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1 INTRODUCTION
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1
INTRODUCTION
INDUSTRY PROFILE
ORIGINATION OF THE WORD “TEXTILE”
The term "Textile" is a Latin word originating from the word "texere" which means "to weave".
Textile refers to a flexible material comprising of a network of natural or artificial fibres, known
as yarn. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting and pressing fibres
together.
HISTORY OF TEXTILE
The history of textile is almost as old as that of human civilization and as time moves on the
history of textile has further enriched itself. In the 6th and 7th century BC, the oldest recorded
indication of using fibre comes with the invention of flax and wool fabric at the excavation of
Swiss lake inhabitants. In India the culture of silk was introduced in 400AD, while spinning of
cotton traces back to 3000BC. In China, the discovery and consequent development of
sericulture and spin silk methods got initiated at 2640 BC while in Egypt the art of spinning linen
and weaving developed in 3400 BC. The discovery of machines and their widespread application
in processing natural fibres was a direct outcome of the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th
centuries. The discoveries of various synthetic fibres like nylon created a wider market for textile
products and gradually led to the invention of new and improved sources of natural fibre. The
development of transportation and communication facilities facilitated the path of transaction of
localized skills and textile art among various countries.
GLOBAL TEXTILE INDUSTRY
The textile industry is a group of related industries which uses a variety of natural fibres such as
cotton, kapok, sisal, banana, agave, flax, jute, hemp, ramie, rattan, vine, wool, coir, asbestos,
sheep's wool, cashmere goat hair, mohair goat hair, alpaca hair, horse hair, silk etc. and/or
synthetic fibres such as polyamide nylon, PET or PBT polyester, phenol-formaldehyde (PF),
polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA), polyvinyl chloride fiber (PVC), polyolefins (PP and PE), acrylic
polyesters, polyethylene (PE), spandex, polyurethane etc.
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Subdivision of the textile industry into its various components can be approached from several
angles. According to reference, the classical method of categorizing the industry involves
grouping the manufacturing plants according to the fibre being processed, that is, cotton, wool,
or synthetics. The modern approach to textile industry categorization, however, involves
grouping the manufacturing plants according to their particular operation such as crocheting and
pressing the fibres, spinning, weaving, knitting, knotting, apparel making, etc.
New innovations in clothing production, manufacture and design came during the Industrial
Revolution - these new wheels, looms, and spinning processes changed clothing manufacture
forever.
The ‘rag trade’, as it is referred to in the UK and Australia is the manufacture, trade and
distribution of textiles.
There were various stages - from a historical perspective - where the textile industry evolved
from being a domestic small-scale industry, to the status of supremacy it currently holds. The
‘cottage stage’ was the first stage in its history where textiles were produced on a domestic basis.
During this period cloth was made from materials including wool, flax and cotton. The material
depended on the area where the cloth was being produced, and the time they were being made.
In the later half of the medieval period in the northern parts of Europe, cotton came to be
regarded as an imported fiber. During the later phases of the 16th century cotton was grown in
the warmer climes of America and Asia. When the Romans ruled, wool, leather and linen were
the materials used for making clothing in Europe, while flax was the primary material used in the
northern parts of Europe.
During this era, excess cloth was bought by the merchants who visited various areas to procure
these left-over pieces. A variety of processes and innovations were implemented for the purpose
of making clothing during this time. These processes were dependent on the material being used,
but there were three basic steps commonly employed in making clothing. These steps included
preparing material fibers for the purpose of spinning, knitting and weaving.
During the Industrial Revolution, new machines such as spinning wheels and handlooms came
into the picture. Making clothing material quickly became an organized industry - as compared
to the domesticated activity it had been associated with before. A number of new innovations led
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to the industrialization of the textile industry in Great Britain. Clothing manufactured during the
Industrial Revolution formed a big part of the exports made by Great Britain. They accounted for
almost 25% of the total exports made at that time, doubling in the period between 1701 and
1770.
The center of the cotton industry in Great Britain was Lancashire - and the amount exported from
1701 to 1770 had grown ten times. However, wool was the major export item at this point of
time.
In the Industrial Revolution era, a lot of effort was made to increase the speed of the production
through inventions such as the flying shuttle in 1733, the flyer-and-bobbin system, and the Roller
Spinning machine by John Wyatt and Lewis Paul in 1738.
Lewis Paul later came up with the carding machine in 1748 and in 1764 the spinning jenny was
also developed. The water frame was invented in 1771 by Richard Arkwright. The power loom
was invented in 1784 by Edmund Cartwright.
In the initial phases, textile mills were located in and around the rivers since they were powered
by water wheels. After the steam engine was invented, the dependence on the rivers ceased to a
great extent. In the later phases of the 20th century, shuttles that were used in the textile industry
were developed and became faster and thus more efficient.
Today, modern techniques, electronics and innovation have led to a competitive, low-priced
textile industry offering almost any type of cloth or design a person could desire.
REGULATORY STANDARDS
For textiles, like for many other products, there are certain national and international standards
and regulations that need to be complied with to ensure quality, safety and sustainability.
The following standards amongst others apply to textiles:
• CPSIA, e.g. Standard for the Flammability of Clothing Textiles
• ASTM Textile Standards
• REACH Regulations for Textiles
• China Product Standard for Textiles
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OPTIMISTIC GROWTH PROSPECTS
Overall future growth expectations for the textile industry remain optimistic. As per the survey, a
significant proportion (40%) of the respondents expect the industry to witness growth of 11-20%
during FY13 and FY14. However, around 20% of the respondents expect the industry’s growth
to record a decline during this period.
Figure no. 1.1Textile Industry growth prospects* (%)
*For FY13 and FY14
Source: D&B Study
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FLUCTUATING RAW MATERIAL PRICES: A MAJOR BUSINESS CONCERN
Among the sample of companies surveyed, around 42% anticipate fluctuating raw material
prices and increasing market competition to be the major hindrances that could affect their
business during FY13 and FY14.
Figure no. 1.2 Major business concerns (%)
Source: D&B Study
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FAVOURABLE EXPORT MARKETS: KEY GROWTH DRIVER
According to the companies surveyed, favourable export markets would be a major growth
driver for the industry’s growth during FY13 and FY14; around 45% of the respondents confirm
this.
Figure no. 1.3 Major growth drivers in the textile industry (%)
Source: D&B Study
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INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
The textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has generated
huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labor in textiles. The textile industry continues
to be the second largest employment generating sector in India. It offers direct employment to
over 35 million in the country.
