F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC Leonhardt RC Model Flugerprobung...

Project pilot: Gunar Leonhardt 1

Gunar F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC

Leonhardt RC Model

Flugerprobung Initial Flight Test Report F- 35

Reference: EB FTS 03/2012 ZWB 01

Great thanks to WTD 61 !

Mainly flight test campaign at ETSI

Photo: H.-J. Langer

Issue: official version



Leonhardt RC Model


Contents of the presentation:

1. Introduction (very detailed)

2. Preparation and test objectives of flight test campaign at ETSI

3. Results of flight test campaign

4. SummaryPhoto: by FMS



Leonhardt RC Model


The model airplane under test is a development of the companyFMS (www.fmsmodel.com).

It is a semi scale model (scale ~1:15) of the Lockheed Martin F- 35 LIGHTNING II AA-1, which was manufactured for the useas initial test aircraft at Lockheed Martin (LM) and for the USAF.

The full scale AA-1 went through his maiden flight with Jon Beesley (LM) at the controls on December 15th, 2006.

The fuselage, the wings, the elevator units and the finassemblies of the model are manufactured mainly of EPOFLEX foam material.

1. IntroductionFundamental



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

The model is driven by an Electric Ducted Fan (EDF) witha diameter of 64 mm.

A Graupner Remote Control (RC) System MC 19 together withthe Jeti Duplex 2.4 GHz system are used to control and monitor the airplane.

The airplane is controlled with elevators and ailerons in theair and through the nose undercarriage on the ground. Theundercarriage is not retractable and no brakes are installed.

Fundamental



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

The kit for this model was bought from the company Hobbyflyat the end of August 2012.

The assembly of the airplane could be finished in the middleof September 2012. Then the flight test programme 03/2012 was written.

Fundamental

Photo: H.-J. Langer



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

To be able to carry out the planned F- 35 model testingeffectively and safe, as usual in the project FTS, a flight test programme was written. Remarks: To save time in this case in German language.

Nr: EP FTS 03/2012 “ Erprobungsprogramm 03/ 2012 ”

This test programme introduces the aircraft to be tested and fixed the contents as well as the conditions of the tests.

FTP

Flight Test Programme



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

Also the test philosophy and the test objectives are explained in thisdocument.

Main test objectives are the assessment of the F-35 mode land the reliability assessment of the Jeti telemetry-sy stem .

Remarks: Whether the calibration of the Jeti telemetry- system sensors are correct, isn't contents of thisassessment. It is the acceptance that all sensors are calibrated correctly.

The assessment of the model is mainly subdivided into three sections / phases: Ground tests, Taxi tests and Flight tests.

FTP




Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

Altogether 21 different main test points were defined forthe ground testing and 14 different main test points were definedfor the taxi testing of the F-35 model.

The flight test constitutes the main part of the assessment of thisairplane. Therefore 50 flights with hundreds of test points havebeen defined.

FTP




Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

From my point of view this is the first time that such an extensive test program has been made for the assessment of a RC flight model.

Also it is an attempt to transfer the flight test principles and techniques of full scale airplanes to flight models.

As far as this is possible at all !

FTP




Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

In the meantime the required ground and taxi testing couldalmost be completed. The not quite unproblematic maiden flight could be carried out successfully on September 23rd, 2012. (in the second attempt)

After the 2nd flight the airplane was provided with the at least necessary telemetry- system equipment (FTI) and a newradome. *Flight Test Instrumentation

FTP




Leonhardt RC Model


The F-35 airplane model is reduced to the following mainsystems:

- the airplane structure (System 53, 55, 57)

- the (flight control) RC system (System 27)

- the propulsion system (System 71, 72)

- the power supply „system“ (System 24)

- the undercarriage and (System 32)

- the flight test instrumentation (FTI) (System 96)

1. Introduction

Photo: by FMS

Fundamental



Leonhardt RC Model


WINGSPAN: 715 mm (28,2 inches)

LENGTH: 960 mm (37,8 inches)

