1

EYE TRACKING SYSTEMBY

SUNDAY SAVIOUR

FUG/BSC/COM.SC/012/094A

SEMINARPRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT

OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

FIDEI UNIVERSITY

GBOKO BENUE STATE3 FEBUARY 2014

2

ABSTRACT

– The eye tracking system is basically emphasizing on the measurement of the eye activity. Such as were do we look? What do we ignore? When do we blink? How does the pupil react to different stimuli? Eye tracking system or gaze tracking is a technology that consist in calculating the eye gaze point of a user as he or she looks round the device by means of information extracted from the users eye. A device equip with an eye tracker enables users to use their eye gaze as an input modality as means of operating your smart phones and device.

3

INTRODUCTION

Human communication with computers and other automated machinery can be vastly enhanced and accelerated by eye tracking.

The eye tracking system allows users to direct a smart phone, tablets, computer and other devices with just the look of an eye. The high- resolution sensor allows the subject free head movement across a wide rage, while the powerful software automatically locates the eye and compensates motion.

4

THE EYE• The retina is a sensitive structure inside of the eye responsible

for transforming light into signals , which are later converted Into an image by the visual cortex in the brain. The fovea is a section of the retina that contains high density of both kinds of light receptor cells found in the eye, i.e. cone and rod cells. Rod cells which are mostly located on the outer retina, have low spatial resolution, are able to support vision in low light condition, do not discriminate colors, are sensitive to object movement and are responsible for peripheral vision . Cone cells, which are densely packedwithin the central visual field, function bestin bright light, process acute images anddiscriminate colors.

5

DIAGRAM OF THE EYE

6

CALIBRATION

Prior to using an eye tracker the user needs to undergo a personal calibration process. The reason for this is that each person has a different eye characteristic , and the eye tracking software needs to model these in order to estimate gaze accurately.when the system is calibrated the eye tracking software calculates the user’s eye gaze coordinates with an average accuracy of around 0.5 to 1° visual angle.

7

CALIBRATION DIAGRAM

8

USER IN FRONT OF EYE TRACKER

9

TRACKING PROCESS

• The user needs to be located within the tracker’s track box which is enable by the eye sensor embedded inside the device the user is operating, the eye sensor contains a camera that captures the action of the eye before processing the action captured . The camera tracks the reflection of the light source along with the pupil. The data is use to determine the rotation of the eye , direction of gaze and blink frequency

10

USE CASES

• Eye tracking applications are divided into two categories : active and passive

• Active: in active eye tracking , an eye tracker enables the user to use their eye movements as an input modality to control a device, it can be an application or a game. The users eye gaze point can be combined with other input modalities like buttons, keyboards, mouse or touch , in order to create a more natural interaction.

• Passive: it makes it possible to observed and evaluate human attention objectively and non intrusively, enabling you to increase the impact of your visual design and communication.

11

EYE MOVEMENT

• Eye movement can be classified into fixations and saccades; fixations occur when we look at a given point, while saccades occur when we perform large eye movement.

12

EXAMPLES OF EYE CONTROLLED APPLICATIONS

• WEB BROWSER• PDF READER: That scrolls automatically as the user reads on

the button part of the page.• User interface on which icon can be activated by looking at

them.• Ninja fruit slice: where a fruit is been slice by looking at it

and slanting your eye• An adventure game where characters react to the player

looking at them.• An on screen keyboard designed to enable people with

severe motor disabilities to write text.

13

EYE TRACKING SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

• EYE SENSOR• INFRARED LIGHT SOURCE• CAMARA• EYE • C++ or java compilar

14

CONCLUSION

• In a way it is possible to interact with your devices with just a look at your device, this is a more natural way of human computer interaction . Although the technology is not rampaged in the market but it does exist in the real world computing.

15

BIBLIOGRAPHY• Duda, S. (2009). My phone is my castle: Facing the Special Challenges

of Mobile Usability Studies. CHI 2009• Workshop: Mobile User Experience Research: Challenges, Methods &

Tools (Unpublished) .• Hagen, P., Robertson, T., Kan, M., & Sadler, K. (2005). Emerging

research methods for understanding mobile• technology use. Proceedings of the 17th Australia conference on

Computer Human Interaction: Citizens Online:‐• Considerations for Today and the Future. 122, pp. 1 10. Canberra, ‐

Australia: Computer Human Interaction‐• International Telecommunication Union. (2009, March 16). Measuring

the Information Society The ICT‐• Development Index. Retrieved January 7, 2010, from International

Telecommunication Union:.