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Explanation

NUR NADHIRA SHAZLYN BINTI ZULKIFLY 2014705551

FiTRIANI BINTI RUSSANI 2014!"445

NURIZYAN LIYANA BTE HA#ID$N 2014750%1

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Purpose

 To &xplain t'&

p(o)&**&*in+ol+&, innat-(al an,

*o)ialp'&no.&na/ o(

to &xplain 'o

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What featuresmight I nd inside?

4  T&) 'n i)a l o( *) i&n

 t i 5)  0o(,*

4 A) t ion  +&( 6

*

4  S&7-&n) in1  0o(,* o( )onn&) t

 i +&*

4  S i.p l& p(&*&n t o

( pa** i +&  8o(.*

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Concluding 

S ta temen t

 Yo- .a 9  0an t 

 to in)l-,& 

in t&(&* tin1 

)o..&n t* 

a6o- t  0'a t  9o- 

'a +& & xplain&,3

E xp lana t ion S

equence

 U*&  t i.&  0o(,* a

n, 

)onn&) t i +&*  to ,&

*)( i 6& o( 

& xp la in a p(o)&**3

  Yo- )an 

 in) l-,& , ia1(a.* 

o(  :o 0) 'a( t*/ 

 0 ' i) '  9o-  0 i l l n&&,  to 

Int r oduct ion

; ( it & 0'at  i* 1oin1 t o 6& &xplain&,3

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What should I write?

Int r oduct ion

; ( it & 0'at  i* 1oin1 t o 6& &xplain&,3 It  .a9  in)l-,& a ,&*)( ipt ion/ 7-&*t ion o(  a 6( i&8  ,&*)( ipt ion3

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What should Iwrite? E xp lana t io

n Sequence

E xp la in  ho w so

me t h ing  wor k s:

4 ; 'a t  i t  i* -*&,  8o(

4 ; 'a t &a) ' pa( t ,

o&*

4Ho 0  t '& pa( t  0o(

 2  to1& t '&(

4Ho 0  to -*&  i t

E xp la in  w h  so

me t h ing  happen

s:

4Ho 0 an,  0 ' 9  i t *

 ta( t

4 ; 'a t  'app&n* n& x t/ a 8 t&(  t 'a t/ 

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What should I write?

Concluding S ta temen t

 Yo- .a 9  0an t  to in)l-

,& 

in t&(&* tin1 )o..&n t*/ a 

*-..a( 9/ o( a (&)o.

.&n,a tion 

a6o- t  0'a t  9o- 'a +&

 & xplain&,3

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Differences:

Explanation

text

o D&*)( i 6&  'o 0

  )&( ta in p '&no.&

non

  o( & +&n t  'app&n* 

o

 Fo(.&,  i

n  t '& .o,&

  o 8 ,&*)( ip t ion

Procedure

text

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 h   !a d p o l e s 

 C ha n g e

"irst/ t'& 8&.al& 8(o las lot* o8 &* so *o.& illsur#i#e 8(o. 6&in &at&n 69 *' an, ot'&( ani.al*3 T'& &* a(&*.a an, o8t&n lai, in*i,& 'it& 8oa.3

$ext% t'& &* hatch into ta,pol&*3 Ta,pol&* 'a+& gills so t'&9 )an 6(&at' -n,&( at&( and a *t(on tail to '&lp t'&.*i.3

&s t'& ta,pol&* grow 6i&(/ t'&9 *ta(t to )'an&'ecause t'&9 n&&, to 6&)o.& a 8(o3 T'&i( tail 6&)o.&* *.all&(an, t'&9 6&in (oin l&*3 T'& 6a) l&* (o (* followed 't'& 8(ont l&*3

 Ta,pol&* al*o *ta(t to ,&+&lop lungs 'ecause t'&9 'a+&to 6& (&a,9 to 6(&at'& on lan, when t'&9 'ecome a 8(o3

F(o* a(& amphi'ians3 A.p'i6ian* *p&n, pa(t o8 t'&i(

li+&* -n,&( at&(3 Yo-n 8(o* start t'&i( li8& in at&( a*tadpoles(

 Ta,pol&* ma 'e 8o-n, in 6illa6on*/ la&*/ *a.p* or &+&n in p-,,l&* a8t&( '&a+9 (ain3

Scientific words Action verbs Sequencing words and cause and effect

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Inside the Honey Stomach

Nectar

Water

Nectarin cell

Wax Cap

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13 F(o. '&(& ,o t'& 6&&* ,(in n&)ta(=

 T'& 6&&* ,(in n&)ta( 8(o.t'& :o&(

23 Ho ,o t'&9 ,(in it=

Long Tongue

 T'& 6&&* ,(in n&)ta( 69-*in it* lon ton-&

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"3 In*i,& t'& 'on&9 *to.a)'/ 'at,o&* t'& &n>9.& )'an& n&)ta( into=

 T'& &n>9.& )'an& n&)ta(

into 8(-)to*& an, l-)o*&

23 A8t&( t'& 6&& (&t-(n to t'&i( 'i+&/ 'at,o t'&9 *pit 8(o. t'&i( 'on&9

*to.a)'=

Spit nectar

 T'&9 *pit n&)ta( 8(o. t'&i('on&9 *to.a)'

fructose

glucose

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53 ;'at 'app&n to t'& n&)ta( a8t&( t'&'&at &+apo(at& t'& at&(=