WEIGHT: 640g (22,6 oz) without FTI

POWER SUPPLY : 11,1 V 2200 mA 30 C Li-Po Battery

PROPULSION SYSTEM: 64 mm Ducted Fan with Outrunner

Brushless Motor and Electronic Speed Controler (ESC)

Photo: H.-J. Langer

Fundamental 1. Introduction



Leonhardt RC Model


1. IntroductionRC SYSTEM: Transmitter MC 19 with

Jeti TU 2 HF Modul + Jeti Box Mini

Receiver Jeti R 5 sensitivity -98 dBm output power 6 dBm

4 channels in use

FTI: # Jeti MGPS Sensor # Jeti Box Profi

# Jeti MSpeed Sensor # PC Software Flight

# Jeti MVario Sensor Monitor

Photo: G. Leonhardt

Fundamental



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

The aircaft is equipped with a pitot tube for Ps and Pt air-data acquisition to the Jeti MSpeed sensor.

Photo: H.-J. Langer

Photo: H.-J. Langer

Ps = static pressure and Pt = total pressure

FTI System



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

Control and FTI Data flow

Control Data

FTI Data 2 to Jeti Box Mini

FTI Data 1 to Jeti Box Profi

External cockpit Transmitter MC19

Photo: G. Leonhardt

Photo: H.-J. Langer

Jeti Box Profi

Photo: G. Leonhardt

PCFlight Monitor Software

Jeti Box Mini

FTI and RC

System



Leonhardt RC Model


Jeti

Receiver R5

Servo LH Elevator

Servo RH Elevator

Servo LH Aileron

Servo RH Aileron

Servo NLG Contr.

Expander E4

Jeti MSpeed

Jeti MVario

Jeti MGPS

On board systems

ESC

BATTERY

EDF

1. IntroductionCurrent

Control Data

FTI Data

Pitot Tube

RC SystemFTI System

NLG = Nose Landing Gear



Leonhardt RC Model


FTI System

Jeti E4

1. Introduction

Technical Parameter Expander E4

Dimensions [mm] 36x20x5 Weight with cables (g) 4 Temperature range min (°C) -10Temperature range max (°C) +85Supply voltage (V) 3,2 ÷ 8,4 Current consumption (mA) 8

The Duplex Expander E4 is used to collect all the sensor data and to send thesevia the receiver and the transmitter to the JETIBOX terminals.

Photo: H.-J. Langer



Leonhardt RC Model


Technical Description MGPS

The MGPS sensor defines, based on the Satellite Positioning System (GPS), theexact model position and calculates speed, altitude and distance from the point of origin, furthermore the course, azimuth and the total covered distance.

With the aid of the wireless DUPLEX system actual informations of the MGPS sensor can be transmitted and depicted in real time by the JETIBOX terminals.

Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MGPS

FTI System

Jeti MGPS

1. Introduction

Photo: H.-J. Langer



Leonhardt RC Model


Technical Parameter MGPS

Dimensions [mm] 50x30x12,5 Weight incl. Cables (g) 24 Memory 32768 1024 recordingsRecording time* (h/min) 9 / 6 Operating temperature (°C) -20 till 85 Supply voltage (V) 3,5 - 8,4 Mean current consumpt. (mA) 40 Maximum consumption (mA) 100

Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MGPS

FTI System

Jeti MGPS

1. Introduction

Photo: H.-J. Langer

* maximal



Leonhardt RC Model


1. IntroductionFTI System

Jeti MVario

Technical Description MVario

The MVario is a sensor to measure the atmospherical (static) pressure and to calculate with the obtained data the altitude above sea level, the rate of climb as well as the rate of descent and it records extreme values of these data.

The changes of rates of climb and descent are signalled and if preadjusted limits are exceeded, alerts are calling for attention. Informations of the sensor aretransmitted via the Duplex System in real time to the JETIBOX terminals.

Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MVario

Photo: H.-J. Langer



Leonhardt RC Model



Jeti MVario

Technical Parameter MVario

Dimensions [mm] 20x11x5 Weight with cables (g) 6 Measuring accuracy of absolute/relative altitude (m/m) ±9 / ±3Measurement range (hPa) 300 ÷ 1100 Operating temperature (°C) -10 ÷ 85 Supply voltage (V) 3,5 ÷ 8,4 Current consumption (mA) 6

Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MVario

Photo: H.-J. Langer



Leonhardt RC Model


Technical Description MSpeed

The MSpeed is a sensor which measures the speed of a flying model throughthe air, to provide the indicated airspeed (IAS).

The measurement of airspeed is based on the principle of change in total pressure, measured by a pitot tube, which is connected by silicon tubing.

Informations of the sensor are transmitted via the Duplex System in real time to the JETIBOX terminals. Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MSpeed


Jeti MSpeed

Photo: H.-J. Langer



Leonhardt RC Model


Technical Parameter MSpeed

Dimensions [mm] 22x25x13Pitot tube dimensions (mm) 54x3 Weight complete (g) 21 Precision (km/h) 5 Limit (km/h) 20 - 350Operating temperature (°C) 0 - 85 Operating Voltage (V) 3,5 - 8,4 Current (mA) 10

Source: INSTRUCTION MANUAL Jeti MSpeed


Jeti MSpeed

Photo: H.-J. Langer

Photo: H.-J. Langer



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

MGPS SensorTimeStamp hh:mm:ssLatitude °/mm/ssLongtude °/mm/ssQualiySatCount 1-12Altitude mDistance mGround Speed m/sAltRelativ mCourse °Azimuth °Impules msTrip mDate dd:mm:jj

MSpeed Sensor

Velocity m/sTemperature °/C

MVario Sensor

Vertical velocity m/sAbs. altit mRel. altit mAir pressure hPaTemperature °/C

FTI System Data

Photo: H.-J. Langer

Source: Jeti INSTRUCTION MANUALS



Leonhardt RC Model


FTI equipment installation positionsMSpeed +

Expander E4

MVario

MGPS


Photo: H.-J. Langer

Pitot Tube



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

Technical Description Transmitter

The MC-19 is a professional microcomputer remote control system using the state-of-the-art 2.4-GHz Jeti Duplex technology.

The use of the Jeti 2.4-GHz Duplex transmission technology ensures the highest in functional reliability thanks to the bidirectional communication between transmitter and receiver with the option to connect a telemetry jetibox on the transmitter (Jeti Box Mini).

The transmitter has a capacity of 20 model memories.Source: INSTRUCTION MANUALS Jeti Duplex and Graupner MC 19

Photo: G. Leonhardt

RC System



Leonhardt RC Model


Technical Parameter Transmitter

Dimensions [mm] ~225x215x70 Weight (g) ~1200 Channel pulse width (ms) 1,5 +/- 0,5Modulation Typ PPMOperating temperature (°C) -15 till +55 Supply voltage (V) 9,6 ÷ 12Current consumption (mA) 40Output power TU 2 (dBm) 20 = 100 mWCurrent consumption TU2 (mA) 38

Source: INSTRUCTION MANUALS Jeti Duplex and Graupner MC 19

1. Introduction

Photo: G. Leonhardt

RC System



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

Transmitter/ (External Cokpit) MC 19 Funktions and Displays

Rollstick

Throttel-stick

Yawstick

Pitch-stick

FTI- Display

Photo: G. Leonhardt

Transmitter- LCD Screen

Graupner Mode 1Throttel at right stick

RC System

Photo: G. Leonhardt

Jeti Box Mini


Photo: by FMS


Leonhardt RC Model


1. IntroductionFundamental SoftwareThe software for this model airplane is subdivided into usersoftware and firmware. (Firmware only by manufacturer update alterable)

These software parts are needed both for the remotecontrol system and for the flight test instrumentation.

Different parts of the complete software are integrated in the onboard systems and in the transmitter.

These parts of the user software has have developed in theProject FTS.



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

The respective software version is marked by a softwareversion number and corresponds to a so-called programmesoftware configuration (PSC).

Up till now three software versions have been programmed.

