Date post: | 18-May-2015 |
Category: |
Technology |
Upload: | pchenevixtrench |
View: | 1,008 times |
Download: | 7 times |
Exploring the Scope of Cost-Effective Aflatoxin Risk Reduction Strategies in Maize and Groundnut Value Chains to
Improve Market Access and Health of the Poor in Africa
Clare Narrod, IFPRI
International Food Policy Research Institute International Center for the Improvement of Maize
and Wheat International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics University of Pittsburgh
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences ACDI/VOCA/Kenya Maize Development Program Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Institut d’Economie Rurale The Eastern Africa Grain Council
Economic losses estimated to be large - dearth
of systematic studies that empirically estimate
economic losses (health, income) for all stakeholders along the value chain
economic impact of interventions
socio-economic factors affecting adoption
Number of biological studies on control options;
hasn’t been large scale adoption.
Agricultural (preharvest, postharvest)
Conventional breeding
Transgenic breeding
Irrigation
Biocontrol
“Good agronomic practices”
Improved drying, storage, transportation
Ammoniation
Dietary
Enterosorption (clays, chlorophyllin)
Chemoprevention (Oltipraz, triterpenoids, isothiocyanates)
Anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS, green tea polyphenols, allicin)
Clinical
HBV vaccination
What is the cost-effectiveness of control options (singularly and in combination) as products move
for poor producers/processors in developing countries?
ACDI/Voca has observed that in Kenya poor producers are the least likely to adopt aflatoxin risk
reduction technologies since they lack the necessary resources, and, thus, they are the group
most susceptible to aflatoxin exposure.
To identify pro-poor cost-effective aflatoxin risk-reduction strategies in order to assess the uptake of these strategies and to suggest interventions that ensure high rates of adoptability along value chains.
Economic Impact
-Health -Household level analysis (Income, Gender) -Trade
Risk Analysis
•Risk maps
•Risk assessment
•Cost effectiveness analysis
Disease Prevalence -Collection of prevelance data along value chains in different ecological zones
Communication and Advocacy
Perceptions of aflatoxin and WTP
• KAP (Knowledge Attitudes Perception Actions)
• Valuation of demand risk reduction measues
• Auctions (demand)
Endpoints of interest: exposure 1) Market
access/ income/ poverty reduction
2) Health
Multi-disciplinary research team
Mali: Kita, Kayes, and Koulikoro Districts
▪ 70 % of groundnuts produced in Western Mali
▪ Comprise all groundnut-producing agro-ecological zones
Kenya:
Nyanza Province (South West) ▪ Transect from Kisii to Homabay (high - low elevations)
Upper East ▪ Transect from Embu to Mbeere (high - low lands)
Lower East ▪ Transect that includes Machakos and
Makueni Districts
Livelihoods impact Qualitative focus group survey Quantitative household surveys at four levels
Pilot survey - June- July 2010 Household surveys – October 2010 –January 2011 Community level surveys – October 2010 –January 2011 Socio-economic data collection - March 2011 of hh where prevalence collected
Prevalence data collected from different AEZ from 2009-2011 (Kenya) and 2009-2010 (Mali) at pre-harvest and in storage (15 to 30 days interval), and in the markets (every month).
MOA NAAICP KEPHIS KARI KEBS
ENABLING
ENVIRONMENT Etc.
AGRI-INPUT
/ DEALERS
GOVERNMENT
EXTENSION
OFFICERS NGO’S TRADERS MEDIA
POSHO
MILLS
BUSINESS
&
EXTENSION
SERVICES
COMMUNITY GROUPS,
CHURCHES, MOSQUES
FARMERS LOCAL TRADERS
NCPB
LOCAL RETAILERS
VALUE
CHAIN
ACTORS
COMMERCIAL MILLERS
CONSUMERS
LARGE SCALE TRADERS
POSHO MILLERS
SUPERMARKETS
Etc
Partners: Donor: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Center/ Universities IFPRI: C. Narrod (Project lead), P. Trench(Project manager), M. Tiongco, D. Roy, A. Saak, R. Scott, W. Collier, M. Elias, G. Gajate-Garrido, C. Alva . CIMMYT: J. Hellin, H. DeGroote, G. Mahuku, S. Kimenju, B. Munyua, Z. Gitonga ICRISAT: F. Waliyar, J. Ndjeunga, A. Diallo, M. Diallo, V. Reddy, C. Mutegi University of Pittsburgh: F. Wu, Y. Liu US Uniformed Health Services: P. Masuoka, J. Grieco Country Partners ACDI/VOCA: S. Collins, S. Guantai, S. Walker Kenya Agricultural Research Institute: S. Nzioki, C. Bett Institut d’Economie Rurale: B. Diarra, O. Kodio, L. Diakite
Laying the groundwork for coordinated policy action for aflatoxin control so as to improve market access and health of the poor in Africa.
Maize! They call you mahindi in Kiswahili, bembe in Kikamba How nice to mention.
Oh Aflatoxin! Where did you come from?
When the rain falls we harvest maize in plenty. When it doesn’t it dries out.
Oh Aflatoxin! Where did you come from?
Maize, we love to roast and like to boil. Even ugali, our staple food.
Aflatoxin! Where did you come from?
We enjoy maize very much. However, the devil, not the weevil, has stolen you
Aflatoxin! Where did you come from?
Aflatoxin they call you. You have stolen so many innocent lives
Aflatoxin! Where did you come from?