It )'an&* into 'on&9

%3 Ho ,o t'& 6&&* )o+&( t'& )&ll=

 T'&9 )o+&( t'& )&ll it' aax )ap

Water

Nectar

in cell

Wax Cap

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)e wr i te a l l ans w

ers and arrange 

 t hem  in to a pa

ragrap h  '  

pu t t ing some connec tors

* 

Fi(*t/ 6&&* ,(in n&)ta( 8(o. :o&(* -*in t'&i(lon ton-&3 T'&i( ton-& '&lp* t'&. to (&a)' t'&

n&)ta( in*i,& t'& :o&(3 T'&n/ 6&&* *to(& t'& n&)ta( in a *p&)ial *a))all&, a 'on&9 *to.a)'3 In*i,& t'& *to.a)'/ *p&)ial&n>9.& )'an&* n&)ta( into to *-a(* )all&, 8(-)to*&an, l-)o*&3

A8t&( t'& 6&&* (&t-(n to t'&i( 'i+&/ t'&9 *pit t'&n&)ta( 8(o. it* 'on&9 *to.a)' into on& o8 t'& )&ll*3

N&xt/ t'& '&at in t'& 'i+& &+apo(at& at&( 8(o.t'& n&)ta( an, it t-(n* into 'on&93

Finall9/ t'& 6&&* )o+&( t'& )&ll it' a ax )ap3

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 Wri te general s ta temen t an

d concluding paragraph 

 to compose e xplana tion  te x

 t*

Fi(*t/ 6&&* ,(in n&)ta( 8(o. :o&(* -*in t'&i( lonton-&3 T'&i( ton-& '&lp* t'&. to (&a)' t'& n&)ta( in*i,& t'&

:o&(3 T'&n/ 6&&* *to(& t'& n&)ta( in a *p&)ial *a) )all&, a 'on&9*to.a)'3 In*i,& t'& *to.a)'/ *p&)ial &n>9.& )'an&* n&)ta( intoto *-a(* )all&, 8(-)to*& an, l-)o*&3

A8t&( t'& 6&&* (&t-(n to t'&i( 'i+&/ t'&9 *pit t'& n&)ta(8(o. it* 'on&9 *to.a)' into on& o8 t'& )&ll*3

N&xt/ t'& '&at in t'& 'i+& &+apo(at& at&( 8(o. t'& n&)ta(an, it t-(n* into 'on&93

Finall9/ t'& 6&&* )o+&( t'& )&ll it' a ax )ap3

B&&* a(& t'& onl9 in*&)t* 'i)' p(o,-)& 8oo, 8o( '-.an*3

 T'& 8oo, t'& 'on&9 6&& p(o,-)&* i* -ni-&/ oo, ta*tin/6&n&)ial an, n-t(i)io-*3 So/ 'o ,o&* a 6&& .a& 'on&9=

 T'o-*an,* o8 o(&( 6&&* )an p(o,-)& o+&( 200 po-n,* o8'on&9 8o( t'& )olon9 in a 9&a(3 I.ain& i8 t'&(& a(& no 6&&* on t'i*

&a(t'?

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!pes of explanationtext

+( Sequential, ,&tail* t'&*ta&* in an &+&nt

Fo( &xa.pl&@

 T'& Li8& 9)l& o8 a #o*-ito

F(o. a S&&, to a T(&&

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"rom a Seed to a !ree

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.( Causal, ,&tail* 'at )a-*&*t'& )'an& 8(o. on& *ta& to

t'& n&xtFo( &xa.pl&@

Ho Di&*tion $))-(*

;'9 Ea(t'-a&* $))-(

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/ow 0igestion 1ccurs

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/ow Earthquake 1ccurs

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2( Consequential, &xplain*&&)t* an, o-t)o.&* o8 p(o)&**&*

Fo( &xa.pl&@In S)i&n)&@ Explain t'& )a-*&* o8)li.at& )'an&

In Hi*to(9@ Explain t'& &&)t* o8t'& Spani*' )oloni>ation

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 T*-na.i* o))-( '&n t'&(& i* a la(&

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When is explanation important?

• T'&*& a(& In8o(.al not&* on t'& i.po(tan)& o8&xplanation in t'& )ont&xt o8 *)i&nti) t'&o(9 C(at'&(t'an p&,ao9/ '&(& it i* al*o i.po(tant3 T'&*& a(&'&-(i*ti) not&*/ t(9in to la9 (o-n, o( 8o( )la(i89in

a )on)(&t&/ p(a)ti)al p(o6l&. in *)i&n)&3 o..&nt*a6o-t an9 &((o(* o8 a(-.&nt/ o( 'i*to(9 o( p'ilo*op'9o8 *)i&n)& a(& a(.l9 &l)o.&3

• Explanations are important when there are unsolved problems with a theory. ;it' 'at t'&o(i&* a(& t'&(& no

*-)' -n*ol+&, p(o6l&.*=

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When explanation is lessimportant

• ;'&n t'&(& i* onl9 on& t'&o(9/ an, it* *)op& o8appli)ation i* -ni+&(*al/ an, it i* )l&a( 'o to appl9 it inn& )a*&*/ an, t'& t'&o(9 i* (&lati+&l9 &a*il9 to t&a)'an, -*& an, -n,&(*tan,/ it .a&* p(&,i)tion* 'i)' a(&

n&+&( )ont(a,i)t&, 69 )(&,i6l& )o.p&t&nt (&p&ata6l&&xp&(i.&nt an, it i*nt &n&(all9 t'o-'t o8 a*p(o6l&.ati)3

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When explanation is important

• When there are no good theories.• When there are two or more competing theories.• When dealing with 'vexatious litigant' theories.

• When the scope of validity or application of a theory isunclear.• When it is unclear, or there is no consensus, how toapply a theory in a substantial range of cases.• When the theory cannot be explained satisfactorily to

 proverbial 1 years olds or undergrads.

• When no transferable supplementary nonmathematical intuitions about the theory have yet beendeveloped.• When predictions are met only some of the time.