According to the Ministry of Textiles, the sector contributes about 14% to industrial production,
4% to the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and 17% to the country's export earnings. The
share of textiles in total exports was 11.04% during April-July 2011, as per the Ministry of
Textiles. It is estimated that India would increase its textile and apparel share in the world trade
to 8% from the current level of 4.5% and reach US$80 billion by 2020. During 2009-2010,
Indian textiles industry was pegged at US$55 billion, 64% of which services domestic demand.
SEGMENTS OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
• Cotton Textiles
• Silk Textiles
• Woollen Textiles
• Readymade Garments
• Hand-crafted Textiles
• Jute and Coir
PRODUCTION
India is the second largest producer of fibre in the world and the major fiber produced is cotton.
Other fibres produced in India include silk, jute, wool, and man-made fibers. 60% of the Indian
textile Industry is cotton based.
The strong domestic demand and the revival of the Economic markets by 2010 have led to huge
growth of the Indian textile industry. In December 2011, the domestic cotton price was up by
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50% as compared to the December 2010 prices. The causes behind high cotton price are due to
the floods in Pakistan and China. India projected a high production of textile (325 lacks bales for
2010 -11) .There has been increase in India's share of global textile trading to seven percent in
five years. The rising prices are the major concern of the domestic producers of the country.
Man Made Fibres: These include manufacturing of clothes using fibre or filament synthetic
yarns. It is produced in the large power loom factories. They account for the largest sector of the
textile production in India. This sector has a share of 62% of the India's total production and
provides employment to about 4.8 million people.
The Cotton Sector: It is the second most developed sector in the Indian Textile industries. It
provides employment to huge amount of people but its productions and employment is seasonal
depending upon the seasonal nature of the production.
The Handloom Sector: It is well developed and is mainly dependent on the SHGs for their
funds. It market share is 13 % .of the total cloth produced in India.
The Woolen Sector: India is the 7th largest producer of the wool in the world. India also
produces 1.8% of the world's total wool.
The Jute Sector: The jute or the golden fibre in India is mainly produced in the Eastern states of
our country like Assam, West Bengal. Indian is 3rd largest producer of jute in the world.
The Sericulture and Silk Sector: India is the 2nd largest producer of silk in the world. India
produces world's 18% total silk. Mulberry, Eri, Tasar, and Muga are the 3 main types of the silk
produced in the country. It is a labor-intensive sector.
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
The Government of India has promoted a number of export promotion policies for the Textile
sector in the Union Budget 2011-12 and the Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14. This also includes
the various incentives under Focus Market Scheme and Focus Product Scheme, broad basing the
coverage of Market Linked Focus Product Scheme for textile products and extension of Market
Linked Focus Product Scheme etc. to increase the Indian shares in the global trade of textiles and
clothing. The various schemes and promotions by the Government of India are as follows -
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E-Marketing:
The e-marketing platforms have been developed by the Central Cottage Industries Corporation
of India (CCIC), and the Handicrafts and Handlooms Export Corporation of India (HHEC).
Skill Development:
Scheme on Integrated Skill Development Scheme targets to train approximately 26.75 lac people
over a period of 5 years (2.70 lack people in the first two years); cover all segments under the
ambit of the Ministry including: textiles and apparel; handicrafts; handlooms; jute; and
sericulture. A scheme has been proposed for implementation under the12th FYP with an
allocation of RS3500crore. A target of 1.5 lack workers would be achieved by March 2012
Credit Linkages: 25,000 Artisan Credit Cards have been issued to artisans under the Credit
Guarantee Scheme, and over 1.65 lac additional applications have been forwarded to banks for
consideration.
Textiles Parks:
The Indian Government has given approval to 21 new Textiles Parks to be set up and this would
be executed over a period of 36 months. The new Textiles Parks would leverage employment to
400,000 textiles workers. The product mix in these parks would include apparels and garments
parks, hosiery parks, silk parks, processing parks, technical textiles including medical textiles,
carpet and power loom parks.
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STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
STRENGTHS WEAKNESS
• Second largest textile producer in the
world. Long and deep rooted textile
tradition and highest net forex earner
for the country
• Integrated industry across the entire
chain from fiber to garments/home
textiles i.e. concept to consumer
• Abundant skilled and technical labor
force, which are especially suited for
apparels/ Made Ups manufacturing.
• Large and growing domestic market to
impart stability to export thrust
• Strong entrepreneurial class
• Flexibility in production of small order
lots
• Small size and technological outdated
plants result in lack of economics of
scale, low productivity and weak
quality control
• Poor work practices resulting in higher
labor cost component in many staple
garment, in spite of low labor costs
• With the exception of spinning, other
sectors are fragmented
• Poor quality in weaving and processing
mainly due to domination of
unorganized sector
• Rigid government labor laws and
policies lack reforms
• High transaction & power cost
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TEXTILE INDUSTRY AT PANIPAT
Panipat is today world-famous for its beautiful and jubilant handloom made-ups, blankets and
other upholstery. This new fame seems to have superceded the nostalgia of the three historical
battles of Panipat. Some important features of the textile industry of Panipat are:
• There is hardly any city of this small size in India that has such a big textile
manufacturing base.
• This Industry comprises of seven segments that is handloom, woolen carpets, shoddy
yarn spinning, open end cotton yarn spinning, power-loom industry, wet processing and
hosiery woolen yarn industry. All of these together makes a business of around Rs 4000
crores and provide employment to 2 lacs people.
• It contributes 50% of the total exports of the Handloom products from the country.
• Panipat town has got a global distinction of having the maximum number of shoddy
spinning units at one particular place.
• Panipat has been awarded Gold Trophy by the Export Promotion Council for the highest
quantity of exports in woolen hand tufted carpets.
• The industry of Panipat is meeting out 75% demand of Barrack Blankets for the Indian
Military.
In the nutshell, Panipat is an industry with a wide range of handloom textiles, whether
requiredfor a five star hotel or for a poor man's cottage. However, Panipat is not an exception
caseduring these days of overall industry recession. The industries of Panipat is seriously
suffering from low capacity utilization, credit problems, less margins, labour problems,
overseas competition and changing preferences of consumers, which is resulting in shut down
of most of the small scale manufacturing units. In view of above there is an urgent need for a
need based, flexible, focused and action oriented policies targeted at sustained development of
the industry and economy.
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LEADING TEXTILE COMPANIES IN PANIPAT
• Sheena Exports
• Om Overseas
• Jain Sons Export
• Paliwal Exports
• Anandtex International Pvt. Ltd.
