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Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World
Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
The basicsThe basics Chinese religions are Chinese religions are
a blend of practices:a blend of practices:
The basicsThe basics Chinese religions are Chinese religions are
a blend of practices:a blend of practices:
TaoismTaoismTaoismTaoism
BuddhismBuddhismBuddhismBuddhism
Chinese folk religionChinese folk religionChinese folk religionChinese folk religion
ConfucianismConfucianismConfucianismConfucianism
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
Periods of hindu historyPeriods of hindu historyPeriods of hindu historyPeriods of hindu history
Page 280Page 280Page 280Page 280
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
HistoryHistory HistoryHistory
Shang Dynasty (16th–11th BCE) veneration of ancestors veneration of nature gods highest god is called Ti the practice of divination (the attempt to interpret signs from nature such as astrology)
Shang Dynasty (16th–11th BCE) veneration of ancestors veneration of nature gods highest god is called Ti the practice of divination (the attempt to interpret signs from nature such as astrology)
Chou Dynasty (11-2nd BCE) elderly ancestors are revered highest god is called T’ien the notion of the Mandate of Heaven (conferred on kings)
Chou Dynasty (11-2nd BCE) elderly ancestors are revered highest god is called T’ien the notion of the Mandate of Heaven (conferred on kings)
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE)Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE)
• The teachings of confucius become the state The teachings of confucius become the state ideology by imperial decreeideology by imperial decree
• Confucianism begins to move toward Confucianism begins to move toward egalitarianism egalitarianism (social equality)(social equality)
• Character building is a lifelong process of Character building is a lifelong process of education and self-disciplineeducation and self-discipline
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE)Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE)
• The teachings of confucius become the state The teachings of confucius become the state ideology by imperial decreeideology by imperial decree
• Confucianism begins to move toward Confucianism begins to move toward egalitarianism egalitarianism (social equality)(social equality)
• Character building is a lifelong process of Character building is a lifelong process of education and self-disciplineeducation and self-discipline
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Confucius:Confucius:
• Lived from about 551 to 479 BCELived from about 551 to 479 BCE
• A chinese philosopher who considered to be the A chinese philosopher who considered to be the “father of chinese culture” by many“father of chinese culture” by many
• His sayings (analects) became the source of his His sayings (analects) became the source of his teachingteaching
• Emphasized the building of moral characterEmphasized the building of moral character• Proper ritual observance and moral persuasion Proper ritual observance and moral persuasion
were his formula for successwere his formula for success
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Confucius:Confucius:
• Lived from about 551 to 479 BCELived from about 551 to 479 BCE
• A chinese philosopher who considered to be the A chinese philosopher who considered to be the “father of chinese culture” by many“father of chinese culture” by many
• His sayings (analects) became the source of his His sayings (analects) became the source of his teachingteaching
• Emphasized the building of moral characterEmphasized the building of moral character• Proper ritual observance and moral persuasion Proper ritual observance and moral persuasion
were his formula for successwere his formula for success
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Lao-tzu:Lao-tzu:• A chinese philosopher and founder of A chinese philosopher and founder of taoismtaoism• Wrote the Wrote the tao-te chingtao-te ching or “The way and its or “The way and its
power”power”• Taoists priests encourage methods of self-Taoists priests encourage methods of self-
perfection and help individuals control the perfection and help individuals control the forces of yin and yangforces of yin and yang
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Lao-tzu:Lao-tzu:• A chinese philosopher and founder of A chinese philosopher and founder of taoismtaoism• Wrote the Wrote the tao-te chingtao-te ching or “The way and its or “The way and its
power”power”• Taoists priests encourage methods of self-Taoists priests encourage methods of self-
perfection and help individuals control the perfection and help individuals control the forces of yin and yangforces of yin and yang
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Yin and yang:Yin and yang: Complementary, harmonious play of pairs Complementary, harmonious play of pairs
of opposites in the universeof opposites in the universe They are not interdependent --- one defines They are not interdependent --- one defines
the otherthe other
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Yin and yang:Yin and yang: Complementary, harmonious play of pairs Complementary, harmonious play of pairs
of opposites in the universeof opposites in the universe They are not interdependent --- one defines They are not interdependent --- one defines
the otherthe other
there is no antagonism between the pairs, for both there is no antagonism between the pairs, for both are neededare needed
each contains a little of the othereach contains a little of the other nature is in a continual dance to remain balanced nature is in a continual dance to remain balanced
between the yin and the yangbetween the yin and the yang
there is no antagonism between the pairs, for both there is no antagonism between the pairs, for both are neededare needed
