EXPERMENTAL STUDY ON SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE … · The Mix Design for self - compacting concrete...

EXPERMENTAL STUDY ON SELF COMPACTING

CONCRETE USING INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Vishal Raval1, HarshalPatel

2, Parth Tilala

3, Vipin Prajapati

4

Student, Civil Engineering, Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam, Gujarat, India.

Corresponding Author Detail:

Vishal Raval

Student, Civil department,

Laxmi institute of Technology,

Sarigam-Valsad, Gujarat.

Internal Guide Detail:

Nikita Patel

Assistant Professor, Civil department,

Laxmi institute of Technology,

Sarigam-Valsad. Gujarat.

ABSTRACT - Self compacting concrete (SCC) is a high performance concrete that can flow

under its own weight to completely fill the formwork and self-consolidates without any

mechanical vibration. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) has gained a wide use for placement

in congested reinforcement concrete structures where casting condition are difficult and in

high rise buildings where pump ability properties are required. The project aim is to use of

marble powder as an industrial waste and Fly ash as a pozzolana material. The established

benefits substitution marble powder and fly ash by cement to make concrete as economic by

the use of less cement. The main objective of the project to carry out an experimental

investigation to study the properties of SCC, by partially replacing cement with certain

percentage of Fly ash and Marble powder and understand the effect on fresh property, Harden

property and Durability and also investigate the compatibility of marble powders in SCC

along with chemical admixture such as super plasticizers. The Mix Design for self -

compacting concrete M30 grade is being done as per the Indian Standard Code IS: 10262-

1982.

KEYWORD: Self–compacting concrete, Marble Powder, Fly Ash, Mix design.

INTRODUCTION

SCC has been considered as a great development in construction since it’s first developed in

japan. The high fluidity is main property of SCC so that it can be placed under its self-Weight

without vibration. In order to obtain SCC of high flowability without segregation or bleeding

during the transportation or placing, the use of high powder content, super plasticizers and

viscosity modifying admixtures seems a good solution. However, the cost of such concrete is

significantly higher. The use of mineral additives such as silica fumes (SFs), Fly ash (FA)

and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) could reduce material cost and enhance

the self-compatibility. Several studies have shown that natural pozzolana have been widely

used as a substitute for Portland cement in many applications because of its advantageous

properties which include cost-reduction, reduction in heat evolution, decreased permeability

and increased chemical resistance. Marble powder (MP) which is an inert material obtained

as an industrial by-product during sawing, shaping, and polishing of marble has also

successfully been used as an addition in SCC . Marble powder used as mineral addition of

cement is reported to improve some properties of fresh and hardened self-compacting

concrete (SCC).

International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering (IJSRE) Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017

IJSRE Vol. 1 (3), March, 2017 www.ijsre.in Page 262

RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE

This paper describes a procedure specifically developed to achieve SCC, using mineral

admixture like Fly ash and Marble Powder as a partial replacing material for cement. In

addition, the test results for acceptance characteristics for SCC such as Workability

characteristics (Slump flow, J-ring and L-Box), Mechanical characteristics (Compressive,

Split Tensile,).

The Materials used in the research are:

1. Cement

Cement paste is the binder in SCC that holds the aggregate (coarse, fine, admixtures) together

and reacts with mineral materials in hardened mass. The property of SCC depends on the

quantities and the quality of its constituents. In this present work, Ordinary Portland Cement

of 53 ultratech conforming to IS: 12269-1987 has been used and tested for their properties,

presented in Table 1.

No Properties Results IS:12269 -1987

1 Standard Consistency 28% ---

2 Fineness % (retained on

90µ sieve)

4.3% ≤ 10%

3 Initial setting time (min) 76 ≥ 30

4 Final setting time (min) 210 ≤ 600

5 Specific gravity 3.15 ---

6 Compressive

Strength

(N/mm2)

7 days 45 ≥ 37

28 days 65 ≥ 53

Table 1: Properties of Cement

2. Fine Aggregate

In this investigation fine aggregate used is 4.75 mm down, are tested as per IS: 2386,

presented in Table 2.



