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January | February 2013EXPERT TOPIC - ARCTIC CHAR

The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry

International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies,the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis ofinformation published.Copyright 2013 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any formor by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

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Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth lookat a particular species and how its feed is managed.

ARCTIC CHAR

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1

Iceland

A

rctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is

the most common and wide-

spread salmonid fish in Iceland.Aquacultureofthespeciesbegan

intheearly1900swithattemptstofertilise

andhatcheggs.However,thefirstendeavor

to feed Arctic char did not come until

1961 with the development of small-scale

growing facilities. In the1980s, researchers

discovered that lowoptimum temperature

requirements, madeArctic char a suitable

candidateforfarminginIcelandscoldwaters.

The number of farms increased in the

1990s thanks, in part, to a government

backedbreedingprogrammeinitiatedin1992.

However, the operation was not profitable

andseveral of the countrys 40 farms went

outofbusiness.

The country produced 500 tonnes of

Arctic char in 1995 which had risen to

3,000tonnesin 2009.Production decreased

between 2004-2006 due to bacterialkidney

diseaseandtheprohibitionofdistributionof

eggsandjuvenilesfromsomehatcheries.

In2008,thecountryexported700tonnes

of whole fresh Arctic char, 20 tonnes of

frozenchar,approx.600tonnesoffreshfilletsandabout500 tonnes of frozen fillets. The

export valueamountedto ISK 1,200million

in 2008. The export value of the species

amountedtoISL1,100millionin2008.Most

of the Arctic char produced in Iceland is

exportedtoEuropeandNorthAmerica.

Today,Iceland is the worlds largest pro-

ducer of Arctic char with more than 50

percentofthetotalpopulation.

There are around 15 land-based Arctic

charfarmsinIcelandandoneseacagefarm

inthelagoonLoninKelduhverfionthenorth-

eastcoast.

Production is mainly in land-based farms

usinggroundwater,withsmall-

er farms using geo-

ther mal wat er

to rea ch

optimal growth temperature. Larger opera-

tionsuse high-qualitybrackishwater pumped

directly fromonsite drill holes.This method

hastheadvantageofnaturalfilteringthewater

throughlayersof lava.

More information: http://lf.is/english.htm

January-February 2013 | IttIol AquAFeed | 51

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I

Improvement

by nature

info@sonac.biz

Naturalingredients foraqua feed

Pro-Bind Plus a nutritional, gelatin

based pellet binder, especially for

pelleted (shrimp) feed.

Hydrolyzed feather protein a fish meal alter-

native, especially for carnivorous fish species.

Muco-Pro high contents of natural proteins,

amino acids and peptides.

Gelko a spraydried attractant and binder.

Blood meal and Hemoglobin Powder high protein content

and good digestibility, for better feed conversion.

Visit our booth (Y21)

at the Aquatic during

the VIV Asia in Bangkok

March 13-15

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The tenth of the highly successful series of

symposia that have brought together tilapia

biologists, culturists and other stakeholderswho review the latest discoveries in tilapia

nutrition, physiology, reproductive biology,

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their use in aquaculture.

October 6-10, 2013

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3

Norway,

Sweden &

Iceland

The cold waters of the rural

Northern periphery are well

suited toArctic char aquaculture.

Although annual production is

small,ataround5,000tonnes,interestinthe

speciesisincreasing.

ProfEvaBrnns,professorattheSwedish

University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden,

explainswhy,itisaverypopularspeciesfor

restaurantsandconsumerswithahighervalue

thansalmonandrainbowtrout.Ithasamore

arcticandcleantouch.

Funded by the European RegionalDevelopment Fund within the Northern

Periphery Programme, Sustainable

AquacultureofArcticchar(Northcharr)isa

collaboration between partners in Norway,

Sweden and Iceland. Started in 2007, the

2

Canada

ArcticcharareraisedonacommercialscaleintheYukonTerritory,Manitoba,

Ontario,Quebec,NovaScotia,andPrinceEdwardIsland,Canada.