The test programme started with the ground test softwareversion PSC 1.1.1

Fundamental Software Photo: by FMS



Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

The current programme software configuration is„PSC 3.2.1“The number „3….." for example describes the phase of thetesting, in this case the flight test phase, the number „..2..“the software version of the transmitter and the number „….1“the software version of the receiver.Only one unplanned user software change was necessaryup to now. For the evaluation of the FTI data after a flight, the Jeti PC Software "Flight Monitor" is in use.

Fundamental Software Photo: by FMS


Photo: by FMS


Leonhardt RC Model


1. Introduction

Jeti PC Software: „Flight Monitor“

Fundamental Software



Leonhardt RC Model


1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results Ground Tests

System tests ResultsAirplane structure SATISFACTORYFlight control system SATISFACTORYPower supply SATISFACTORYUndercarriage SATISFACTORYPropulsion system UNACCEPTABLEPhoto: H.-J. Langer

Photo: by FMS



Leonhardt RC Model


1. IntroductionFundamental Previous Test Results

Photo: by FMS

System tests ResultsCenter of Gravity (CG) Longitudinal axis SATISFACTORY

Center of gravity 85 mm behind the datum linePre-flight software verification tests SATISFACTORYAileron deflection tests SATISFACTORYElevator deflection tests SATISFACTORYNose Landing Gear deflection tests SATISFACTORY

Ground Tests



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS

System tests ResultsEWD SATISFACTORY

Elevator angle to horizontal level of the fuselage = 5°RC System range test SATISFACTORYServo linkages tests SATISFACTORYAircraft vibration tests SATISFACTORYLanding Gear fastening tests UNACCEPTABLE

.

Ground Tests



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS

Taxi TestsTestpoints ResultsGround steering capabilityLow speed (up to 10 kt) SATISFACTORYHigh speed (up to nose rotation speed ) SATISFACTORYAcceleration tests SATISFACTORYDeceleration tests (without brakes) SATISFACTORYNose rotation capability tests UNACCEPTABLEBecause due to distance exceedance between Main Landing Gear(MLG) position and CG position. Recommendation was: Installation point of the MLG must be ~ 2 cm nearer to the longitudinal CG position(ER).



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS

Flight Tests

Maiden flight (1st attempt) Result: UNACCEPTABLE !

23.09.2012 12:30-12:31 Model airfield: MBV Erftstadt Runway 18 / VFR

After the first lift off it came to a immediate out of control situation due to a pilot-induced oscillation (PIO) event caused by overcontrol around the longitudinal axis. Because of strong oszillations one of the wing tips touched the groundand the airplane somersaulted. Fortunately only thefuselage radome was damaged slightly and the flight tests could be continued on this day. Recommendation was: Aileron deflection must bereduced by 20 % before the next test flight (ER).

.Photo: G. Leonhardt



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS

Flight Tests

Maiden flight (1st attempt) Result: UNACCEPTABLE !


Remarks:

The deflection angles of the ailerons weren't changed after delivery of the airplane and the „FMS F-35 OPERATING MANUAL“ doesn't containany details which deflection angles have to be adjusted.

Photo: G. Leonhardt



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS

Flight Tests

Maiden flight (second attempt)


TEST OBJECTIVES: - determine engine reliability and- flight control characteristics- perform a safe landing

Test ResultsEngine reliability SATISFACTORYFlight control characteristics SATISFACTORYAircarft stability SATISFACTORY



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS

Flight Tests



Aircraft structure - radome UNSATISFACTORY

Recommendation was:

Radome should be repaired / changed before the 3rd test flight.

Highly Desirable !



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS

Flight Tests



SummaryAll systems of the airplane and the aircraft itself have performed as expected.

All tests objectives could be accomplished.

The first general impression of the airplane was positive after the fright of thefirst attempt.



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS

Flight Tests

Second Flight


TEST OBJECTIVES: - determine again engine reliability- and flight control characteristics- perform a second safe landing

Test ResultsEngine reliability SATISFACTORYFlight control characteristics UNSATISFACTORYAircarft stability SATISFACTORY



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS

Flight Tests

Second Flight


Flight control characteristics UNSATISFACTORY

Pilot Comment: The airplane reacts (still) very sensitive to rollcontrol inputs witha tendency to overcontrol.