No Properties Results

1 Type Manufactured

2 Specific Gravity 2.70

3 Water Absorption NIL

4 Moisture Content 1.5%

5 Fineness Modulus 2.61

6 Grading Zone Zone III

Table 2: Properties of Fine Aggregate

3. Coarse Aggregate

Coarse aggregate crushed granite of 20mm maximum size and retained on IS 4.75 sieve has

been used, obtained from the local market in are tested as per IS: 2386, presented in Table 3.

Table 3: Properties of Coarse Aggregates

4. Mineral Admixtures

a) Fly Ash

Fly ash, known also as pulverized–fuel ash, is the ash precipitated electro-statically from the

exhaust fumes of coalfired power stations, and is the most common artificial pozzolana.

In this investigation work, the fly ash used is obtained from Dharampur. Specific gravity is

2.20. Chemical composition is given in Table 4.

Table 4: Chemical composition of Fly Ash

No Properties Results

1 Specific Gravity 2.78

2 Water Absorption 0.5%

3 Moisture content NIL

4 Fines Modules 7.10

No Parameter Quantity (% wt)

1 Silicon Dioxide(SiO2) 62.63

2 Alumina(Al2O3) 23.35

3 Iron oxide(Fe2O3) 3.93

4 Calcium oxide (CaO) 2.04

5 Magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.46

6 Sulfur tri oxide (SO3) 1.34

7 Sodium oxide (Na2O) 0.032

8 Potassium oxide (K2O) 0.030

9 Loss On Ignition % by mass 0.39



b) Marble Powder

The advancement of concrete technology can reduce the consumption of natural resource and

energy source and lessen the burden of pollution on environment .Presently Large amounts of

marble dust are generated in natural stone processing plants with an important impact on

environment and humans. This project describes the feasibility of using the marble dust in

concrete production as partial replacement of cement. In INDIA, the marble and granite stone

processing is one of the most thriving industry the effects if varying marble dust content on

the physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete have been

investigated.

5. Water

The water should be clean and free from harmful impurities.

METHODOLOGY

Experimental investigation is carried out to study the properties of SCC, by partially

replacing cement with certain percentage of fly ash and marble powder. To achieve optimum

SCC mix various trail mix are done by varying cement, coarse and fine aggregate, water and

super plasticizer. Once getting the Optimum Mix Design, totally six mixes are done by

replacing cement with fly ash keeping 25% constant and marble powder added in percentage

by mass of cement as 0,5,10,15,20 and 25%.

Experimental programme are carried out in two phase. In the First Phase, for each mix tests

are conducted to assess fresh Workability properties (Slump flow, J-ring, , L-box test) of

concrete.

In Second Phase, fresh concrete are cast into cubes, cylinders and beams. Specimens are

cured in water till testing for 7, 28 days, than are tested for Mechanical properties

(Compressive strength, Split Tensile strength.

MIX PROPORTION

The portioning of the mix is extremely important in developing an effective SCC. Till date

there is no specific code book for mix design of SCC, but EFNARC provides specification

and guidelines. Using IS method for mix design of SCC.

EFNARC Specification and Guidelines for SCC-2002

Water / Powder ratio by volume of 0.80-1.10

Total powder content of 160-240 lts (400-600 Kg) per cubic meter.

Coarse aggregate content normally 28-35% by volume of the mix.

Typically water content does not exceed 200 lts/m3.

Fresh Properties of SCC

The main characteristic of SCC is its properties in the fresh state. SCC mix design is focused

on the flowing ability, under its own weight without vibration. The ability to flow through

congested reinforcing bars under its own weight. And, the ability to maintain the

homogeneity without segregation of aggregates.



No. Test Permissible Values

Min Max

1 Slump Flow 650 mm 800 mm

2 T50-Slump Flow 2 sec 5 sec

3 V-Funnel 6 sec 12 sec

4 U-Box (H2/H1) 0 mm 30 mm

5 J-Ring 0 mm 10 mm

6 L-Box (H2/H1) 0.8 mm 1.0 mm

I. Casting of Specimens

The mixed concrete is cast into respective moulds. All the Specimens were prepared in

accordance with IS516:1959. After casting, the specimen cubes, cylinder, beams are kept in

water for ambient curing.