• Ess Kay Enterprise
• Concept Creation
• Shiv Shakti Exports
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COMPANY PROFILE
Concept Creations, a govt. of India recognized Star Export House, is undoubtedly one of the
leading manufacture exporters of home furnishing textiles based in well known industrial city in
Panipat in Northern India. The Company operates as rugs Export Company of Concept Creations
group and perhaps the only organization that has implemented and maintained the modern day
practices of professionalism in term of management while keeping the hiccups of unorganized
manufacturing industry apart from our clients. As an outcome, our clients are enjoying the
artistic and traditional Indian flavours of home furnishing trends with finest quality and efficient
services like timely deliveries, quality assurance and lot more. With an experience of around 40
years in the textile industry and our expertise in extensive textile products, we are set to offer our
clients unmatchable quality and exclusive designs.
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The Company manufactures a wide range of home furnishing textile products like face to face
machine woven cotton bath mats and hand tufted carpets, floor rugs.
The Company currently exports wide range of home Furnishing Textiles to various countries
such as France, Germany, South Africa, USA, and Dubai etc. It continues to broaden the reach to
include additional designs and range in the portfolio, while expanding to new markets overseas.
Quality has always been the key factor for us since our establishment. The company meets
various quality standards and complies with the norms of ILO (Indian Labor Organization).
Concept Creations is one of the largest manufacturers & exporters of home furnishings, carpets
and floor coverings in India. The Company counts among their clientele some of the most
reputed stores and catalog companies of the world.
The Company’s in-house design studio is reputed for its superior quality of designs and
innovative products. The Company is renowned for its exclusive theme-based collections that
reflect the moods of various seasons.
The Company is also renowned for creating custom-made products to suit the taste of aesthetics
from across countries. Concept Creations is run by highly experienced professionals who have
in-depth knowledge in carpet designing, manufacturing and raw materials.
Concept Creations has built up an international reputation in Home Furnishings on the basis of
our superior quality products and timely delivery.
The company is a recognized export houses since 1996 and also an ISO 9001:2008 and 14001
certified. The company is mainly manufacturing and exporting textile products worldwide.
They are mainly producing:
• Hand Tufted Carpets
• Floor Rugs
• Home furnishings.
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The main clients of the company are KOHL’S, K-MART, MARK&SPENSOR, MADS, WAL-
MART etc. For the export performance, the company was awarded by the export promotion
council.
The main motto of the company is to attain 100% in time shipments of its products. Well trained
managerial professionals and designers are involved in the managerial and product
specialization.
The compliance activities of the company are well integrated as per domestic and abroad norms.
Workers welfare is the prime attention towards workers of the company by serving medical aid
and the other educational facilities.
In house manufacturing facilities are the most important peculiarity such as weaving, stitching,
embroidery, braiding, tufting, dye these activities are being organized in one hut. The Company
has approximately 500 full time employees and some other employees who are working in the
Company on contractual basis.
Production Strength and Sophisticated Machineries
• Vertically Integrated Facilities and Infrastructure
• Qualified Design and Development Team
• Gretagmacbeth Spectra light lll Color Viewing Booth
• Gretagmacbeth Spectrophotometer for Recipe and Delta
• Large Base of looms for rugs Tufting and Fabrication
• Own Container Transportation for Critical Shipments.
• 125 Braiding Machines for Braid Rugs and Place Mats.
• 20 Punja Looms
• 125 Pit Looms for Woven Rugs.
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SET-UP INCLUDES:
• 300 loom of various types.
• Cutting, sewing and tufting equipment for State-of-the-art fabrication.
• Captive transportation to counter occasional bottlenecks on timely delivery.
• Permanent workforce of 500 loyal and skilled craftsmen – only adult workers.
Apart from the above facilities, the Company is depending on outsourced facilities like Printing,
Computerized Embroidery, Quilting of some type of specialized products etc.
INFRASTRUCTURE
The Company’s main unit is located in the reputed industrial sector of Panipat city, also called as
city of Handlooms in Northern India. The city is just 90 kms. from the capital city and well
connected to national highway. The industrial background of Panipat city provides us with all the
nut and bolts of textile business to flourish. Being recognized textile hub the city has a flow of
skilled labors from all parts of country.
The manufacturing unit is spread over a large area of land that provides enough space for the
workers to work in healthy and well ventilated environment. The campus is divided into different
work areas sheds, storage rooms or god owns, labor rooms, finishing departments, packaging
department and finally a well organized managerial department.
Technically qualified and committed professionals meticulously plan in advance to honour
global commitments of quality. The Company’s in-house production units ensure timely
deliveries under strict quality norms. It is having a well developed and systematic production
unit. It is divided into different sections and supervised by well trained staff.
VISION OF THE COMPANY
• To establish itself as a valuable brand into International market.
• A credible presences in organize detail segment through setting up retail change store.
• Relationship with at least 5 retailers out of top 20 in the world.
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MISSION & PHILOSOPHY OF THE COMPANY
CONCEPT CREATIONS is an export house company, with a focus on delivering the highest
quality services. The team pushes the limits so their clients benefit. Always looking forward, the
company is committed to fostering and developing successful business relationships.
With a commitment to excellence and paying sharp attention to the quality of work and services,
perfectionism is their only acceptable standard. The company forms partnerships with the best
companies-those who are equally passionate about supporting businesses in their rapidly
expanding technological world.
Quality Policy
Concept Creations is committed to the manufacture and supply of the highest quality products.
Our objective is to meet or exceed customer requirements on time every time, and strive towards
a continuous improvement in the effectiveness of the established Quality Management System.
OPTIMISING MANUFACTURING PROCESS
The Company’s processes are designed to maximize product appeal, ensure quality, minimize
cost and eliminate duplication of packaging cost and effort.
• Product Appeal is maximized by optimal exploitation of CONCEPT CREATIONS
design and sampling skills to develop buyers programs. In addition, our own innovative
trendy designs are always available on tap.
• Quality is assured- starting with yarn purchase and each processing stage thereafter.
Correct attitude, appropriate training and vigilance delivers promised quality – Always.
• Buyer pre-shipment inspection welcomed.
• Cost is lowest at CONCEPT CREATIONS because of procedures resulting in quality
production without wastage, strong yarn buying power, captive manufacturing and long
term perspective.
• Packaging is done to buyer specifications, with Bar Coding, instruction inserts etc., ready
for retail shelf.
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CONCLUSION :- In the above point of view, I liked overall company atmosphere by way of
functioning, working atmosphere of men and women and their welfare facilities and other
compliance activities are excellent.
PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
Cotton Furnishings created at Concept Creations is renowned for their quality and style all over
the world. CONCEPT CREATIONS translates seasonal trends and designs, as conceived by the
buyers, into their coordinated programs for home furnishings that offer unique lifestyles. Also
designs are created and offered by Concept Creation’s design team.
