III D C B ARow IV B A D C Column 1 2 3 4

Other Experimental Research Other Experimental Research Designs Designs

Latin square ERD(Two or more Groups)

3X3 Square 

 

A diagram of a three treatment Latin Square design is: RG--TA—O1--TB—O2--TC--O3RG--TB—O1--TC—O2--TA--O3RG--TC—O1--TA—O2--TB--O3

RowsColumns A B C

B C A

C A B

Thank YouThank You

Dr. Brij Kishore PrasadAssociate Professor (HOD)

Institute of Professional Studies(IPS), Gwalior