Extreme Science 4

8/16/2019 Extreme Science 4

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Life on the edge:Science to the extreme

Dr. Shirin Haque

Short courses 2013

National Science Centre

Session :String theor!

" #arallel

uni$erses


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Course outline

• 12 %anuar!: session 1 : S#ecial relati$it! & the e'ects oftra$elling at extremel! high s#eeds. Could (e ha)ardousto !our health* +eneral relati$it!.

• 1, %anuar!: session 2 : -uantum echanics & the

uncertain life of the extremel! small.• 2/ %anuar!: session 3: ime tra$el and tele#ortation & the

real truth.

• our #roect&&&&&&&&& carni$al and folloing ee4 &&&&&&&&&&&

• 1/ 5e(ruar!: session : 6arallel 7ni$erses8 multi$erses8

string theor! and other grandiose schemes.

• 23 5e(ruar!: session 9: t!ing it all in & is this the real life oris it ust a fantas! ;here do e go from here ulti#lechoice.


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The most incomprehensiblething about our universe is that

it is comprehensible- Einstein


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Teleportation

Time travel


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+rand uni


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Standard model

• =emar4a(le theor! hich illions of dollars8 the seat ofthousands of ?ngineers and6h!sicists and tent! No(el #ri)es

ha$e gone into assem(ling #iece (!#iece the standard model o$er thelast fe decades.


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@t C?=N Ath %ul!8 2012


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he B10>


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he +od #article

• Leon Lederman ga$e this name tothe Higgs (oson in his (oo4 The GodParticle: If the Universe Is the

Answer, What Is the Question?

• intended title8 the +oddamn6article8 as reected (! the

#u(lisher*


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Classical


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;hat do e ant

?$er!thing** EG?F


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+7s and G?s.

A theory that brings gravity,relativity and quantum physicstogether is called a Theory of

Everything (TOE) or Grand uniedtheory (G!T)"


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-uantum 5ield heor! E-5F

quantum quantum

?lectrod!namics Chromod!namics

-?D -CD

Eho charged #articles Eho nucleus is held togetherF

interactF


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-uantum electrod!namicsE-?DF

@ quantum theor! of the interactions ofcharged #articles ith theelectromagnetic


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-?D


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-uantum Chromod!namicsE-CDF

-CD descri(es the forces that (indquar4s &instead of $irtual #hotons8 thestrong force is transferred (! gluons

hich o$ercomes the re#ulsi$eelectrostatic forces.


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7nited e stand

-uantum +ra$it!

• 7nderstanding of the fundamentalforces of Nature ill require auni


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Scale of things...

-uantum #h!sics EsmallestF

classical#h!sics

Ee$er!da! ex#erience general relati$it!EgrandestF


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;h! Ste#hen8 this isnonsense*


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Ha4ing radiation A +=meets -5


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Ha4ing =adiation

Another e#ample of quantum

gravity phenomenon is $a%&ingradiation $a%&ing radiatione#plores the behavior of particleproduction near the event hori'on

of quantum si'ed blac& holes"


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String theor! A quantumgra$it!

• @ (old theor! that attem#ts to reconcile allthe #h!sical #ro#erties of the uni$erse intoa single uni


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String theor! & 1,/I

String heor! descri(es energ! andmatter as (eing com#osed of tin!8iggling strands of energ! that loo4

li4e strings. he #itch of a stringJs$i(ration determines the nature of itse'ect. 6redicts 10 s#ace time

dimensions*


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• he (asic indi$isi(le (uilding (loc4s ofnature are not #oint&li4e8 hich is afeature of #articles.

• =ather the! are a$eli4e....i.e. onedimensional strings.

• he current estimate of the si)e of

these strings is a(out 10&39m8 farsmaller than e can see toda!8 e$enat C?=N.


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athematics...our onl!ho#e*


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• Characteristic si)e of string A 6lanc4length

• f a h!drogen atom ere as (ig asour galax!8 6lanc4 length ould (ethe si)e of a hair.


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usic to the ear*

• Ki(rating strings....

• he di'erent #articles and forces are ust the fundamental strings $i(rating

in a multitude of di'erent a!s.

• Higher frequenc! A ? hf A greaterenerg!

• ? mcM28 leads to formation of )ooof #articles ith di'erent masses.


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;hat can a string do


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Strings ha$e man! modes of

$i(rations


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alu)a&lein theor!

alu)a8 a +erman mathematician and#h!sicist8 reali)ed in 1,1, that axellJsequations of electricit! and magnetism arisenaturall! from ?insteinJs equations of generalrelati$it! if he added an extra dimension.

lein8 a theoretical #h!sicist in Seden8reali)ed in the 1,20s that extra dimensions

can (e so small that e cannot o(ser$ethem directl!.

&>asic ingredient of all string theories&

l d 4l i 1,1,


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alu)a and 4lein A 1,1,&1,20

• Gne8 to8 three8 four....


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;here are the extradimensions

• Curled u#8 com#acti


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he mother of all theories...

the so&called M-theory . stands formother Eas in mother of all theoriesFor mem(rane8 or m!ster!8 or e$en

matrix8 magic8 monster de#ending onho !ou as4.


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D&(rane

trong, %ea& andelectromagnetic forces arecarried by open strings, each

attached to their branes" Gravityis carried by closed strings, freeto travel bet%een branes


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n essence8 String heor! descri(ess#ace and time8 matter and energ!8

gra$it! and light8 indeed all of +odJscreation... as music.=o! H. ;illiams


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6rediction of string theor!

ulti$erse is a theor! that ouruni$erse is not the onl! one (utstates that man! uni$erses exist#arallel to each other. he distinctuni$erses are 4non as #aralleluni$erses.


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he multi$erse


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5our le$els of

uni$erses


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;hich le$el

• Gurs le$el 1 le$el 2


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Le$el 3 uni$erse


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7ni$erses ith all


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7ni$erses ith all#ossi(ilities


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St i th d ll l


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String theor! and #arallel

uni$erses

he most (eautiful thing e canex#erience is the m!sterious. t is thesource of all true art and all science.

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Extreme Science 4

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