Recommendation was: The flight control characteristics should be improved byfine justification of the flight control software. E.g. use 30% Expo at rollcontrol.

Highly Desirable !



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS


Aircraft structure - radome UNSATISFACTORY

Recommendation was:

Radome should be repaired / changed before the 3rd test flight.

Highly Desirable !

Flight Tests

Second Flight



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS


Aircraft stability SATISFACTORY

Pilot Comment: It seems that the airplane is more stable if the throttle is in maxpower position. (subjective impression)

Recommendation was: none

Remark: This observation is explicable by the stabilizing gyroscope effect of theengine.

Flight Tests

Second Flight



Leonhardt RC Model



Photo: by FMS


SummaryAll systems of the airplane have performed as expected with the exception of theabove mentioned deviations.

All tests objectives could be accomplished and the positive general impressionof the previous flight could be confirmed.

.

Flight Tests

Second Flight



Leonhardt RC Model


As a great surprise in 2012 there was the opportunity to carry out a one day test campaign at ETSI.

This was possible on invitation and with the kind support of Mr.Lieutenant-Colonel R. Hierl of the WTD 61, the official test center of the German Air Force at ETSI.

I was very pleased about this possibility and of course this event should be prepared very well.

2. Preparation of flight testcampaign at ETSI

Photo: Bundeswehr / WTD 61



Leonhardt RC Model


This test campaign at ETSI was planned for October 9th and the transfer of the airplane and the equipment was planned for October 8th.

The airplane and the equipment reached ETSI on October 8th, 2012 in the late afternoon.

All necessary technical preparations were already carried out in the home workshop.





Leonhardt RC Model




First the required information and a copy of the aeronauticsinsurance document were sent to the WTD 61.

The planned test flights were declared as special „event“ flightsoutside the regular flight test program.

However, in the whole assessment of the airplane the results of theETSI campaign were taken into account as well as the results of theregular test program.



Leonhardt RC Model


A flight safety and risk assessment was carried out to reduceexisting flight test programme restrictions for once.

This was necessary to be able to use an extended flight envelopeof the aircraft to carry out performance demonstrations at thiscampaign, at this very early time in the flight test programme.

As an Exception!





Leonhardt RC Model


The day of the campaign started with the usual briefing at 07:30 a.m. Unfortunately, the weather forecast for this day was so bad that thefirst flight of the day couldn't take place before 4:00 p.m. locally.

(low hanging clouds and rain, rain and rain)

The forecast for the surface wind wasn't much better, more and more increasing after 4:00 p.m.

.





Leonhardt RC Model


Three planned flights were scheduled for the F-35 model on mysortie board.

Due to other planned flights with a higher priority and because of the actual weather conditions at the airfield the first flight of theday was scheduled in the end for 4:30 p.m. locally.

.





Leonhardt RC Model


For take-offs and landings of model airplanes at the airfield ETSI the taxi way south, between A1 and A2, of the runway 25L isdetermined.

At this airfield every model pilot who wants to fly his model musthave received a special introduction and approval.

A steady communication link to the ATC tower has to be ensured.

.





Leonhardt RC Model


Model take-off an landing areataxiway south, between A1 and A2



Runway 25L




Leonhardt RC Model



TEST OBJECTIVES: - Pilot aerodrome familiarisation- Performance Demonstration - FTI System Test

Restriction: The extended flight envelope only applies to the flight numbers 3 and 4.

Flight Test Plan ETSI

1000515ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012

Min. Ceiling ftMin. Visibility kmMax. Wind ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate

FTI = Flight Test Instrumentation




Leonhardt RC Model



TEST OBJECTIVES: - Engine shutdown and relighting in flight. - Performance Demonstration

- FTI System TestRestriction: The extended flight envelope only applies to the flight numbers 3 and 4.

