Artificial Intelligence andExpert Systems

By: Kate Festa

How is AI really used?

How can we benefit both todayand in the future?

What are the Strengths and Weaknesses?

Let’s go!

What is Artificial Intelligence?Simple enough?

Rosie can…

Walk

TalkCare for children

CleanThink independently

Use emotion (relatively)

We have ourselves aconundrum…

"The aim of Artificial Intelligence is to create intelligentmachines and through this, to understand the

principles of intelligence. At the moment, we cansettle for creating less stupid machines.”

-John L. Gordon

“Artificial intelligence is that attempt to makecomputers do what they do in movies”

-Astro Teller

Two Distinct Ideas

1. Using computers to simulatehuman mental processes

2. Using computers to think

independently of the waypeople think

So what’s an expert systemanyway?

Applications

Medicine

Chemistry

GeologyMeteorology

ComputerSystems

1. Do not require common sense to solve

2. Are generally well understood

3. Can be described objectively

4. Human expertise is often scarce

5. Expertise is needed in a variety of locations

6. There are considerable advantages in reaching anoverall answer quickly

An analogy

The Knowledge Base: TheLibrary

The Knowledge Engineer: TheReal Brain

The Interference Engine: TheLogic

Human Interference: TheNecessity

Decision Support

Don’t trust a machine to make a full decision?

Can’t remember everything and needa little help?

Want to be reminded of situations toconsider?

…decision support is for you!

Decision Making

Are you unfamiliar with a particular area?

Don’t want to hire a real expert?

Don’t want an industrial disaster?

…a decision making system is for you!

Have smaller decisions to make?

Human or Expert System??

IF the infection is a primary bacteremia

AND the site of the culture is a sterile site

AND the suspected portal of entry is the gastrointestinal tract

THEN there is suggestive evidence (.7) that the infection isbacterioid

Advantages

Permanent expertiseExpertise easily reproduced

Consistent Results

Can hold significant amounts of information

Inexpensive

Consider transactions that humans overlook

Disadvantages

Lack of human common sense

Difficult to promote creative responses

Cannot explain logic

No response

Lack of flexibility

People and Machines

Reliability

Thanks for listening : )