ResearchintothesuitabilityofArcticcharasafarmedspeciesbeganin

Canadainthelate1970withtheFisheriesandOceansCanada'sFreshwater

InstituteandtheHuntsmanMarineScienceLaboratory,leadingtheway. Inadditionto

theirlowoptimumtemperaturerequirements,itwasexpectedthatArcticcharcouldbe

analternatespeciestoRainbowTrout.

FarmingofArcticcharinCanadahasemergedbeyondthedevelopmentstagebut

productionremainssmall.Farmershavedifficultyselectingcharthatconsistentlyperform

wellbecauseofitscomplexgeneticmakeup.

Arcticchararefednutrient-dense,drypelletswithfishmealandfishoilmakingupthe

majorityofthefeed.Carotenoidsarealsoaddedtofeedstohelpachievethedistinctive

red-pinkflesh.

Thefishareraisedinland-basedsystems.Eggsarehatchedwithinspecialisedhatchery

facilities,wherethefishremainuntiltheyreachapproximately100grams.Althoughthey

takealmostayear toreach100grams,Arcticchar growquicklyduring thegrow-out

phase,reachingmarketweightof1-2.5kginthenextyear.

More information: www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/aquaculturehttp://aquaculture.ca

ImagescourtesyofOddmundGoete

52 | IttIol AquAFeed | January-February 2013

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project aimed to explore the development

of Arctic char aquaculture in the northern

peripheryofEurope.

ProfBrnnssays,theprogrammefocused

oncollectinggeneralinformationaboutArctic

charinallofEurope-bothwildandfarmed

char.Northcharrfocusedonpossibilitiesand

limitationsofthegrowingArcticcharfarming.

Participants in the project were mainly

researchers and stakeholders in established

Arcticcharprojectsandhavetakenpartina

pan-EuropeannetworkonArcticchar.

Northcharr took a holistic approach to

providestakeholdersintheNorthernperiph-

erywith tools to improve thedevelopment

of Arctic char production. There was an

emphasisonusingsustainablefeedingredients

and developing welfare criteria for farming

andslaughter.

The projecthad threekeyaims: toiden-

tify production potential and bottlenecks;

developsolutionsto potentialproblemsand

toprovidethestructuretoenablegrowthand

development.The production potential stage involved

gathering annual informationon production,

production technology, fish stocks, health

status, legislation, production strategies and

staffqualifications.Bottleneckswereclassified

according to country and technology. This

informationwillbeusedtocoordinateR&D

effortsandformthebasisforestablishingbest

practiceprotocolsforthespecies.

Researchershighlightedfivemainproduc-

tionissues:egg survivalandbroodstock, feed

composition, feed delivery, environmental

impact and water treatment. Each problem

wasaddressedindividuallyandsolutionswere

drawn from previous research into brood-

stock handling, feeding practice, optimised

temperature regimes, slaughtering and envi-

ronmental impact. For example, to tackle

feed composition, a test-feeding schedule

fortypicalfarmingconditionswasperformed

usingdifferentdiets.

The researchers tested a Baltic loop.Nutrientswerecollectedfromtheeutrophic

BalticSeathroughmussels,spratandyeastsor

othermicroorganisms,madeintofeedandfed

toArcticcharfarmedinthenutrientdepleted

water reservoirs in northern Sweden. This

product isan exampleofthe Robin Hood

modelwherenutrientsaretakenfromarich

area,inthiscasetheBalticSea,andusedina

poorarea,inthiscaseSwedishlakes.Results

from these small-scale tests found that this

feeding methods works as well as control

diets.

Prof Brnns points out that the study

backs up the idea that the use and reuse

ofproteinsourcesandnutrientshasa posi-

tive impact on ecological footprint, restores

balance in aquatic ecosystem and flow of

nutrients that can compete with present

commercialdietsingrowthperformanceand

price.

Intermsoffuturedevelopment,organisers

willcreateanetworkofinvestors,representa-tives of local communities and aquaculture

experts.Itishopedthispoolofsharedknowl-

edgewill contributeto theestablishmentof

newcompanies.

More information: www.northcharr.eu

"The cold waters of the rural Northern periphery are well suited

to Arctic char aquaculture. Although annual production is small,

at around 5,000 tonnes, interest in the species is increasing"

January-February 2013 | IttIol AquAFeed | 53

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