1000515ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012







Leonhardt RC Model



TEST OBJECTIVES: - Engine shutdown in flight - Engine inop landings- FTI System Test


1000515ETSI5PSC 3.2.109.10.2012






Leonhardt RC Model




Flight 1 at ETSIResults

>1000>5300/10ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012

Ceiling ftVisibility kmWind °/ktTO / LDG BaseFlight NumberSW VersionDate

TEST OBJECTIVES: - Pilot aerodrome familiarisation- Performance Demonstration - FTI System Test

Test ResultsPilot familiarisation SATISFACTORYPerformance Demonstration SATISFACTORYFTI system test SATISFACTORY



Leonhardt RC Model




>1000>5300/10ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012


Pilot aerodrome familiarisation SATISFACTORY

Pilot Comment:The familiarisation flight hasn't caused any problems. Sufficient obstacleclearance in all directions and an excellent take off and landing area.With one exception: A drainage gutter on the taxi way must be taken into accountwhich one represents a dangerous obstacle for small model aircraft wheels.Recommendation was: Land behind the drainage gutter at all landings.Remarks: none




Leonhardt RC Model




>1000>5300/10ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012


Performance Demonstration SATISFACTORY

Pilot Comment: In the context of the performance demonstration at this flight the first loopwas flown with the F-35 model.Recommendation was: noneRemarks: Initial speed of loop = 19,7 m/s, Exit speed of loop = 13,8 m/s, speed at the upper point of the loop = 5,1 m/s.




Leonhardt RC Model




>1000>5300/10ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012



Pilot Comment: In the context of the performance demonstration at this flight the first aileronroll was flown with the F-35 model.Recommendation was: noneRemarks: Initial speed of aileron roll = 17,8 m/s, Exit speed of aileron roll = 16,8 m/s, estimated rollrate with 90% rollstick input ~ 200 °/s.




Leonhardt RC Model




>1000>5300/10ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012


FTI System Test SATISFACTORY

Pilot Comment:The FTI system worked as expected and all information were displayed at the Jeti Box Mini and the Jeti Box Profi how selected and could be recordedin the Jeti Box Profi successful. The download of the flight data on a PC withthe Jeti software „Flight Monitor“ also could be carried out successfully in considerably short time.




Leonhardt RC Model



Flight 1 at ETSIFlight path

>1000>5300/10-15ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012





Leonhardt RC Model



Flight 1 at ETSIAltitude profile

Power on Take off Landing Power off

Jeti PC Flight Monitor Data

Taxi

16:51:3516:50:0112 m/s27,1 m/s71 m *14,6 m/s16:47:2616:45:28

Power off TimeLDG TimeLDG SpeedMax GPS SpeedMax Alt AGLT/O SpeedT/O TimePower on Time

1. LoopTaxi

1. Aileron Roll


* Indicated!



Leonhardt RC Model



Flight 1 at ETSISpeed profile

>1000>5300/10-15ETSI3PSC 3.2.109.10.2012


16:51:3516:50:0112 m/s27,1 m/s71 m *14,6 m/s16:47:2616:45:28



* Indicated!



Leonhardt RC Model



>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012


3. Results of flight test campaign Flight 2 at ETSI

Results

TEST OBJECTIVES: - Engine shutdown and relightning in flight - Performance Demonstration - FTI System Test

Test ResultsEngine shutdown and relighting in flight NOT ACCOMPLISHEDPerformance Demonstration SATISFACTORYFTI system test SATISFACTORY



Leonhardt RC Model



>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012



Results

Pilot Comment: This flight was influenced in a very annoying way by the given wind conditions and required much pilot compensation. Already shortly after the take-off the airplane got into a very short-time out of control situation. Suddenly the airplane was inverted by a combination of crosswind and transgression of the ISVCR (Individual Safe Visual Control Range) but could be recovered successfully by the pilot with a half loop downwards within three seconds. The flight was continued after this event with the scheduled programme relative unimpressed but without engine shutdown and relighting in flight.



