Expert Workshop on NAMAs: National mitigation planning and

implementation in agriculture

16-17 July 2012 FAO, Rome

Christina Seeberg-Elverfeldt and Lini Wollenberg

FAO

Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture (MICCA) Programme at FAO • Launched January 2010

• Outcome: Developing countries are contributing to climate change mitigation in agriculture by moving towards climate smart agricultural practices

• Knowledge generation

• Synergies and Trade-offs

• Pilot Projects

• Support to UNFCCC and Capacity Development

• Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions and Mitigation Potential in Agriculture

CCAFS Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security Research Program of the CGIAR (CCAFS) • Adaptation, risk management, mitigation and

integrated decision making themes • Partnership of the CGIAR (15 centers) and Earth

Systems Science Program

• Regional focus: E and W, Africa, S. Asia, SE Asia, Lat Am, 30 benchmark sites

Proposed workshop outcomes

• Information for a review of NAMA experiences

• Steps and decision trees for planning and implementing NAMAs

• Enhanced knowledge on tools and resources

• Action steps for effective NAMA planning

• Research and capacity development needs

Workshop Purpose: Support the development of national mitigation planning to advance climate smart agriculture

Objectives

Advance understanding and practice on

• The nature and role of NAMAs: how can national and subnational policy best advance climate smart agriculture?

• Planning NAMAs: identifying, assessing and prioritizing options

• Implementing NAMAs: what is needed to secure investments and finance, policies, technical support & MRV?

Countries represented

• Kenya • Colombia • Costa Rica • Brazil • Ecuador • Vietnam • Mongolia • Indonesia - Agriculture and environment ministries + Resource people and experiences in diverse countries

Agricultural mitigation basics

~ 1/3 of global emissions from agriculture, forests & land use change (AFOLU)

CH4 & N20 emissions - 10-14%

Net Deforestation - 17%

Store C: trees,

forest, grassland

and soils

Intensify

sustainably

Lower GHG /kg food

Livelihoods

Mitigation and sustainability

Food Security

Many policy avenues for achieving mitigation

International processes (UNFCCC, NAMAs)

Nationally driven, including subnational

- Climate change policies

- Agricultural and

environment policies

- Rural development

- Finance policies

Why National Mitigation Policy for Agriculture?

Mitigation as agricultural best practice • Productive and resilient agriculture with mitigation as co-benefit • Increased efficiencies

Meet targets • Meet national emissions reductions targets • Non Annex 1 committed to “substantially deviate “ from baselines -2020 in selected regions (including LA), 2050 all regions

Vehicle for coordination • Align national agricultural policy and investment • NAMAS can help operationalize mitigation action plans • NAMAS can help access to Green Climate Fund and climate finance (USD

97 billion of climate finance globally in 2010 , 56% from private sector)

NAMAs: One tool

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (Bali Action Plan 2007)

No formal definition “Any kind of action by government that reduces GHG

emissions” (Situmeang et al, 2012) - Main vehicle for mitigation in developing countries - Broad scope: policies to technical interventions NAMAs are only one tool for mitigation planning; use

here as shorthand.

Example of mitigation policy framework

Governance and processes Sectoral and aggregated

Technical input

BAU and mitigation potentials

Planning Options and priorities

Development Design and

implementation

Reporting

Stakeholder involvement

Situmeang et al. 2012

Screening criteria and priority setting

Screen for Alignment with national priorities • Social and economic development goals • Emissions targets Data availability and quality Political and social feasibility Replicability

Situmeang et al. 2012

Example of steps

(Tilberg et al 2011)

For internal decision making: GHG reduction, cost , etc.

For government commitment and identifying donor interest

For finance discussions, with agreement about delivery and implementation

NAMA submissions 44 NAMA submissions:

– 18 Agriculture (LA:1 ; AF: 12; AS: 3, Middle East: 1, Europe: 1),

– 29 Forestry (Europe: 2; AF: 17; LA: 5; AS:4; Middle East: 1)

Agriculture actions Countries Count

Agroforestry Ethiopia, Gabon, Mongolia, Sierra Leone 4

Compost Chad, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Sierra Leone 4

Nitrogen fixation Brazil, Central African Republic, Congo 3

Biofuels Brazil, Ghana, Sierra Leone 3

Extension Central African Republic, Chad, Madagascar 3

Seed programs Central African Republic, Chad, Madagascar 3

Irrigation practices Congo, Jordan, Tunisia 3

No-till or min till Brazil, Ghana 2

Methane recovery Jordan, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2

Soil carbon Ethiopia, Eritrea 2

Organic fertilizers Chad, Ghana 2

Renewable energy/

agriculture waste

incineration

Sierra Leone, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2

Spot/zero burning Ghana 1

Considerations for agricultural NAMAs

• Potential to upscale climate-smart agriculture

• How to estimate mitigation potentials, emission reductions & conduct MRV: data requirements

• Institutional requirements

• Tools, resources & planning required within national climate policy processes

Questions

• Input to a review of NAMA experiences

=> What are your experiences on NAMA developments? • Decision trees for planning and implementing NAMAs

=> Which steps are required for planning NAMAs? • Enhanced knowledge on tools and resources

=> Which tools/resources are needed and already available?

• Ways forward for effective NAMA planning and implementation

=> What actions are required at country/international level to advance agriculture NAMA planning and implementation?

Questions (cont.)

• Identification of research and capacity development

=> Where do we need more research and capacity building for countries to plan mitigation policies and actions?

EXTRA MATERIAL

Why agriculture and climate change mitigation?

- Agricultural mitigation probably necessary to stay < 2° C

- 20GT/year target

- But, agricultural emissions currently 5.5-6 GT/year and likely to almost double to 8-10GT/yr

Mitigation strategies in agriculture

Reduce emissions - per area and yield • Reduce CH4 and N20 • Avoid increased future emissions (e.g. anticipated increases in

fertilizer use)

C Storage –timing, C life • Increase carbon storage • Protect existing carbon- avoid land conversion

Lifecycle • Reduce or replace fossil fuels • Shift consumption?

Three funding sources for NAMAs

• Unilateral (“domestically supported”, “voluntary”) NAMAs • Internationally supported NAMAs • Credited NAMAs

Situmeang et al. 2012

NAMA finance options

• Unilateral (“domestically supported”, “voluntary”) NAMAS • Internationally supported NAMAS • Credited NAMAS Situmeang et al. 2012

Center for Clean Air Policy

Examples of criteria for analysing supported NAMAs for negotiation with donor