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Presented bySABANNA, K. METIPG11AGR3020

Seminar - I

EXPERT SYSTEM FOR EFFECTIVE EXTENSION SERVICE

SEMINAR CONTAINS Introduction Expert system – meaning Objectives of developing expert system Advantages of expert system Limitations of expert system Difference between conventional and expert system of extension Difference between cyber extension and expert system Flow of information in expert system Components of expert system Need and application of expert system in agriculture Modules of expert system Benefits of expert system Impact studies Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

EXTENSION SERVICE

- Extension workers

- Extension Teaching Methods

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PERSONAL & GROUP CONTACT IN THE 19TH CENTURY

USE OF PRINT MEDIA IN THE 20TH CENTURY

USE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Poor ratio of SMS

to agents

Lower level of education of

extension agents

Short supplyof extension

agents

More number of farmer per extension

worker

More area to be covered by

agents

Less number of female extension

agents

Human Resource of Extension

Poor transportation facility to agents

Lower pay to extension agents

Less availability of

programme cost

Poor housing to extension

workers

Poor communication facility to agents

Very little expenditure per farmer

Financial Resource of Extension

What should I do?

EXTENSION CLIENT

Market5 km

Land2 acres

Labour5 members

CapitalRs. 5000

PowerPair of bullock

Source of IrrigationPump set

My resources

Which choice is best?

Which choice is income

generating?

Which choice requires less

labour?

Which choice requires less land area ?

Which choice is not much affected by

season?

Which choice requires less

input?

Fisheries

Crops

Fruits

Piggery

Flowers

PoultryDairy

Bee keeping

Magazine

TelevisionExtension worker

Neighbour

News paperFriend

Who will help me in appropriate

decision making?

The answer to all these questions is:

EXPERT SYSTEM OF EXTENSION

Is an intelligent computer program that uses knowledge and inferences procedures to solve problems

( Daniel Hunt,1986 )

EXPERT SYSTEM – MEANING

OBJECTIVES OF DEVELOPING EXPERT SYSTEM

To enhance the performance of agricultural extension personnel and farmer

To make farming more efficient and profitable

To reduce the time required in solving the problems

To maintain the expert system by continuously upgrading the database

CHARACTER OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM

A rich knowledge base

An organization of knowledge that is readily accessible

Expert’s own knowledge and experience

ADVANTAGES OF EXPERT SYSTEM

Solves critical problems by making logical deductions without taking much time

It combines experimental and conventional knowledge with the reasoning skills of specialists

To enhance the performance of average worker to the level of an expert

LIMITATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEM

Expensive computer program

Mostly developed not in regional languages

Requires AC power and internet connection all the time

Complex software requires computer skilled personnel

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND EXPERT SYSTEM OF EXTENSION

Sl.no.

Conventional Extension

Expert System of Extension

1. Universal approachability of same information is a problem

Universal approachability of same information is possible

2. Information is given what ever is available without considering needs and resources

Information is chosen based on their needs and resources

3. No Cost benefit analysis Cost benefit analysis4. Information flow depends

on availability of agentInformation through Cyber Cafe at any place at any time

5. Require users to draw their own conclusion from facts

Conclusion is drawn based on the decision given by the expert 20Bahal et.al.,2004

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CYBER EXTENSION V/S EXPERT SYSTEM

Cyber extension

Extension over the cyber space, the imaginary space behind the inter connected telecommunication and computer-networks, the virtual world

(Mishra,1999)

Expert system

An expert system is simply a computer software programme that mimics the behavior of human experts.