Leonhardt RC Model




Results

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Vilocity Vario Rel. Alt it

Viloc ity 23,9 2 0,7 18,5 18,1 19,6 20 ,7 21 20,1 18,8

Vario 4,3 1,6 2,6 0 0 -2 ,2 -0,6 -0,6 0,1

Rel. A lt it 33,6 3 4,7 35,5 35,1 33,8 30 ,9 23,8 22,5 22,5

16:58:18 16 :58:19 16:58:19 16:58:20 16:58:21

Out of control situation data



Leonhardt RC Model



>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012



Results

Engine shutdown and relightning in flight NOT ACCOMPLISHED

Pilot Comment: Due to the strong crosswind conditions the corresponding test points to thisTEST OBJECTIVE couldn't be carry out.Recommendation was: Repeat these test points at the next test flight as an additional test objective.Remarks: Too high risk of losing the model.



Leonhardt RC Model



>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012



Results


Pilot Comment: During this performance demonstration another two loops wereflown successful. The first in wings level and the second with a little bank angle (~10°) to check the direction stability of the aircraft during loops. Recommendation was: noneRemarks: The direction stability did not show any unexpected behavior:



Leonhardt RC Model



>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012



Results

Performance Demonstration SATISFACTORYPilot Comment: In addition to the planned program of this flight the host test pilot asked for a max climb angel test. This test was carried out with the followingresult: After six seconds, by a too high choice of climb angle (~45°) this test hadto be stopped because the speed of the aircraft reached the estimated minimal permissible airspeed.Remarks: As the flight data pointed out the speed was only 6,4 m/s in the end. Itwas astonishing that the airplane still could be piloted very well and the stabilitywas also acceptable.



Leonhardt RC Model



>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012



Results

FTI system test SATISFACTORY

Pilot Comment: The FTI system worked as expected again. At the evaluation of the height dataof both flights, deviations between the airfield altidude data and the FTI altidudedata were discovered. Nevertheless the system works as designed.

Reason: The origin and the altitude above sea level were not set to ETSI.



Leonhardt RC Model



>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012



Results


Remarks: MGPS: Origin set up is very important for correct measurements of actual sensorvalues like distance and altitude.MVario: For exact measurements of the absolute altidude the known altitudeabove sea level must be set at a point, where the sensor will be operating furtheron. Source: INSTRUCTION MANUALS Jeti MGPS and MVario



Leonhardt RC Model



>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012



Results


Recommendation was: The before start up check list should be completed with the folowing points:

1. Set MGPS "Origin" to the current position of the aircraft2. Set MVario "Altitude" to the known altitude ASL of the used aerodrome

Highly Desirable !



Leonhardt RC Model



Flight 2 at ETSIFlight path

>1000>5300/10-19ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012





Leonhardt RC Model



Flight 2 at ETSIAltitude profile

Power on Power off

Jeti PC Flight Monitor Data

17:04:1617:02:138,8 m/s24,5 m/s105 m *15,0 m/s16:57:5116:56:02



* Indicated!



Leonhardt RC Model



Flight 2 at ETSISpeed profile

>1000>5300/17ETSI4PSC 3.2.109.10.2012


17:04:1617:01:378,8 m/s24,5 m/s105 m *15,0 m/s16:57:5316:56:02



* Indicated!



Leonhardt RC Model



TEST OBJECTIVES: - Engine shutdown in flight - Engine inop landings- FTI System TestFTI = Flight Test Instrumentation


Results

>1000>5300/17-20ETSI5PSC 3.2.109.10.2012




Leonhardt RC Model



TEST OBJECTIVES: - Engine shutdown in flight - Engine inop landings- FTI System TestFTI = Flight Test Instrumentation

Flight 3 at ETSI

Results


>1000>5300/17-20ETSI5PSC 3.2.109.10.2012




Leonhardt RC Model


4. SummaryThe work of preparation the campaign was completed at the right time.

The required documentation was prepared and utilizable at the test beginning.

The performed flights were strongly influenced by the weather conditions.

Not all defined TEST OBJECTIVES were accomplished due to the weatherconditions.

The Jeti telemetry system worked onehundred percent reliably and all sensor data could be downloaded from the Jeti box professional and evaluated with the "Flight Monitor„ software.

The airfield ETSI suits model flight testing very well and more experiencecould be gained again with the airplane and his qualities.