Through the Company’s own manufacturing facilities, Concept Creations produces Home
Furnishings like floor rugs, handloom carpet, hand tufted carpets.
Cotton Home Furnishings made at Concept Creations brighten the modern lifestyles and add
beauty to homes across the nations. They are preferred by leading stores, around the globe.
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MAJOR CUSTOMERS OF THE COMPANY
Home Furnishings created directly by Concept Creations or coordinated by wholesalers /
importers like Banana Republic (GAP), occupy prominent shelf space of major retail chains like:
• MARK&SPENSOR
• MADS
• KOHL’S
• K-MART
• Walmart
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INTRODUCTION OF REPORT
EXPORT PROCEDURE AND DOCUMENTATION
Export is one of the lucrative business activities in India. The government also provides various
promotional schemes to the exporters for earning valuable foreign exchange for the country and
for meeting their requirements for importing modern technology and essential inputs. Besides,
the income from export business is also exempted to the specified extent under the Income Tax
Act, 1961, Refund of Central Excise and Custom Duty on export is also made under the Duty
Drawback Scheme of the Government. There is no Sales Tax on products meant for exports.
Exports can be of goods which can be moved physically from one country to another or can be of
service rendered. Detailed list of services are given in the Foreign Trade Policy covering more
than 160 items e.g. Insurance, Hospital, Postal and Telecommunication etc.
TYPES OF EXPORTS
• Physical Exports:
If the goods physically go out of the country or services are rendered outside the country then it
is called as physical export.
• Deemed Exports:
Where the goods do not go out of the country physically they can be termed as deemed exports.
This will be subject to certain conditions as prescribed by the DGFT. Under Deemed Exports,
the goods may be supplied to the manufacturer exporter who ultimately export a finished product
of which this supply forms a part and ultimately go out of the country. E.g. Supply of fabrics to
the garment exporter who exports the garments made out of the said fabric.
The government may announce from time to time the types of supplies that may be considered as
deemed export. The Foreign Trade Policy gives the list of supplies considered under the deemed
export category. The policies and procedures are different for physical exports and deemed
exports.
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TYPES OF EXPORTERS
Exporters can be basically classified into two groups
• Manufacturer Exporter: As the exporter has the facility to manufacture the product he
intends to export and hence he exports the products manufactured by him.
• Merchant Exporter: An exporter who does not have the facility to manufacture an item.
But, he procures the same from other manufacturers or from the market and exports the same.
An exporter can be both a manufacturer exporter as well as a merchant exporter, he can export
product manufactured by him or he can export items bought from the market.
Once it is decided to export, it is mandatory for company to follow certain procedures, rules and
regulations as prescribed by various regulatory authorities such as DGFT, RBI, and Customs.
These procedures, rules and regulations are laid down in the Exim Policy 2006-11, Exchange
Control Manual, and Customs Act etc. Accordingly Export documents are required to be
prepared keeping in view of the requirement of the foreign buyers and our regulatory authorities.
Concept Creations is a manufacturer exporter.
CHOOSING APPROPRIATE MODE OF OPERATIONS
You can choose any of the following modes of operations
• Merchant Exporter i.e. buying the goods from the market or from the manufacturer and
then selling it to foreign buyers.
• Manufacturer Exporter i.e. manufacturing the goods yourself for export.
• Sales Agent / Commission Agent / Indenting Agent i.e. acting on behalf of the seller and
charging the Commission.
• Buying Agent i.e. acting on behalf of the buyer and charging commission.
• Service Provider i.e. providing service from India to another country.
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STRUCTURE OF AN EXPORT ORGANISATION
• Marketing manager for generating sales
• Commercial manager for looking activities of the execution of the orders.
• Staff personnel for carrying out the day-to-day activities namely:
• Preparation of pre-shipment documents.
• Coordinating with clearing agents on the progress of the shipment to be made.
• Coordinating with the ware house and excise department regarding packing and clearance
of the goods for export.
• Preparation of post shipment documents for banks.
• Follow-up with the bank on dispatch of documents, receipt of payment, availment of
bank loans etc.
• To look into the requirement of licenses, claiming of export benefits filing of documents
with the Government Authorities in Discharge of Export Obligations, if any, filing of returns to
the various Government Agencies which are mandatory, prepare and keep an information bank
of various transaction of the company, their domestic as well as international competitors.
• An office boy for doing leg work.
• A clearing and forwarding agent to handle the documents and the goods in the customs
premises in the ports of lading.
Depending upon the size of the business the numbers of personnel under each category may
increase. For example if a company is transacting substantial volume of business in more than
one product. Then it is necessary to have marketing manager for each product so that the person
can concentrate on a particular trade to enhance the business.
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REGISTRATION WITH REGIONAL LICENCING AUTHORITIES OBTAINING
IMPORTER EXPORTER CODE (IEC) NUMBER
The Customs Authorities will now allow the exporter to export or import goods into or from
India unless he holds a valid IEC number. Before applying for IEC number it is necessary to
open a bank account in the name of the company with any commercial bank authorized to deal in
foreign exchange. The duly signed application form should be supported by the following
documents.
• Bank receipt (in duplicate) / Demand Draft for payment of the fees of Rs. 1000/-
• Certificate from the banker of the applicant firm as per Annexure 1 to the form given.
• One copy of PAN number issued by Income Tax Authorities duty attested by the
applicant.
• One copy of Passport Size photographs of the applicant duly attested by the banker to the
applicant.
• Declaration by the applicant that the proprietor/partners/directors as the case may be of
the applicant company, are not associated as proprietor/partners/directors in any other firm,
which has been caution, listed by the RBI. Where the applicant declares that they are associated
as proprietor/partners/directors in any other firm, which has been caution, listed by the RBI, they
will be allotted IEC No. but with an additional condition that they can export only with RBI’s
prior approval and they should approach RBI for the purpose.
• Each importer/exporter shall be required to file importer/exporter profile once with the
licensing authority shall enter the information furnished in their database so as to dispense with
changes in the information given, importer/exporter shall intimate the same to the licensing
authority.
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REGISTRATION WITH SALES TAX AUTHORITIES
Goods that are to be shipped out of the country for export are eligible for exemptions from both
Sales Tax and Central Sales Tax. For this purpose, exporter should get himself registered with
the Sale Tax Authority of is state after following the procedures prescribed under the Sales Tax
Act applicable to his state.
PRE-REQUISITES TO ENTER INTO EXPORT BUSINESS
Before entering into the venture of exports, one must look for the product to be exported and the
market where he intends to export.