(Ahmed Rafea, 2002)

FLOW OF INFORMATION IN EXPERT SYSTEM

DOMAIN EXPERT

KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERS

END USERS (farmer, extension worker)

COMPONENTS OF EXPERT SYSTEM

NEED OF EXPERT SYSTEM IN EXTENSION

Agricultural technology is constantly changing day by day

To deal with the overgrowing complexities of agricultural technologies

To make efficient and accurate decisions

APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEM IN AGRICULTURE

• Crop production estimates

• Crop selection

• Soil management

• Nutrient management

• Plant diseases and pests management

• Weed management

MODULES OF EXPERT SYSTEM IN AGRICULTURE

Specification field of application

COMAX Integrated crop management in cotton

SOYEX Soybean oil extraction expert system

PLANT/ds Diagnosis of soybean diseases

MAIZE Maize expert system for field crop management

SEMAGI Weed control decision making in sunflowers

SMARTSOY Soybean management alternatives using real time simulation of yield

RICE-CROP Diagnose pest and disease for rice crop and suggest preventive/ curative measures

COTFLEX Cotton crop management coupled with SOYGRO model

CVSES Wheat crop variety selection

MODULES OF EXPERT SYSTEM IN HORTICULTURESPECIFICATION FIELD OF APPLICATION

POMME Pest and insect management in apple

CUPTEX Cucumber expert system

CITEX Citrus expert systemLIMEX A multimedia Expert system for

Lime productionTOMATEX Tomato expert system

MODULES OF EXPERT SYSTEM IN OTHERSSPECIFICATION FIELD OF APPLICATION

GRAIN MARKETING ADVISOR

Determination of grain marketing alternatives

ESIM Expert system for irrigated managementCROPES Multiple crop selectionCROPLOT Determining the suitability of crops to given

plot ETES Estimation method selectionTANKES Tank system operational guidelines real time

operationOASIS Operation of control structures real time

metereologicalEXSYS Drainage diagnosisCUE Crop variety selectionMKBS fertilizer and irrigation applicationsKBS Economic feasibility of irrigation system

selectionCUE Irrigation system selection & canal water

distribution : canal network incorporated

BENEFITS OF EXPERT SYSTEMA. FARMERSMaximization of benefitEfficient use of available resources and infrastructureAwareness of cost benefit ratio before actual adoptionAppropriate Decision makingEncouraging for diversification Encouraging for quality production

B. PRIVATE AGENCIESCreating scope for developing infrastructure Generating Rural Employment

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IMPACT STUDIES

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1. STUDY

Using expert system as a training tool in the agriculture sector in Egypt

(A. Rafea and K. Shaalan 1995)

CUPTEX IRRIGATION RESULTS

Average score

before (%)

Average score after

(%)Enhancem

ent

Percentage of

enhancement

Water qty 38.10 73.60 35.50 93.18

interval 41.90 71.20 29.30 69.93

Average 40.00 72.40 32.40 81.00

2. (Exp) CITEX IRRIGATION RESULTS

AVERAGE SCORE BEFORE (%)

AVERAGE SCORE AFTER (%)

ENHANCEMENT

PERCENTAGE OFENHANCEMENT

Water qty 31.3 67.5 36.2 115.65

Interval 39.7 60.6 20.9 52.64

Average 35.5 64.05 28.55 84.15

Findings

This study suggest that the expert system an effective training tool in agriculture extension programs

Expert system integrated with other information technologies can be used to strengthening the link between research and extension.

Integrating multimedia with expert system for crop production management

3.STUDY

(Rafea et al, 1995)

1991 in Egypt to develop crop management expert system for different crops

CUPTEX ( cucumber expert system) ↓ Fertigation ↓ Plant care ↓ Disorder remediation

(Rafea et al, 1995)

CUPTEX in two research sites has revealed that approximately 26% increase in production

15% decrease in direct cost have been attained

This results show that CUPTEX could pay off approximately 60% of development cost in four months

4. STUDY

An Intelligent front-end for selecting evapo-transpiration estimation methods, computers and electronics in agriculture

(Mohan and Aramugam, 1995)

An intelligent front-end for evapo-transpiration estimation methods

ETES → Evapo-transpiration expert system ↓ based on climate data ↓ used 10 meteorological station located in different climatic

regions ↓ 13 ET estimation methods have been considered in this

expert system ↓ Recommended methods (Mohan and Aramugam, 1995)

ETES also suggests suitable correction factors for

converting the resulting ET values to those of methods

that result in accurate estimation

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CONCLUSION

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