II. Curing of Specimens

After completion of the rest period, the specimens were demoulded and the cubes, cylinder,

beams specimens are allowed to get cured for 7 and 28 days.

Mechanical Properties of SCC

To determine the Mechanical properties of concrete, SCC mix are subjected to various test.

1) Compression Test

2) Split Tensile Test

RESULT



MIX DESIGN

FRESH PORPORTIES

Mix Design Proportion M-30

No. Type of Mix

Total

Binder

(kg/cum)

Cement

(kg/cum)

Flyash

(kg/cum)

Marble powder

(kg/cum)

Coarse aggregate

(kg/cum)

Fine aggregate

(kg/cum)

Water

(liter/cum)

S.P.(1.8%)

(kg/cum)

1 M-30(0% MP +

25% FA)

500 375 125 0 714.84 920.32 182 9

2 M-30(5%MP +

25% FA)

500 350 125 25 714.84 920.32 182 9

3 M-30(10%MP +

25% FA)

500 325 125 50 714.84 920.32 182 9

4 M-30(15%MP +

25% FA)

500 300 125 75 714.84 920.32 182 9

5 M-30(20%MP +

25% FA)

500 275 125 100 714.84 920.32 182 9

6 M-30(25%MP +

25% FA)

500 250 125 125 714.84 920.32 182 9

No. Type of Mix Slump (mm T50cm Slump Flow(sec) J-Ring(sec)

L- Box

{h2/h1)

600-850 mm 2-5 sec. 0-10 mm 0.8-1

1 M-30(0% MP + 25% FA) 655 4.4 4.0 0.83

2 M-30(5%MP + 25% FA) 660 4.1 5.2 0.85

3 M-30(10%MP + 25% FA) 673 3.7 7.0 0.89

4 M-30(15%MP + 25% FA) 689 3.5 7.3 0.91

5 M-30(20%MP + 25% FA) 702 3.2 7.7 0.93

6 M-30(25%MP + 25% FA) 710 3.0 7.9 0.94



MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

CONCLUSION

Industrial Waste Are Capable Of Improving The Physical And Chemical Properties Use of

Marble Powder Waste. By Using 10% Marble Powder And 25% Fly Ash Proportion, The

Industrial Waste Has A Higher Compressive Strength And Tensile Strength. By Increasing

The Marble Powder The Result Of Fresh Concrete Increases On The Other Hand The

Strength Of The Concrete Decreases. It Is Not Necessary To Add VMA As Chemical

Admixture.

REFERENCE

1. Ambuja Technical Literature Series No.20 Slump Test, No.24 Durability of Concrete,

No.31 Admixtures- Plasticizers, No. 47 Concrete for the Next Millennium, No.50

Concrete Is 9000 Years Old, No.130 Sustainability-Challenges and Solution.

2. EFNARC. 2002. Specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete. European

Federation of Producers and Applicators of Specialist Products for Structures.

3. IS: 456-2000 Plain and reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice, Fourth Revision, and July-

2010, BIS, New Delhi.

4. IS: 516-1959, “Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete”, Edition 1.2, Reprint-1999,

BIS, New Delhi.

5. 11IS: 10262-1982 Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design, Fifth Reprint, and

March-1998, BIS, New Delhi

6. IS 1199 (1959): Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete [CED 2: Cement and

Concrete]

7. Japan Society of Civil Engineers. 1998. Recommendation for construction of self-

compacting concrete. 417-437.

8. M. S. Shetty, “Concrete Technology” (Theory and Practice), S.Chand & Company

Limited, New Delhi, Seventh Edition, July-2012.

Mix Proportions Compression Strength

(N/mm2)

Split Tensile Strength

(N/mm2)

7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days

M-30(0% MP +

25% FA)

26.75 38.92 2.55 3.94

M-30(5%MP +

25% FA)

27.29 41.80 2.72 4.14

M-30(10%MP +

25% FA)

28.15 42.68 2.78 4.28

M-30(15%MP +

25% FA)

23.47 37.20 2.44 3.71

M-30(20%MP +

25% FA)

21.57 32.69 2.19 3.27

M-30(25%MP +

25% FA)

19.98 30.68 1.98 2.87



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