In case of a manufacturer, obviously he would like to export the product he manufactures as is or
with possible modification as may be required by the market. However, in case of a merchant
exporter or a trader, one has to identity the product to export. If the exporter is already in the
trade in the domestic market and is familiar with the product it would be an advantage to export
the said product of which he has reasonable knowledge.
Before selecting a product, one must simultaneously made a study and find out the prospective
market. For finding out the market for the selected product, the following methods will help.
• Get statistical information as to imports of the product by various countries and their
growth prospects in the respective countries
• Approach the chamber of commerce for their guidance to find out the market.
• Approach the Export Promotion Council dealing in the product of selection to get more
information.
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NEED FOR EXPORT DOCUMENTS
Documentation is used:
• To keep shipment and delivery on schedule,
• To describe cargo,
• For customs clearance,
• To indicate the ownership of goods for collection purposes or in the event of dispute
• To obtain Payment.
The Preliminary
1. Importer Exporter Code (IE Code)
2. Obtain Registration-Cum-Membership Certificate (RCMC).
3. Manufacture – Raw Materials Duty Free.
4. Get familiar with the excise formalities.
5. Understand the local government regulations
6. Get information of the government’s regulations
7. Availability of Airlines, the transport charges, frequency of operation etc.
8. Look for a Custom House Agent (CHA)
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EXPORT DOCUMENTATION
Documentation
INVOICES
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INVOICES
PERFORMA INVOICE COMMERCIAL INVOICE CONSULAR INVOICE
PERFORMA INVOICE
Quotation in form of regular invoice sent as a reply to an inquiry.
Importance of Performa Invoice
• It forms the basis of all trade transactions.
• It may be useful for the importer in obtaining import license or foreign exchange.
COMMERCIAL INVOICE
• Also known as a ‘Document of Contents’.
• Actually a seller’s bill of merchandise.
• Prepared by the exporter after the execution of export order giving details about the
goods shipped.
• It is a Prima facie evidence of the contract of sale or purchase.
Contents of Commercial Invoice
1. Name and address of the exporter.
2. Name and address of the consignee.
3. Name and the number of Flight or Vessel.
4. Name of the port of loading.
5. Name of the port of discharge and final destination.
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6. Invoice number and date.
7. Exporter’s reference number.
8. Buyer’s reference number and date.
9. Name of the country of origin of goods.
10. Name of the country of final destination.
11. Terms of delivery and payment.
12. Marks and container number.
13. Number and packing description.
14. Description of goods giving details of quantity, rate and total amount in terms of
internationally accepted price quotation.
15. Signature of the exporter with date.
Significance of Commercial Invoice
• Useful in preparation of various other shipping documents.
• Used in various export formalities.
• Useful in negotiation of documents for collection and claim of incentives.
• Useful for accounting purposes to both exporters as well as importers.
Consular Invoice
• Consular invoice is a document required mainly by the Latin American countries like
Kenya, Mauritius, etc.
• Collection of accurate information by the authorities of the importing country for
assessing import duties and also for statistical purposes.
31
• For obtaining consular invoice the exporter require to submit three copies of invoice to
the Consulate of the importing country concerned.
CONSULAR INVOICE
• Consular invoice is a document required mainly by the Latin American countries like
Kenya, Mauritius, etc.
• Collection of accurate information by the authorities of the importing country for
assessing import duties and also for statistical purposes.
• For obtaining consular invoice the exporter require to submit three copies of invoice to
the Consulate of the importing country concerned.
Significance of Consular Invoice for the Exporter
• It facilitates quick clearance of goods from the customs in exporter's as well as importer's
country.
• Certification' of goods by the Consulate of the importing country indicated that the
importer has fulfilled all procedural and licensing formalities for import of goods.
• It also assures the exporter of the payment from the importing country.
Significance of Consular Invoice for the Importer
• It facilitates quick clearance of goods from the customs at the port destination and
therefore, the importer gets quick delivery of goods.
• The importer is assured that the goods imported are not banned for imported in his
country.
Significance of Consular Invoice for the Customs Office
• It makes the task of the customs authorities easy.
• It facilitates quick calculation of duties as the value of goods as determine by the
Consulate is considered for the purpose.
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CERTIFICATES
Certificate of Origin
33
Certificate of Origin
•It certifies the place of origin of the merchandise.
•Federation of Indian Chambers Of Commerce and Industry, the export promotion councils and
various other trade associations have been authorized by the government of India to issue
certificate of origin.
•Important in the case of countries, having preferential rates of tariff for Indian Commodities.
Types of the Certificate of Origin
(a) Non-Preferential Certificate, Of Origin: - Non-preferential certificate of origin is required
in general by all countries for clearance of goods by the importer, on which no preferential tariff
is given. It is issued by: ¬
• The authorized Chamber of Commerce of the exporting country.
• Trade Association of the exporting country.
(b) Certificate of Origin for availing Concessions under GSP :- Certificate of origin required
for availing of concessions under Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) extended by certain,
countries such as France, Germany, Italy, BENELUX countries, UK, Australia; Japan, USA, etc.
This certificate can be obtained from specialized agencies, namely;
• Export Inspection Agencies.
• Jt. Director General of Foreign Trade.
• Commodity Boards and their regional offices.
• Development Commissioner, Handicrafts.
• Textile Committees for textile products.
• Marine Products Export Development Authority for marine products.
• Development Commissioners of EPZs
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(c) Certificate for availing Concessions under Commonwealth Preferences (CWP):
Certificate of origin for the purpose of Commonwealth Preference is also known as 'Combined
Certificate of Origin and Value'. It is required by two member countries, i.e. Canada and New
Zealand of the Commonwealth. For concession under Commonwealth preferences, the
certificates or origin have to be submitted in special forms obtainable, from the High
Commission of the country concerned.
Contents of Certificate of Origin
• Name and logo of chamber of commerce.
• Name and address of the exporter.
• Name and address of the consignee.
• Name and the number of Vessel of Flight
• Name of the port of loading.
• Name of the port of discharge and place of delivery.
• Marks and container number.
• Packing and container description.
• Total number of containers and packages.
• Description of goods in terms of quantity.
• Signature and initials of the concerned officer of the issuing authority.
• Seal of the issuing authority.
Significance of the Certificate of Origin
• Certificate of origin is required for availing of concessions under Generalized System of
Preferences (GSP) as well as under Commonwealth Preferences (CWP).
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• It is to be submitted to the customs for the assessment of duty clearance of goods with
concessional duty.
• It is required when the goods produced in a particular country are banned for import in the
foreign market.
• It helps the buyer in adhering to the import regulations of the country.
