Experimental, technological and computational capabilities of RFNC-VNIITF for potential

collaboration in the frame of ISTC Targeted Initiative

G.N.Rykovanov, M.N.Chizhkov, A.V.Potapov, Yu.N.Dolinsky, A.F.Ivanov

Russian Federal Nuclear Center – Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF) Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk region, Russia

29 of Sept, ICUIL-2010, ISTC Special Section, Watkins Glen, NY

Contents

1. Development of high power laser systems at RFNC-VNIITF.

2. Vacuum-technological system for laser fusion facility and investigations of first-wall reactor materials.

3.3. Review of RFNC-VNIITF Review of RFNC-VNIITF theoretical works on the ICF problem.theoretical works on the ICF problem.

RFNC-VNIITF – ICUIL 2010

Part 1. Development of high power laser systems

RFNC-VNIITF - HiPER 2010

SOKOL-P 20 TW CPAphosphate Nd : glass

Our perspectives: 2012 - 100 TW & 1020 W/cm2

2015 - 1 PW & 1021 W/cm2

Е=15 J, =0.7-0.8 psImax=31019 W/cm2

1 shot/2 hour

Laser pulse contrast

KI = IOUT/IPP > 1011

KASE = EOUT/EASE = 106

EASE < 10 J (t 0.7 ms)

Laser acceleration of ions from ultrathin foils: max energy of protons 10 MeV, efficiency – 1-2 %.

Realization of circular polarization

INTRINSIC FEATURE of all CPA lasers – Output Radiation Linear polarized E oscillates in horizontal plane (as usual)

Transmitting optics (birefringent crystals) has too many limitations:

Dispersion, B-integral; Strong dependence of phase shift on , true zero order (low order) /4 wave plates strongly preferable; Limited apertures for commercially available wave plates (15…30 mm)

Reflective optics has more preferences

Reflective optics is desirable.

RFNC-VNIITF - HiPER 2010

METAL COATED MIRRORS

Metal coated mirror

φ – the angle of incidence – azimuthal angle

For metals: n’ = n·(1 - i·æ) between ErS & ErP it appears aphase shift .

Optical properties of Ag, Cu, Au @ 1055 nm (http://refractiveindex.info).

OPTICAL LAYOUT

The main condition: azimuthal angle is determined by (EP)out = (ES)out

tg() = (|rP|/|rS|)k, k – the number of metal mirrors.

Au coating is the most preferable:- chemically stable in atmosphere;

- high damage threshold ~ 1 J/cm2 @ 10 ns;- has an acceptable reflectivity at > 700 nm;- gives one of the greatest values of phase shift δ.

Metal mirrors with multilayer dielectric coating

For Ti:Sa (800 nm):

For Nd:glass (1055 nm): φ = 50º 43.9º δ 60º, a/b 1.7

δ 80º, a/b 1.19φ = 50º 43.6º

Coated metallic mirrors For Nd:glass lasers can be used in asingle-mirror scheme:

The combination of metal and multilayer dielectric coating may provide much more sufficient phase shift between P & S components.Not acceptable for fs lasers!

Test mirrormanufactured in VNIITF provides 90.Large mirrors – NPO “LUCH”

RFNC-VNIITF activity in the field of Nd:YAG RFNC-VNIITF activity in the field of Nd:YAG lasers with diode pumpinglasers with diode pumping

We developed a series of Nd:YAG lasers with diode pumping:

• Storage energy in active element up to 20 J• Pulse duration from 1 ns to 1 s• Pulse repetition rate up to 100 Hz

Part 2: Vacuum-technological system (VTS) of laser fusion facilities (LF)

Conceptual design of the vacuum-technological equipment was developed by RFNC-VNIITF in collaboration with RF research institutes specializing in the thermonuclear fusion area with the financial support of ISTC.

VTS is intended for:- maintenance of vacuum in the facility chamber;- recycling of reaction products and fuel mixture residues;- tritium production;- preparation of fuel mixture;- targets manufacture;- targets transportation to the chamber.

Necessity for the top-priority designing of VTS is conditioned by some operational characteristics and parameters being of critical importance:

1. Tritium production rate2. Total amount of tritium in VTS equipment3. Tritium leakage into the environment.

TECHNIQUES APPLIED AT RFNC-VNIITF (SNEZHINSK)

TECHNIQUES OF QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS:• weighing• mass spectrometric analysis• measuring of volumes and pressures• gas radiometry with proportional counters and ionization chambers• liquid-scintillation radiometry

TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING PARAMETERS OF THE THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTION:• studying tritium penetration• measuring equilibrium pressures of dissociation• thermal desorption• autoradiography

Techniques applied at RFNC-VNIITF enable studies of tritium in gases, liquids and solids.

Investigation of materials – candidates for

fusion reactor first wall

Tritium interaction with the structural materials

EXAMINED MATERIALS: metals Ni, Cu, Beaustenitic steels SS316L, 12Х18Н10Т, Х16Н15М3Тmartensitic steels MANET, F82H, etc.alloys V-10Cr-10Ti, V-4Cr-4Ti, CuAl15(Glidcop alloys)

GOALS OF THE STUDY: determine amount of tritium dissolved in the materials

measure surface β–activity of the materials after the contact with tritium-containing gases

determine coefficients of diffusion, penetration and solubility for heavy hydrogen isotopes

determine residual contamination of the materials with tritium after the thermal vacuum annealing

identify structural elements responsible for tritium confinement in the materials

RFNC-VNIITF has studied materials proposed as basic for the first wall of thermonuclear reactors and tritium-using equipment.