Leonhardt RC Model


4. SummaryParticularly the second flight showed that this airplane is still wellcontrollable at relatively strong wind, but it remains a vary lightweightmodel aircraft. This must be taken into account during operating thisairplane in strong wind conditions.

Therefore it is strongly recommended that the pilot is experienced in flyingthis model and flying under such conditions. The wind speed shouldn'texceed 15 knots for safety reasons.

The small measurements of length and wingspan of the airplane leadsrelatively fast to the transgression of the ISVCR in particular.

The EDF of the airplane works reliable and offers a sufficient engineperformance for fighter plane - typical maneuvers.

The assessment of the F-35 model will be continued in the year 2013.



Leonhardt RC Model


Thank you for your interest to this presentation.

Many thanks for the support of the F-35 model testing at ETSI to the WTD 61 and in special to

Mr R. Hierl.You shouldn't be afraid to contact me if you have questions related to this

presentation.

[email protected]

Photo: H.-J. Langer



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix

UNACCEPTABLEAssessment Classification

Explanation

Aircraft handling characteristics would be very likely to cause accidents with subsequent aircraft damage or loss. Precise aircraft control with operational requirements was not possible as pilot workload was increased to an unacceptable level, both of which could possibly result in mission failure.Aircraft performance characteristics would not permit the required mission to be achieved.



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix


Explanation

Assessed item or procedure restricted safe and fault-free aircraft operation and system management, or would possibly cause injury or aircraft damage. Efficient or safe aircraft operation / system management or carrying out a procedure was not possible, required undivided attention or caused intolerable distraction.



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix


Explanation

System functionality and performance would possibly cause injury or accidents with subsequent aircraft damage or loss, or would severely restrict the operational potential of the aircraft with a high probability of mission failure.



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix

UNSATISFACTORYAssessment Classification

Explanation

Aircraft handling characteristics would restrict the operational capability of the aircraft. Compromise in adequate aircraft control and/or inappropriate pilot workload in performing a task would have to be accepted.



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix


Explanation

Aircraft performance did not closely match the Performance Data Block (PDB) prediction.Assessed item or procedure was inconsistent with overall design philosophy and /or operational requirements. Efficient aircraft operation and system management required increased attention or was restricted by distraction.



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix


Explanation

System functionality and performance was not consistent with overall design philosophy and would restrict the operational capability of the aircraft.



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix

SATISFACTORYAssessment Classification

Explanation

Aircraft handling characteristics fully supported the operational role of the aircraft without requiring improvement. At least suitable aircraft control was possible with adequate pilot workload.



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix


Explanation

Aircraft performance closely matched the PDB prediction.Assessed item or procedure was consistent with overall design philosophy and /or operational requirements thus supporting efficient aircraft operation and system management.



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix


Explanation

System functionality and performance was consistent with overall design philosophy and supported the operational requirements of the aircraft.



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix

ESSENTIAL (ER)Classification of Conclusions

Explanation

Resulted from an UNACCEPTABLE conclusion. Corrective action must be taken prior to further testing or aircraft entry into service.



Leonhardt RC Model


Appendix

Highly Desirable (HDR)Classification of Conclusions

Explanation

Resulted from an UNSATISFACTORY conclusion. High priority should be given to corrective action for this issue prior to further testing or aircraft entry into service.



Leonhardt RC Model


AppendixISVCR = Individual Safe Visual Control Range

Explanation

The ISVCR is defined* as the distance between the pilot and the flight modelwhere the pilot is able to recognize the present flight condition of the model to

control it safe.

This is depending on the following „Individual“ factors :

On the side of the pilot: On the side of the model airplane:State of health, Experience and practice Type of Airplane, Size, Coloration, situation in the airspace, Weather Speed, Altitude and Direction of flightconditions like: Clouds, Positionof the sun, Visibility, Area composition

*by Gunar Leonhardt

Date post:	26-Feb-2019
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F- 35 LIGHTNING II RC Leonhardt RC Model Flugerprobung...

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