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External Nose- Bony
External Nose- Cartilaginous
• Dangerous area of the face
• Dangerous area of the nasal cavity
Nasal cavity
• Medial wall (Septum)• Lateral wall• Roof • Floor Respiratory Olfactory VestibuleAnterior nares (nostrils)Posterior nares (choanae)
Vestibule
Nasal septum• Bony
– Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
– Perpendicular plate of Vomer
– Nasal crest of maxilla
– Nasal crest of palatine bone
– Rostrum of sphenoid
• Cartilaginous – Quadrilateral cartilage
• Membranous– Forms the columella
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
Ostio-meatal Complex (OMC)
Mucosa
• Respiratory area– Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium– Mucous glands and goblet cells
• Olfactory area• Vestibule
– SkinTurbinates: Vasular with submucosal
sinusoids (Cavernous tissue)
Blood supply
Little’s area
• Caudal part of the nasal septum which has a rich submucosal arterial network: Septal branches of– Anterior ethmoidal– Sphenopalatine– Greater palatine– Superior labial
• Prone for drying effect of inspired air and to microtrauma due to picking of the nose
• Commonest cause and site of epistaxis in children• DD: Bleeding from retrocolumellar vein
Sphenopalatine artery is considered as THE artery of epistaxis
Nerve supply
• Maxillary N– Sphenopalatine
– Lesser and greater palatine
• Anterior ethmoidal N• Olfactory • Autonomic- Vidian N
Lymphatic drainage
• Anterior part– Submandibular lymph nodes
• Posterior part– Retropharyngeal lymph nodes– Jugulo-digastric lymph nodes