Sometimes, in order to ensure that goods bought from some other country have not been
reshipped by a seller, a certificate of origin IS required.
CUSTOMS DOCUMENT
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Shipping Bill
Shipping bill is the main customs document, required by the customs authorities for granting
permission for the shipment of goods. The cargo is moved inside the dock area only after the
shipping bill is duly stamped, i.e. certified by the customs. Shipping bill is normally prepared in
five copies:-
• Customs copy.
• Drawback copy.
• Export promotion copy.
• Port trust copy.
• Exporter's copy
Types of Shipping Bill
Based on the incentives offered by the government, customs authorities have introduced three
types of shipping bills:-
Drawback Shipping Bill: - Drawback shipping bill is useful for claiming the customs
drawback against goods exported.
• Dutiable Shipping Bill: - Dutiable shipping bill is required for goods which are subject
to export duty.
• Duty-free Shipping Bill: - Duty-free shipping bill is useful for exporting goods on which
there is no export duty.
In order to facilitate easy recognition and quick processing, following colors have been provided
to different kinds of shipping bills:
37
Table
Types of goods By Sea By Air
Drawback shipping bill Green Green
Dutiable shipping bill YellowPink
Duty-Free shipping bill White Pink
Contents of Shipping Bill
• Name and address of the exporter.
• Name and address of the importer.
• Name of the vessel, master or agents and flag.
• Name of the port at which goods are to be discharged.
• Country of final destination.
• Details about packages, description of goods, marks and numbers, quantity and details
Of each case.
• FOB price and real value of goods as defined in the Sea Customs Act.
• Whether Indian or foreign merchandise to be re-exported
Total number of packages with total weight.
Significance of Shipping Bill
a) Shipping bill is the main customs document, required by the customs authorities for
granting permission for the shipment of goods.
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b) The cargo is moved inside the dock area only after the shipping bill is duly stamped, i.e.
certified by the customs.
c) Duly endorsed shipping bill is also necessary for the collection of export incentives
offered by the government.
• It is useful to the Customs Appraiser while determining the actual value of goods
exported and value.
TRANSPORT DOCUMENT
Mate’s receipt
Mate's receipt is a receipt issued by the Commanding Officer of the ship when the cargo is
loaded on the ship. The mate's receipt is a prima facie evidence that goods are loaded in the
vessel. The mate's receipt is first handed over to the Port Trust Authorities. After making
payment of all port dues, the exporter or his agent collects the mate's receipt from the Port Trust
Authorities. The mate's receipt is freely transferable. It must be handed over to the shipping
company in order to get the bill of lading. Bill of lading is prepared on the basis of the mate's
receipt.
Types of Mate's Receipts
• Clean Mate's Receipt: - The Commanding Officer of the ship issues a clean mate's
receipt, if he is satisfied that the goods are packed properly and there is no defect in the packing
of the cargo or package.
• Qualified Mate's Receipt: - The Commanding Officer of the ship issues qualified mate's
receipt, when the goods are not packed properly and the shipping company does not take any
responsibility of damage to the goods during transit.
Contents of Mate's Receipt
• Name and logo of the shipping line.
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• Name and address of the shipper.
• Name and the number of vessel.
• Name of the port of loading.
• Name of the port of discharge and place of delivery.
• Marks and container number.
• Packing and container description.
• Total number of containers and packages.
• Description of goods in terms of quantity.
• Container status and seal number.
• Gross weight in kg. And volume in terms of cubic meters.
• Shipping bill number and date.
• Signature and initials of the Chief Officer.
Significance of Mate's Receipt
• It is an acknowledgement of goods received for export on board the ship.
• It is a transferable document. It must be handed over to the shipping company in order to
get the bill of lading.
• Bill of lading, which is the title of goods, is prepared on the basis of the mate's receipt.
• It enables the exporter to clear port trust dues to the Port Trust Authorities.
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BILL OF LADING
The bill of lading is a document issued by the shipping company or its agent acknowledging the
receipt of goods on board the vessel, and undertaking to deliver the goods in the like order and
condition as received, to the consignee or his order, provided the freight and other charges as
specified in the bill have been duly paid.
Three main purposes:
• As a document of title to the goods
• As a receipt from shipping company
• As a contract for the transportation of goods.
Types of Bill of Lading
• Clean Bill of Lading: - A bill of lading acknowledging receipt of the goods apparently in
good order and condition and without any qualification is termed as a clean bill of lading.
• Claused Bill of Lading: - A bill of lading qualified with certain adversary marks such as,
"goods insufficiently packed in accordance with the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act," is termed as
a clause bill of lading.
• Transshipment or Through Bill of Lading: - When the carrier uses other transport
facilities, such as rail, road, or another steamship company in addition to his own, the carrier
issues a through or transshipment bill of lading.
• Stale Bill of Lading: - A bill of lading that has been held too long before it is passed on
to a bank for negotiation or to the consignee is called a stale bill of lading.
• Freight Paid Bill of Lading: - When freight is paid at the time of shipment or in
advance, the bill of landing is marked, freight paid. Such bill of lading is known as freight bill of
lading.
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• Freight Collect Bill of lading: - When the freight is not paid and is to be collected from
the consignee on the arrival of the goods, the bill of lading is marked, freight collect and is
known as freight collect bill of lading
Contents of Bill of Lading
• Name and logo of the shipping line.
• Name and address of the shipper.
• Name and the number of vessel.
• Name of the port of loading.
• Name of the port of discharge and place of delivery.
• Marks and container number.
• Packing and container description.
• Total number of containers and packages,
• Description of goods in terms of quantity.
• Container status and seal number.
• Gross weight in kg. And volume in terms of cubic meters.
• Amount of freight paid or payable.
• Shipping bill number and date.
Significance of Bill of Lading for Exporters
• It is a contract between the shipper and the shipping company for carriage of the goods to
the port of destination.
• It is an acknowledgement indicating that the goods mentioned in the document have been
received on board for the Purpose of shipment.
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• A clean bill of lading certifies that the goods received on board the ship are in order and
good condition.
• It is useful for claiming incentives offered by the government to exporters
• The exporter can claim damages from the shipping company if the goods are lost or
damaged after the issue of a clean bill of lading.
Significance of Bill of Lading for Importers
• It acts as a document of title to goods, which is transferable endorsement and delivery.
• The exporter sends the bill of lading to the bank of the importer so as to enable him to
take the delivery of goods.
• The exporter can give advance intimation to the foreign buyer about the shipment of
goods by sending him a non-negotiable copy of bill of lading
Significance of Bill of Lading for Shipping Company
• It is useful to the shipping company for collection of transport charges from the importer,
if not collected from the exporter.