each contains a little of the othereach contains a little of the other nature is in a continual dance to remain balanced nature is in a continual dance to remain balanced
between the yin and the yangbetween the yin and the yang
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
The Chinese communist revolution of 1949:The Chinese communist revolution of 1949: placed Confucianism in disfavorplaced Confucianism in disfavor believed all religion was elitist, out-dated and a believed all religion was elitist, out-dated and a threat to personal freedomthreat to personal freedom current government monitors the selection of current government monitors the selection of religious leaders in the various traditions and has religious leaders in the various traditions and has suppressed sacred places and spacessuppressed sacred places and spaces
The Chinese communist revolution of 1949:The Chinese communist revolution of 1949: placed Confucianism in disfavorplaced Confucianism in disfavor believed all religion was elitist, out-dated and a believed all religion was elitist, out-dated and a threat to personal freedomthreat to personal freedom current government monitors the selection of current government monitors the selection of religious leaders in the various traditions and has religious leaders in the various traditions and has suppressed sacred places and spacessuppressed sacred places and spaces
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
Sacred stories and sacred scripturesSacred stories and sacred scripturesSacred stories and sacred scripturesSacred stories and sacred scriptures
TheTheFiveFive
ClassicsClassics
TheTheFiveFive
ClassicsClassics
historical documentshistorical documents
anthology of poemsanthology of poems
manual for manual for divinationdivination
records of the state records of the state of of LuLu
works on the works on the principles of principles of lili
historical documentshistorical documents
anthology of poemsanthology of poems
manual for manual for divinationdivination
records of the state records of the state of of LuLu
works on the works on the principles of principles of lili
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
Sacred stories and sacred scripturesSacred stories and sacred scriptures (continued) (continued)Sacred stories and sacred scripturesSacred stories and sacred scriptures (continued) (continued)
FourFourBooksBooksFourFour
BooksBooks
The The AnalectsAnalects (sayings of (sayings of Confucius)Confucius)The Great LearningThe Great Learning (details (details of how perfection can benefit of how perfection can benefit society)society)Doctrine of the MeanDoctrine of the Mean (philosophical utterances with (philosophical utterances with commentaries)commentaries)Book of Meng-tzuBook of Meng-tzu (sayings of (sayings of the great follower of the great follower of Confucius)Confucius)
The The AnalectsAnalects (sayings of (sayings of Confucius)Confucius)The Great LearningThe Great Learning (details (details of how perfection can benefit of how perfection can benefit society)society)Doctrine of the MeanDoctrine of the Mean (philosophical utterances with (philosophical utterances with commentaries)commentaries)Book of Meng-tzuBook of Meng-tzu (sayings of (sayings of the great follower of the great follower of Confucius)Confucius)
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
Sacred stories and sacred scripturesSacred stories and sacred scriptures (continued) (continued)Sacred stories and sacred scripturesSacred stories and sacred scriptures (continued) (continued)
Tao-teTao-teChingChingTao-teTao-teChingChing
the central scripture within the central scripture within TaoismTaoism
attributed to Lao-tsu attributed to Lao-tsu
the central scripture within the central scripture within TaoismTaoism
attributed to Lao-tsu attributed to Lao-tsu
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
Beliefs and practicesBeliefs and practicesBeliefs and practicesBeliefs and practices
Things emphasized in Confucianism:Things emphasized in Confucianism: belief in the high god belief in the high god HeavenHeaven and various and various Chinese deitiesChinese deities striving for perfection through relationshipsstriving for perfection through relationships with one anotherwith one another folk rituals and practicesfolk rituals and practices
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
Beliefs and practicesBeliefs and practices (continued)(continued)Beliefs and practicesBeliefs and practices (continued)(continued)
Things emphasized in Taoism:Things emphasized in Taoism: moving in harmony with moving in harmony with TaoTao (the nature of things)(the nature of things) a return to simplicity and harmony with all creationa return to simplicity and harmony with all creation immortality which is the goal of the Taoistimmortality which is the goal of the Taoist beliefs in a pantheon of godsbeliefs in a pantheon of gods Chinese living rooted in family structures andChinese living rooted in family structures and
ancestor venerationancestor veneration
Things emphasized in Taoism:Things emphasized in Taoism: moving in harmony with moving in harmony with TaoTao (the nature of things)(the nature of things) a return to simplicity and harmony with all creationa return to simplicity and harmony with all creation immortality which is the goal of the Taoistimmortality which is the goal of the Taoist beliefs in a pantheon of godsbeliefs in a pantheon of gods Chinese living rooted in family structures andChinese living rooted in family structures and
ancestor venerationancestor veneration
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
Beliefs and practicesBeliefs and practices (continued)(continued)Beliefs and practicesBeliefs and practices (continued)(continued)
Chinese are Confucian in public,Chinese are Confucian in public,
Taoist in private, Taoist in private,
and Buddhist with regard to deathand Buddhist with regard to death..