PENETRATING FLUX VERSUS TIME (tritium through steel SS316L, Т=931К, р=1190Pa)

PENETRATION COEFFICIENT OF DEUTERIUM AND TRITIUM VERSUS TEMPERATURE

DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF DEUTERIUM AND TRITIUM VERSUS TEMPERATURE

SOLUBILITY OF DEUTERIUM AND TRITIUM IN

STEEL SS316L VERSUS TEMPERATURE

STUDY OF STEELS WITH THE METHOD OF PENETRABILITY

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8

1000/Т, K-1

lgP

, mo

l m-1s

-1P

a-1/2

- Х16Н15М3T - T

-12Х18Н10T - D

- SS316L - T

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8

1000/T, K-1

lgD

, m2/s

- Х16Н15М3Т - T

- 12Х18Н10Т - D

- SS316L - T

-6,4

-6,3

-6,2

-6,1

-6

-5,9

0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8

1000/T, K-1

lgK

s, m

ol m

-3P

a-1/2

- SS316L - D

- SS316L - T

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 200 400 600 800

Time, s

Trit

ium

flow

, arb

.un.

S

L

p

JР max

63,0

2

6

LD

D

PK S

penetration

diffusion

solubility

Steel structure after hardening at Т=1323К (electron microscopy)

Steel structure after long-term ageing (electron microscopy)

Autoradiogram of tritium distribution in the steel after hardening at Т=1323К

Autoradiogram of tritium distribution in the aged steel

STUDY OF STEEL Cr16Ni15Mo3Ti (Fe -16%Cr -15%Ni-3%Mo-1%Ti)

EraEra Tigr-OmegaTigr-Omega SinaraSinara

Number of Dimension 1D 2D 2D

Two-temperature Model for e and i

+ + -

Radiation Transport spectral kinetic

effective temperature

spectral kinetic

Thermal Conductivity e,i e,i e

Turbulent Mixing + + -

Fusion Reactions + Products Transport

+ + +

Laser Absorption + +/- +

Fast electrons + - -

Part 3. RFNC-VNIITF theoretical works in ICF fieldPart 3. RFNC-VNIITF theoretical works in ICF field

Computer codes for ICF target simulationComputer codes for ICF target simulation

Simulation of the rugby-shaped hohlraumSimulation of the rugby-shaped hohlraum

Hohlraum geometry Spatial grid and irradiation scheme

Total laser power

0 5 10 15 200,00

0,25

0,50

t (ns)

without shields with shields

Inner cone energy fraction

Presented at IFSA-2009. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010.

Results of the Sinara code calculationsResults of the Sinara code calculations

0 5 10 15 20-10

-5

0

5

10 without shields with shields

2 (%

)

t (ns)

X-ray radiation temperature Second harmonic

Fourth harmonicMaterial distribution

Indirectly-driven targets for ISKRA-6 facilityIndirectly-driven targets for ISKRA-6 facility

Targets Single-shell Double-shell

Radiation temperature (eV) 360 200

Absorbed energy (kJ) 31 60

Implosion velocity (km/s) 400 250

Peak ion temperature (keV) 40 36

Peak fuel density (g/cc) 700 250

Fuel burnout (%) 19 36

Thermonuclear yield (MJ) 1.7 0.28

Neutrons yield (1017) 6 1

Laser energy (kJ) 300 (=10%)

300 (=20%)

0 5 10

100

200

300

400

t (ns)

A.V.Andriyash et al. Lasers and HEDP at VNIITF. Physics – Uspekhi, 2006.

Results of Tigr-Omega calculation of Results of Tigr-Omega calculation of double-shell ignition targetdouble-shell ignition target

20

0 020 20

Density Temperature

Non-cryogenic double-shell indirectly-driven target

Maximal compression Peak burning

1D Yield = 300 kJ at Еabs = 60 kJ

0 40 0 (nm)

1

0.5

DT Au CH Be

881

t = 0 – roughness of Be

RBe = R0 + 0 sin(k) R0 = 881 m k = 12

742

187

162

YoC

M.N.Chizhkov et al. LPB, 2005.

Calculation with large deformations of the Calculation with large deformations of the double-shells NIF target by TIGR-3T codedouble-shells NIF target by TIGR-3T code..

12.95 ns 13 ns 13.05 ns

Contours of concentrations

10-3%1%50%99%

Velocity field

2D Hybrid Code PICNIC2D Hybrid Code PICNIC

2D 3P ( 3 components of velocities and fields)

PIC for fast particles

MHD + PIC for thermal (fluid) particles

Monte Carlo for binary collisions and collisional ionization as well as for field ionization (FI)

Fokker-Plank equation for exchange the data between fast and thermal particles (every time step)

Radiation transport agreed with the matter ionization

Combined coefficient for electron-phonon and electron-ion collisions

Wide range conductivity (dielectric permittivity)

Code features:-Parallel-Implicit solution of electromagnetic field-Block AMR

PICNIC simulationsPICNIC simulations

I.V.Glazyrin, E.V.Grabovskii, et.al. “Measuring of magnetic fields inside plasma of compressed lasers under ~1 TW/cm2 intensities”, Physics of Plasmas, in press.

Z - pinch Turbulent mixingUltra short laser interaction with matter

A.G.Mordovanakis, I.Glazyrin, et al., “Quasimonoenergetic electron beams with relativistic energies and ultrashort duration from laser-solid interactions at 0.5 kHz”, Nature, in press.

M.I.Avramenko, I.V.Glazyrin et al. “2D numerical simulation of shock wave interaction with turbulized layer on MUT installation”, 14th international conference “Methods of aerophysical research”, 2008, Novosibirsk.

Thanks for your attention!