The custom procedure can be briefly explained as follows:
Submission of Documents: The exporter or his agent submits the necessary documents along
with the shipping bill to the Custom House. The documents include:
O ARE-1 (Original and duplicate)
O Excise gate pass (Original and duplicate transporters’ copy
O Performa Invoice
O Packing List
O GRI form (Original and duplicate)
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O Customs Invoice (where required in the importing country)
O Original letter of credit/contract
O Declaration form in triplicate
O Quality Certificate
O Purchase memo
O Labels
O License (if any required) including advance license copy
O Railway receipt/lorry way bill
O Inspection Certificate by Export Inspection Agencies
EXCHANGE CONTROL DOCUMENT
GR Form
• Exchange control document
• RBI has introduced the GR procedure
• The duplicate copy of GR form together with a copy of invoice will be retained by the
authorized dealer till full export proceeds have been realized and thereafter submitted to the RBI.
PP Form
• PP form is another exchange control document. An exporter has to make a declaration of
PP form in case of exports to all countries by Parcel post, ‘except when made on “value payable”
or “cash on delivery” basis.
• It is used in place of Form GR.
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PAYMENT DOCUMENT
Bill of Exchange
An instrument in writing containing an unconditional order signed by the drawer directing a
certain person to pay a certain sum of money only to or the order of a person or the bearer the
instrument.
Features:
• A bill of exchange is an instrument in writing.
• It must be signed by the maker or drawer. Unsigned document will not be legally valid.
• It contains an unconditional order. There is no condition attached to it.
• The order must be to pay money only.
• The sum payable must be specific.
• The money must be payable to a definite person or to his order or to the bearer.
Parties to bill of exchange
1. The drawer: The exporter / person who draws the bill.
2. The drawee: The importer / person on whom the bill is drawn for payment.
3. The payee: The person to whom payment is made, generally, the exporter / supplier of
the goods.
Contents
1. Name and signature of the drawer
2. Name of the drawee
3. Name of the payee
4. Specified sum
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MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS
MARINE INURANCE
Marine Insurance Policy
The following are different types of marine insurance policies:
• Specific Policy: This policy is taken to cover different risks for a single shipment. For a
regular exporter, this policy is not advisable as he will have to take a separate policy every time a
shipment is made, so this policy is taken when exports are in frequent.
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• Floating Policy: This is taken to cover all shipments for some months. There is no time
limit, but there is a limit on the value of goods and once this value is crossed by several
shipments, then it has to be renewed.
• Open Policy: This policy remains in force until cancelled by either party i.e. insurance
company or the exporter.
• Open Cover Policy: This policy is generally issued for 12 months period, for all
shipments to one or more destinations. The open cover may specify the maximum value of
consignment that may be sent per ship and if the value exceeded, the insurance company must be
informed by the exporter.
• Insurance Premium: Differs upon product to product and a number of such other factors, such
as, distance of voyage, type and condition of packing, etc. Premium for air consignments are
lowered as compared to consignments by sea.
Bill of Entry
• The bill of entry is a document, prepared by the importer or his clearing agent in the
prescribed form under Bill of Entry Regulations, 1971, on the strength of which clearance goods
can be made.
• Bill of entry is a document.
• The bill of entry is drawn in triplicate.
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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Main- objective:
The main objective of the study of the export procedure and documentation was to know how
goods are being exported from India to different countries of the world. What procedure do they
follow and which documents are required by the exporters to become legal and authorized
exporters of India.
Sub –Objectives:
Ø To know about export import process.
Ø To get the first hand experience in the field of manufacturing unit.
Ø To study the transportation cost associated with different modes.
Ø To know the requirement of the customer.
Ø Toanalyse the current situation of export products.
Ø To determine the total cost expensed on a single product.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
This project is all about to know about export procedure and documentation required for
shipment. This project puts more focus on to know custom clearness, to make export invoice, to
get shipping bill number from custom department etc. This project also give due importance to
how a product is packaged properly to protect it from damage and for safe shipment of it. The
procedure involved in staring an export house with desired documents and memorandum is also
being studied in this project.
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49
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research in general refers to the search of knowledge. One can also define research as a
scientific & systematic collection of information.
In simple words research is the careful investigation or enquiry of markets especially through
search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
The methodology adopted for the project was as follows:
Direct Consultation: This includes direct interaction with staff of the organization regarding
the problems that I encountered during the research.
Data Collection: Data was mainly collected from the internal reports of the company and
gathering further information. I have also referred to the various secondary sources.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design is the conceptual blueprint for collection, measurement and analysis of data.
Research design stands for advance planning of the methods to the adopted for collecting the
relevant data and the techniques to be used in their analysis keeping in view the objectives of the
research and the availability of staff, time and money. Two broad classes of research design are
identifed as:
exploratory research design
descriptive research design
The research design used in the project report is descriptive research design. A Descriptive
research design is a scientific method which involves observing and describing the behaviour of
a subject without influencing it in any way.
50
Research: Descriptive
Research Technique: Qualitative & Quantitative
Tools Used: E-mail & Telephonic
Data Source: Primary & Secondary
DATA COLLECTION METHOD
Data collection is the basic step and of importance on which authenticity of study depends.
Before going for the study the researcher have to collect the appropriate data required for the
study. Source of allocation of data are two types.
• Primary Data
• Handouts given by the company guide
• Telephone
• Questionnaire
• Secondary Data
• Packaging List
• Shipping Bill
• Website of Concept Creations
• Files maintained by the departments
• Books and Journals
51
SAMPLE SIZE:
The sample size for the study was 100.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of study pertains to the following:
The study comprises the understanding of Export Procedure and Documentation at Concept
Creations
• The survey consists of 100 respondents who are asked general questions relating to
export activities
• The study helped to get an insight about the awareness of export activities among the
employees
52
53
ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Q1: Nature of company
Table
S. No. Options No. of Respondents
1. Manufacturing 85%
2. Trading Company 15%
Figure
Nature of company
ManufacturingTrading Company
The figure shows that: of the total, 85% nature of Company is Manufacturing. However, 15%
is as trading.
54
Q2: Number of year of operation
Table
S. No. Options No. of Respondents
1. More than 40 years 80
2. Less than 40 years 16
3. Can’t specify exactly 4
Figure
More than 40 years Less than 40 years Can’t specify exactly0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Number of year of operation
The table shows that: Majority of the respondents know that the Company is operating since
1970’s.
55
Q3: Presence of the Company in major international retail chain stores
Table
S. No. Options No. of Respondents
1. Yes 75
2. No 25
Figure
Presence of the Company in major international retail chain stores
YESNO
The figure shows that: The survey proves that the Company occupies prominent shelf space
of major retail chains.