Chinese are Confucian in public,Chinese are Confucian in public,
Taoist in private, Taoist in private,
and Buddhist with regard to deathand Buddhist with regard to death..
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
Sacred timeSacred timeSacred timeSacred time
Chinese New YearChinese New YearPrayers and homagePrayers and homage
to Tso Kwanto Tso Kwan
Chinese New YearChinese New YearPrayers and homagePrayers and homage
to Tso Kwanto Tso Kwan
Ching MingChing MingHonors deceasedHonors deceased
relativesrelatives
Ching MingChing MingHonors deceasedHonors deceased
relativesrelatives
Mid Autumn FestivalMid Autumn FestivalRecalls when ChineseRecalls when Chinese
rulers carefully studiedrulers carefully studiedthe moonthe moon
Mid Autumn FestivalMid Autumn FestivalRecalls when ChineseRecalls when Chinese
rulers carefully studiedrulers carefully studiedthe moonthe moon
Dragon Boat FestivalDragon Boat FestivalHonors a famous ChineseHonors a famous Chinesepatriot named Wut Yuah patriot named Wut Yuah
Dragon Boat FestivalDragon Boat FestivalHonors a famous ChineseHonors a famous Chinesepatriot named Wut Yuah patriot named Wut Yuah
Tin HauTin HauHonors the mother ofHonors the mother of
boat people andboat people andsailorssailors
Tin HauTin HauHonors the mother ofHonors the mother of
boat people andboat people andsailorssailors
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
Sacred places and sacred spacesSacred places and sacred spacesSacred places and sacred spacesSacred places and sacred spaces
TemplesTemplesTaoist and BuddhistTaoist and Buddhist
local and state templeslocal and state temples
TemplesTemplesTaoist and BuddhistTaoist and Buddhist
local and state templeslocal and state temples
Shrine of AncestorsShrine of Ancestorsto local gods andto local gods and
ancestorsancestors
Shrine of AncestorsShrine of Ancestorsto local gods andto local gods and
ancestorsancestors
Ancestor GravesitesAncestor Gravesitesproviding for the needsproviding for the needs
of the deceasedof the deceased
Ancestor GravesitesAncestor Gravesitesproviding for the needsproviding for the needs
of the deceasedof the deceased
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese ReligionsChapter 7 Chapter 7 Chinese ReligionsChinese Religions
DivinationDivination AstrologyAstrology CultCult Neo-Neo-
confucianismconfucianism Yin and yangYin and yang KoanKoan
DivinationDivination AstrologyAstrology CultCult Neo-Neo-
confucianismconfucianism Yin and yangYin and yang KoanKoan
chun-tzuchun-tzu lili jenjen TaoTao wu-weiwu-wei hsienhsien
chun-tzuchun-tzu lili jenjen TaoTao wu-weiwu-wei hsienhsien
feng-shuifeng-shui spirit tabletspirit tablet communion of communion of
saintssaints intercessionintercession inculturationinculturation
feng-shuifeng-shui spirit tabletspirit tablet communion of communion of
saintssaints intercessionintercession inculturationinculturation
VocabularyVocabularyVocabularyVocabulary