56
Q4: Awareness about international norms that are applicable for the Company’s products
Table
S. No. Options No. of Respondents
1. Yes 85
2. No 15
Figure
Awareness about international norms
yesno
The figure shows that: 85% of the respondents are aware of the fact that international norms are
applicable on the Company’s products.
57
Q5: Information about the changed or new regulation schemes for exports
Table
S. No. Options No. of Respondents
1. By domestic information sources 80
2. By foreign/international information sources 20
Figure
Information about the changed or new regula-tion schemes for exports
By domestic information sourcesBy foreign/international informa-tion sources
The figure shows that: Majority of respondents believe that domestic sources of information
provide all information related to changed or new schemes.
Q6: Mode of transport the Company uses the most
58
Table
S. No. Options No. of Respondents
1. Road 25
2. Ocean 60
3. Air 15
Figure
MODE OF TRANSPORT
ROADOCEANAIR
The figure shows that: Most of the respondents observed that the Company uses ocean to
transport majority of its products.
Q7: Interest of employees in attending seminars on export.
59
Table
S. No. Options No. of Respondents
1. Yes 70%
2. No 30%
Figure
Interest of employees in attending seminars on export
YesNo
The figure shows that: 70% of the respondents have shown interest in attending seminars
related to exports.
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61
FINDING & SUGGESTION
FINDINGS
• Most of the material used is imported which increases the cost, rather than exploiting the
local resources of Panipat.
• More emphasis is on floor coverings while other products like curtains, bed coverings,
also seems attractive.
• Demand of carpet is so high that capacityenhan cement proves to be glamour.
• Availability of all kinds of fibres like silk, cotton, wool and even high quality synthetic
fibres.
• The organised sector is more developed than unorganised sector. The people who are
involved in weaving section or are related to home furnishing items are still using
traditional mode of producing carpets, rugs like pit loom. Due to this reason, these
unskilled labors lack behind in the development of not their professions but also in their
personal development.
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SUGGESTIONS
• Concept Creations should utilize Panipat vicinity resources so as to increase employment
opportunities as it has maximum export from Panipat.
• Concept Creations should concentrate on others products like curtains, bed coverings etc
to increase market share.
• As according to its carpet demand it should increase its capacity so as to meet the
required demand in the market.
• It should diversify itself to other than Panipat area also and should not mainly concentrate
on export & import.
• Short term liability such as salary, wages should not be immediately paid. Time duration
of 10-15 days should be kept for the payment of these liabilities this will increase the cast
balance within the organization.
63
64
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
• Concept Creations have a good location area in the vicinity of Panipat but it’s not able to
explore the city’s resources in an efficient manner. So it’s concluded that the
management has the finance available but it’s not able to invest in a right direction.
Therefore it should take in concentration the financial analysis of concern statement to
take appropriate decisions.
• Textile industry in India has vast scope to grow as Panipat is the hub of textile industries
and there are many options available to manufacture textile products. Such as weaving
and designing. Concept Creations is basically in weaving section. It’s recommended to
more into designing also which will increase the financial health.
• Last but not the least this project work aims to gather the knowledge of financials loo-
pools of the company and in this research work I have contributed best of my experience
in Concept Creations.
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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
• Lack of Experience: I was new on the topic which was assigned to me. So lack of
experience in getting information from respondents came in to the way of collecting
the relevant data.
• Data Collection Constraints: Since most of the data used is secondary in nature, this
poses the constraints on the validity and reliability of the data.
• Busy Employees: Employees are not available as are busy in their work
• Appointments: There was a problem in taking appointments from the managers.
• Sources: Sources were confounded some time to give proper information.
• Area: The office area was very congested.
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FUTURE DIRECTION OF THE RESEARCH
This study considers only studying the export procedures and documentation, which was more
descriptive rather than exploratory. I would suggest that further efforts can be made on studying
various export policies, incentives, subsidies offered by the Government.
The sample consists of only the executives of the textile mills while other employees can be part
of the study. It is important to have motivated employees to achieve the milestone set by the
organization by performing their duties and responsibilities so in future impact should be seen on
the motivation level of the employees.
Revise our policies and educate our big and small entrepreneurs regarding different compliance
requirements to the Textile industry. It would help the industry to upgrade their production
facilities and management systems in the changing world scenario, which ultimately would
enhance the image of the industry in international markets and would help to boost of exports of
Indian in Textile industry.
67
68
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Websites:
• www.google.com (retrieved on 11.6.12)
• www.customs.gov.sg (retrieved on 22.7.12)
• www.indiancarpets.com (retrieved on 1.7.2012)
• www.marketresearch.com (retrieved on 25.6.12)
• www.conceptcreationsgroup.com (retrieved on 27.06.12)
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Books on EXPORT MARKETING:
• Pepsi Handbook of Indian Exports, Global Business Press.
• C Ramagopal, Export Import Procedures- Documentation and Logistics, New Age
International publication.
• Export And Import Production Analysis, 4th edition,2004, Abhinav Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
• Thomas E. Johnson, Export/Import Procedures and Documentation, 3rd addition, 1997,
Amacom publication.
• Rathore, B.S., Export Marketing Himalaya Publishing House.
Books on Research Methodology:.
• Cooper &swindler, Business Research Methods, TMH, 6th edition.
• Kothari, C.R. Research Methodology, 3rd edition, 1997, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd,
New DelhiResearch Methods in Management by Geoff Lancaster
70
QUESTIONNAIRE
• NAME _________________________
• SEX _____male ________female
• AGE ______0 TO 15 ______15 TO 30 ______30 TO 45 ______45 TO 60
• EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
___SSLC ____HSC _____DIPLOMA _____UG _____PG ________Other
• DEPARTMENT
______production _____HR ______R&D ______account _______other
• YEAR OF SERVICE
______less than 1 _______1 to 5 _______5 to 10 _______more than 10
Q1: What is the nature of your company?
• Manufacturing
• Trading company
• Multinational company
Q2: How long has your business been in operation?
• More than 40 years
• Less than 40 years
• Can’t specify exactly
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Q3: Does the Company occupy shelf space in major international retail chains?
• Yes
• No
Q4: Are you aware if international norms are applicable for the Company’s products?
• Yes
• No
Q5: How are you informed about the changed or new regulation schemes for exports?
• By Domestic Information Sources
• By International Information Sources
Q6: Which mode of transport the Company uses the most?
• Road
• Ocean
• Air
Q7: Are employees interested to attend seminars on export?
• Yes
• No
Suggestion if any: ______________________________________________________________
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